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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Computational mechanisms of belief updating in relation to psychotic-like experiences (2023)
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    Details
    UID:
    edochu_18452_27267
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (12 Seiten)
    Content: Introduction Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) may occur due to changes in weighting prior beliefs and new evidence in the belief updating process. It is still unclear whether the acquisition or integration of stable beliefs is altered, and whether such alteration depends on the level of environmental and belief precision, which reflects the associated uncertainty. This motivated us to investigate uncertainty-related dynamics of belief updating in relation to PLEs using an online study design. Methods We selected a sample (n = 300) of participants who performed a belief updating task with sudden change points and provided self-report questionnaires for PLEs. The task required participants to observe bags dropping from a hidden helicopter, infer its position, and dynamically update their belief about the helicopter's position. Participants could optimize performance by adjusting learning rates according to inferred belief uncertainty (inverse prior precision) and the probability of environmental change points. We used a normative learning model to examine the relationship between adherence to specific model parameters and PLEs. Results PLEs were linked to lower accuracy in tracking the outcome (helicopter location) (β = 0.26 ± 0.11, p = 0.018) and to a smaller increase of belief precision across observations after a change point (β = −0.003 ± 0.0007, p 〈 0.001). PLEs were related to slower belief updating when participants encountered large prediction errors (β = −0.03 ± 0.009, p = 0.001). Computational modeling suggested that PLEs were associated with reduced overall belief updating in response to prediction errors (βPE = −1.00 ± 0.45, p = 0.028) and reduced modulation of updating at inferred environmental change points (βCPP = −0.84 ± 0.38, p = 0.023). Discussion We conclude that PLEs are associated with altered dynamics of belief updating. These findings support the idea that the process of balancing prior belief and new evidence, as a function of environmental uncertainty, is altered in PLEs, which may contribute to the development of delusions. Specifically, slower learning after large prediction errors in people with high PLEs may result in rigid beliefs. Disregarding environmental change points may limit the flexibility to establish new beliefs in the face of contradictory evidence. The present study fosters a deeper understanding of inferential belief updating mechanisms underlying PLEs.
    Content: Peer Reviewed
    In: Lausanne : Frontiers Research Foundation, 14
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.18452/26569
    DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1170168
    URN: urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-110-18452/27267-5
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Belief Updating in Subclinical and Clinical Delusions (2022)
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    Details
    UID:
    edochu_18452_29733
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (11 Seiten)
    Content: Background and Hypothesis Current frameworks propose that delusions result from aberrant belief updating due to altered prediction error (PE) signaling and misestimation of environmental volatility. We aimed to investigate whether behavioral and neural signatures of belief updating are specifically related to the presence of delusions or generally associated with manifest schizophrenia. Methods Our cross-sectional design includes human participants (n[female/male] = 66[25/41]), stratified into four groups: healthy participants with minimal (n = 22) or strong delusional-like ideation (n = 18), and participants with diagnosed schizophrenia with minimal (n = 13) or strong delusions (n = 13), resulting in a 2 × 2 design, which allows to test for the effects of delusion and diagnosis. Participants performed a reversal learning task with stable and volatile task contingencies during fMRI scanning. We formalized learning with a hierarchical Gaussian filter model and conducted model-based fMRI analysis regarding beliefs of outcome uncertainty and volatility, precision-weighted PEs of the outcome- and the volatility-belief. Results Patients with schizophrenia as compared to healthy controls showed lower accuracy and heightened choice switching, while delusional ideation did not affect these measures. Participants with delusions showed increased precision-weighted PE-related neural activation in fronto-striatal regions. People with diagnosed schizophrenia overestimated environmental volatility and showed an attenuated neural representation of volatility in the anterior insula, medial frontal and angular gyrus. Conclusions Delusional beliefs are associated with altered striatal PE-signals. Juxtaposing, the potentially unsettling belief that the environment is constantly changing and weaker neural encoding of this subjective volatility seems to be associated with manifest schizophrenia, but not with the presence of delusional ideation.
