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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Measuring the Determinants of Backward Linkages from FDI in Developing Economies : Is it a Matter of Size? (2015)
    Washington, D.C., : The World Bank,
    Details
    UID:
    edocfu_9958246527302883
    Format: 1 online resource (35 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: The main focus of the paper is the measurement of the potential for externalities related to foreign direct investment. A series of novel proxies are drawn from the Enterprise Survey database of the World Bank-IFC and tested against hypotheses considered in the foreign direct investment literature. Using these proxies, an econometric assessment of the determinants of backward linkages in developing economies is presented. The results show that export-oriented foreign direct investment, wholly owned subsidiaries (as opposed to joint ventures), and foreign owned firms relying on foreign technologies are less likely to develop links with domestic companies. In addition, the analysis finds that some sectors (food, wood, auto, and auto-parts) are more prone than others (textiles and electronics) in developing backward linkages. Apart from the type of foreign direct investment and sector-specific characteristics, the size of the host economy matters. Foreign owned subsidiaries in most service oriented Caribbean islands buy a low percentage of inputs from domestic firms. This may be because in small islands there are not enough local suppliers with sufficient quality and capacity to meet the demands of multinationals. However, the paper presents the case of the Dominican Republic, the largest economy in the Caribbean, which has struggled to develop backward linkages because of the relative isolation of special economic zones from the rest of the economy.
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7185
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    Open Access Request
    FU Berlin
    Charité
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Measuring the Determinants of Backward Linkages from FDI in Developing Economies : Is it a Matter of Size? (2015)
    Washington, D.C., : The World Bank,
    Details
    UID:
    almafu_9958246527302883
    Format: 1 online resource (35 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: The main focus of the paper is the measurement of the potential for externalities related to foreign direct investment. A series of novel proxies are drawn from the Enterprise Survey database of the World Bank-IFC and tested against hypotheses considered in the foreign direct investment literature. Using these proxies, an econometric assessment of the determinants of backward linkages in developing economies is presented. The results show that export-oriented foreign direct investment, wholly owned subsidiaries (as opposed to joint ventures), and foreign owned firms relying on foreign technologies are less likely to develop links with domestic companies. In addition, the analysis finds that some sectors (food, wood, auto, and auto-parts) are more prone than others (textiles and electronics) in developing backward linkages. Apart from the type of foreign direct investment and sector-specific characteristics, the size of the host economy matters. Foreign owned subsidiaries in most service oriented Caribbean islands buy a low percentage of inputs from domestic firms. This may be because in small islands there are not enough local suppliers with sufficient quality and capacity to meet the demands of multinationals. However, the paper presents the case of the Dominican Republic, the largest economy in the Caribbean, which has struggled to develop backward linkages because of the relative isolation of special economic zones from the rest of the economy.
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7185
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    Online Resource
    Open Access Request
    FU Berlin
    Charité
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    How Regional Integration and Transnational Energy Networks have Boosted FDI in Turkey (And May Cease to Do so) : A Case Study: How Geo-Political Alliances and Regional Networks Matter (2014)
    Washington, D.C., : The World Bank,
    Details
    UID:
    almafu_9958246550202883
    Format: 1 online resource (37 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: Turkey has historically struggled to attract foreign investors. This paper argues that not only macroeconomic and political stability, but also regional integration explains the upsurge in foreign direct investment observed since 2005. The analysis draws from a qualitative framework. It discusses how, contrary to the Customs Union Treaty for industrial products with the European Union, the official start of the European Union's accession to negotiations in 2005 encompassed a wide set of reforms in several chapters directly or indirectly affecting the business climate. The reforms helped to enhance foreign direct investment attraction in Turkey. However, it seems that the global economic slowdown starting in 2009 and increasing Euro-skepticism have already started to erode this effect. Only large foreign investment in the energy sector observed in 2009-13, explained by the energy security strategy of the European Union and the privatization agenda, has prevented the collapse of foreign direct investment inflows to Turkey.
