Format:
Online-Ressource (XIX, 520 p. 105 illus., 75 illus. in color, digital)
ISBN:
9781461432937
Series Statement:
SpringerLink
Content:
Regular physical exercise is associated with substantial health benefits. Recent evidence not only holds for cardiovascular effects promoting 'physical health', but also for the central nervous system believed to promote 'brain health. Moderate physical exercise has been found to improve learning, memory, and attentional processing, with recent research indicating that neuroprotective mechanisms and associated plasticity in brain structure and function also benefit. Physical exercise is also known to induce a range of acute or sustained psychophysiological effects, among these mood elevation, stress reduction, anxiolysis, and hypoalgesia. Today, modern functional neuroimaging techniques afford direct measurement of the acute and chronic relation of physical exercise on the human brain, as well as the correlation of the derived physiological in vivo signals with behavioral outcomes recorded during and after exercise. A wide range of imaging techniques have been applied to human exercise research, ranging from electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG), near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to positron emission tomography (PET). All of these imaging methods provide distinct information, and they differ considerably in terms of spatial and temporal resolution, availability, cost, and associated risks. However, from a "multimodal imaging perspective, neuroimaging provides an unprecedented potential to unravel the neurobiology of human exercise, covering a wide spectrum ranging from structural plasticity in gray and white matter, network dynamics, global and regional perfusion, evoked neuronal responses to the quantification of neurotransmitter release. The aim of this book is to provide the current state of the human neuroimaging literature in the emerging field of the neurobiological exercise sciences and to outline future applications and directions of research.
Note:
Description based upon print version of record
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Functional Neuroimaging in Exercise and Sport Sciences; Preface; Contents; Contributors; Part I: Theoretical Background, Animal Models, and Basic Sciences; Chapter 1: Exercise and the Brain: Neurogenesis, Synaptic Plasticity, Spine Density, and Angiogenesis; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Exercise and Cognition in Rodents; 1.2.1 Normal Young and Aged Rodents; 1.2.2 Models of Neurodegenerative Disease; 1.2.2.1 Alzheimer's Disease; 1.2.2.2 Parkinson's Disease; 1.2.2.3 Huntington's Disease; 1.3 Mechanisms Underlying Effects of Exercise on Cognitive Function; 1.3.1 Neurogenesis; 1.3.2 Synaptic Plasticity
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1.3.3 Spine Density1.3.4 Angiogenesis; 1.4 Running, Neurotransmission and Pharmacology; 1.4.1 Antidepressants and Running; 1.4.2 Endurance Factors; 1.5 Conclusions and Perspectives; References; Chapter 2: Molecular Mechanisms for the Ability of Exercise Supporting Cognitive Abilities and Counteracting Neurological Disorders; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Exercise, Synaptic Plasticity, and Cognition; 2.3 Exercise and Energy Metabolism; 2.4 Exercise During Brain Development; 2.5 Exercise Induces Neurogenesis; 2.6 Neuroprotective Effects of Exercise; 2.7 Exercise and Diet Interaction
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2.8 Epigenetics of Exercise2.9 Conclusion; References; Chapter 3: Opioids and Exercise: Animal Models; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Endogenous Opioids; 3.3 Animal Models: Motivation and Hedonics; 3.4 Effects of Exercise on Dopamine; 3.5 Effects of Exercise on Opioids; 3.6 Opioids and Nociception After Exercise; 3.7 Summary; References; Chapter 4: The Monoaminergic System in Animal Models of Exercise; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Exercise and Brain Neurotransmitter Concentrations; 4.3 Whole Brain Neurotransmitter Concentrations; 4.4 Neurotransmitters Concentrations in Specific Brain Regions
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4.5 Measuring Neurotransmitter Release4.6 Advantages and Disadvantages of Microdialysis; 4.6.1 Advantages; 4.6.2 Disadvantages; 4.7 Microdialysis and Exercise; 4.8 Exercise and Neurotransmitter Release; 4.9 Neurotransmitter Manipulation, Exercise, and Microdialysis; 4.10 Microdialysis, Exercise and Animal Models of Neurological Disorders; 4.11 Microdialysis, Exercise Training and Thermoregulation; 4.12 Conclusions; References; Part II: Methods for Human Neuroimaging in Exercise and Sport Sciences: Theoretical Background and Practical Aspects
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Chapter 5: Methods for Measurement of Physical Fitness and Training Recommendations in Studies on Humans5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Physiological Aspects of Endurance and Strength Exercise; 5.2.1 Endurance Exercise; 5.2.2 Strength Exercise; 5.3 Physical Fitness Measurement; 5.3.1 Contraindications for Participation in Fitness Testing; 5.3.2 Specific Methods: Endurance Tests; 5.3.2.1 Graded Exercise Test to Exhaustion (GTX) with Measurement of V˙ O 2 max; 5.3.2.2 Submaximal Exercise Testing With Measurement of the Aerobic-Anaerobic Threshold; 5.3.2.3 Time Trial; 5.3.2.4 Field Tests
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5.3.3 Specific Methods: Strength Tests
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Part 1.Theoretical Background, Animal Models, and Basic SciencesExercise and the Brain: Neurogenesis, Synaptic Plasticity, Spine Density, and Angiogenesis
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Molecular Mechanisms for the Ability of Exercise Supporting Cognitive Abilities and Counteracting Neurological Disorders
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Opioids and Exercise: Animal Models
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The Monoaminergic System in Animal Models of Exercise
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Part 2.Methods for Human Neuroimaging in Exercise and Sport Sciences: Theoretical Background and Practical AspectsMethods for Measurement of Physical Fitness and Training Recommendations in Studies on Humans
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Psychological Assessments in Physical Exercise
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Assessing Somatosensory Profiles and Autonomic Nervous System Responses in Physical Exercise Studies
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Humoral Factors in Humans Participating in Different Types of Exercise and Training
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EEG: Theoretical Background and Practical Aspects
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NIRS: Theoretical Background and Practical Aspects
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Theoretical Background of MR Imaging
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Functional and Structural MRI: Theoretical Background and Practical Aspects
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PET: Theoretical Background and Practical Aspects
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Part 3.Effects of Exercise on Brain Perfusion, Metabolism, and StructureNIRS for Measuring Cerebral Hemodynamic Responses During Exercise
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PET Studies of Brain Metabolism in Exercise Research
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Physical Exercise and the Resting Brain
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Structural Plasticity Induced by Physical Exercise
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Part 4.Effects of Exercise on Cognitive ProcessingThe Relation of ERP Indices of Exercise to Brain Health and Cognition
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Relationship Between Exercise and Cognitive Processing Studied by MRI in Elderly People
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Cross-sectional Studies on the Influence of Exercise on Brain Structure, Functional Activation, and Cognition in Health and Disease
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Part 5.Effects of Exercise on Affective ProcessingThe Effects of Exercise on Brain Cortical Function and Its Implication on Mental Health and Mood
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Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Mood and Human Opioidergic Activation Measured by Positron Emission Tomography
Additional Edition:
ISBN 9781461432920
Additional Edition:
Buchausg. u.d.T. ISBN 978-1-461-43292-0
Language:
English
DOI:
10.1007/978-1-4614-3293-7
URL:
Volltext
(lizenzpflichtig)
Author information:
Strüder, Heiko K. 1965-
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