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6970
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    FU Berlin
    Charité
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    How Regional Integration and Transnational Energy Networks have Boosted FDI in Turkey (And May Cease to Do so) : A Case Study: How Geo-Political Alliances and Regional Networks Matter (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048266403
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (37 p)
    Content: Turkey has historically struggled to attract foreign investors. This paper argues that not only macroeconomic and political stability, but also regional integration explains the upsurge in foreign direct investment observed since 2005. The analysis draws from a qualitative framework. It discusses how, contrary to the Customs Union Treaty for industrial products with the European Union, the official start of the European Union's accession to negotiations in 2005 encompassed a wide set of reforms in several chapters directly or indirectly affecting the business climate. The reforms helped to enhance foreign direct investment attraction in Turkey. However, it seems that the global economic slowdown starting in 2009 and increasing Euro-skepticism have already started to erode this effect. Only large foreign investment in the energy sector observed in 2009-13, explained by the energy security strategy of the European Union and the privatization agenda, has prevented the collapse of foreign direct investment inflows to Turkey
    Additional Edition: Sánchez Martín, Miguel Eduardo How Regional Integration and Transnational Energy Networks have Boosted FDI in Turkey (And May Cease to Do so)
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6970
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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    Online Resource
    Fulltext
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Measuring the Determinants of Backward Linkages from FDI in Developing Economies : Is it a Matter of Size? (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048269258
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (35 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Content: The main focus of the paper is the measurement of the potential for externalities related to foreign direct investment. A series of novel proxies are drawn from the Enterprise Survey database of the World Bank-IFC and tested against hypotheses considered in the foreign direct investment literature. Using these proxies, an econometric assessment of the determinants of backward linkages in developing economies is presented. The results show that export-oriented foreign direct investment, wholly owned subsidiaries (as opposed to joint ventures), and foreign owned firms relying on foreign technologies are less likely to develop links with domestic companies. In addition, the analysis finds that some sectors (food, wood, auto, and auto-parts) are more prone than others (textiles and electronics) in developing backward linkages. Apart from the type of foreign direct investment and sector-specific characteristics, the size of the host economy matters. Foreign owned subsidiaries in most service oriented Caribbean islands buy a low percentage of inputs from domestic firms. This may be because in small islands there are not enough local suppliers with sufficient quality and capacity to meet the demands of multinationals. However, the paper presents the case of the Dominican Republic, the largest economy in the Caribbean, which has struggled to develop backward linkages because of the relative isolation of special economic zones from the rest of the economy
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Sánchez-Martín, Miguel Eduardo Measuring the Determinants of Backward Linkages from FDI in Developing Economies: Is it a Matter of Size? Washington, D.C : The World Bank, 2015
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7185
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    Fulltext
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dollarization dilemma : price stability at the cost of external competitiveness in Cambodia (2019)
    Washington, DC, USA : World Bank Group, Macroeconomics, Trade and Investment Global Practice
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_1671671945
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8893
    Content: Cambodia has recorded both rapid economic growth and macroeconomic stability in recent decades despite (or thanks to) high levels of dollarization. Previous studies on dollarization in Cambodia have largely focused on examining its causes and estimating seigniorage losses. As an attempt to further explore the effects of dollarization in Cambodia, this paper examines its impact on the competitiveness of the export sector. The main results, based on a vector autoregression estimation of quarterly data over 1994Q4-2016Q4, indicate that a positive US interest rate shock has a negative impact on Cambodia's trade balance with the European Union, its main trading partner, as it leads to appreciation of the US dollar. Furthermore, this shock also leads to a significant decrease in Cambodia's international reserve levels during the first two quarters following the shock. The surrendering of monetary and exchange rate independence seems to affect the competitiveness of the tradable sector negatively as well as exacerbate financial sector vulnerability to solvency and liquidity risks
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Samreth, Sovannroeun Dollarization Dilemma: Price Stability at the Cost of External Competitiveness in Cambodia Washington, D.C : The World Bank, 2019
    Language: English
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8893
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Online Resource
    Online Access
    Open Access Request
    UB Potsdam
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dollarization Dilemma : Price Stability at the Cost of External Competitiveness in Cambodia (2019)
    Washington, D.C. :The World Bank,
    Details
    UID:
    almafu_9959104515602883
    Format: 1 online resource (32 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: Cambodia has recorded both rapid economic growth and macroeconomic stability in recent decades despite (or thanks to) high levels of dollarization. Previous studies on dollarization in Cambodia have largely focused on examining its causes and estimating seigniorage losses. As an attempt to further explore the effects of dollarization in Cambodia, this paper examines its impact on the competitiveness of the export sector. The main results, based on a vector autoregression estimation of quarterly data over 1994Q4-2016Q4, indicate that a positive US interest rate shock has a negative impact on Cambodia's trade balance with the European Union, its main trading partner, as it leads to appreciation of the US dollar. Furthermore, this shock also leads to a significant decrease in Cambodia's international reserve levels during the first two quarters following the shock. The surrendering of monetary and exchange rate independence seems to affect the competitiveness of the tradable sector negatively as well as exacerbate financial sector vulnerability to solvency and liquidity risks.
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8893
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    Open Access Request
    FU Berlin
    Charité
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Difficult Relationship : Declining (but Productive) FDI Inflows in Turkey (2016)
    Washington, D.C. :The World Bank,
    Details
    UID:
    almafu_9958143904702883
    Format: 1 online resource (36 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: This paper assesses two research questions: has the presence of foreign firms contributed to productivity increases in Turkey, and how could Turkey increase foreign direct investment inflows? First, the analysis applies dynamic regressions in differences over an AMADEUS firm-level data set. Similar to the results for other emerging countries, Turkish firms that received foreign direct investment will see an increase in productivity after the fourth year. The paper finds evidence of negative but small competition spillovers over domestic firms in the same sector of the multinational, as well as positive and large knowledge spillovers to domestic firms in broader two-digit sectors. This finding constitutes a case for foreign direct investment attraction policies in Turkey. Second, based on the findings of the cross-country regressions, the paper argues that Turkey could increase its attractiveness to foreign investors by strengthening institutional quality, in particular the rule of law, and mitigating exchange rate volatility.
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7918
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    FU Berlin
    Charité
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Monetary, Fiscal, and Structural Drivers of Inflation in Ethiopia : New Empirical Evidence from Time Series Analysis (2021)
    Washington, D.C. :The World Bank,
    Details
    UID:
    almafu_9960151021802883
    Format: 1 online resource (36 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: This study empirically investigates the drivers of inflation in Ethiopia using monthly data from July 1998 to September 2020. It explores short-run and long-run effects of domestic and external determinants of inflation-including demand-side, supply-side, and structural factors-using the cointegration and vector error correction methodology. Four measures of inflation are considered: cereals, food, nonfood, and all items consumer price index inflation. A key contribution to the existing literature is the investigation of the role of the fiscal sector in modeling inflation, a topic that has been neglected in the existing studies on inflation in Ethiopia. The empirical results show that disequilibria in the monetary sector, grains sector, and food markets have long-run effects on inflation. In the short run, inflation is driven by structural factors (notably, cereal output gaps and imported inflation) as well as demand-side factors (notably, money growth and public sector borrowing). The results hold when the analysis is limited to the high growth period from 2005 onward, following the end of the International Monetary Fund program in the country. The evidence provides valuable insights in the context of ongoing macroeconomic policy reforms in Ethiopia.
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9881
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    FU Berlin
    Charité
  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Does the Elimination of Export Requirements in Special Economic Zones Affect Export Performance? Evidence from the Dominican Republic / (2016)
    Washington, D.C. :The World Bank,
    Details
    UID:
    almafu_9958143909502883
    Format: 1 online resource (33 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: Special economic zones, one of the most important instruments of industrial policy in developing countries, often feature export share requirements. That is, firms located in these zones are obliged to export more than a certain stated share of their output to enjoy the wide array of incentives available there, a practice prohibited by the World Trade Organization. This paper exploits the staggered removal of export requirements across products and over time in the special economic zones of the Dominican Republic to evaluate whether the importance of exports originating from the zones was affected by the elimination of export requirements. The findings show that entry increased among firms in special economic zones, while the average value of export transactions fell for existing exporters following the reforms. At the same time, continuous exporters were unaffected by the policy change, possibly because these firms were not constrained by the export requirement. Overall, special economic zones became more important with respect to the number of exporters based there but not in terms of the value of exports. The findings suggest that the elimination of performance requirements made it more attractive for firms to be based in special economic zones.
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7874
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    Open Access Request
    FU Berlin
    Charité
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