    Content: Peer Reviewed
    In: Oxford : Oxford University Press, 4,1
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.18452/29110
    DOI: 10.1093/schizbullopen/sgac074
    URN: urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-110-18452/29733-9
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    HU Berlin
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Neural Processing of Agoraphobia-Specific Stimuli in Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia (2018)
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    Details
    UID:
    edochu_18452_22066
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (16 Seiten)
    ISSN: 0033-3190 , 0033-3190
    Content: Background: Patients suffering from panic disorder and agoraphobia are significantly impaired in daily life due to anxiety about getting into a situation due to apprehension about experiencing a panic attack, especially if escape may be difficult. Dysfunctional beliefs and behavior can be changed with cognitive behavioral therapy; however, the neurobiological effects of such an intervention on the anticipation and observation of agoraphobia-specific stimuli are unknown. Methods: We compared changes in neural activation by measuring the blood oxygen level-dependent signal of 51 patients and 51 healthy controls between scans before and those after treatment (group by time interaction) during anticipation and observation of agoraphobia-specific compared to neutral pictures using 3-T fMRI. Results: A significant group by time interaction was observed in the ventral striatum during anticipation and in the right amygdala during observation of agoraphobia-specific pictures; the patients displayed a decrease in ventral striatal activation during anticipation from pre- to posttreatment scans, which correlated with clinical improvement measured with the Mobility Inventory. During observation, the patients displayed decreased activation in the amygdala. These activational changes were not observed in the matched healthy controls. Conclusions: For the first time, neural effects of cognitive behavioral therapy were shown in patients suffering from panic disorder and agoraphobia using disorder-specific stimuli. The decrease in activation in the ventral striatum indicates that cognitive behavioral therapy modifies anticipatory anxiety and may ameliorate abnormally heightened salience attribution to expected threatening stimuli. The decreased amygdala activation in response to agoraphobia-specific stimuli indicates that cognitive behavioral therapy can alter the basal processing of agoraphobia-specific stimuli in a core region of the fear network.
    Content: Peer Reviewed
    Note: This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.
    In: Basel, Switzerland : S. Karger AG, 87,6, Seiten 350-365, 0033-3190
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1159/000493146
    DOI: 10.18452/21325
    URN: urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-110-18452/22066-0
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    HU Berlin
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Model-Based and Model-Free Decisions in Alcohol Dependence (2014)
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    Details
    UID:
    edochu_18452_21511
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (11 Seiten)
    ISSN: 0302-282X , 0302-282X
    Content: Background: Human and animal work suggests a shift from goal-directed to habitual decision-making in addiction. However, the evidence for this in human alcohol dependence is as yet inconclusive. Methods: Twenty-six healthy controls and 26 recently detoxified alcohol-dependent patients underwent behavioral testing with a 2-step task designed to disentangle goal-directed and habitual response patterns. Results: Alcohol-dependent patients showed less evidence of goal-directed choices than healthy controls, particularly after losses. There was no difference in the strength of the habitual component. The group differences did not survive controlling for performance on the Digit Symbol Substitution Task. Conclusion: Chronic alcohol use appears to selectively impair goal-directed function, rather than promoting habitual responding. It appears to do so particularly after nonrewards, and this may be mediated by the effects of alcohol on more general cognitive functions subserved by the prefrontal cortex.
    Content: Peer Reviewed
    Note: This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.
    In: Basel, Switzerland : S. Karger AG, 70,2, Seiten 122-131, 0302-282X
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1159/000362840
    DOI: 10.18452/20775
    URN: urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-110-18452/21511-5
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    HU Berlin
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer in Alcohol Dependence: A Pilot Study (2014)
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    Details
    UID:
    edochu_18452_21512
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (11 Seiten)
    ISSN: 0302-282X , 0302-282X
    Content: Background: Pavlovian processes are thought to play an important role in the development, maintenance and relapse of alcohol dependence, possibly by influencing and usurping ongoing thought and behavior. The influence of pavlovian stimuli on ongoing behavior is paradigmatically measured by pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) tasks. These involve multiple stages and are complex. Whether increased PIT is involved in human alcohol dependence is uncertain. We therefore aimed to establish and validate a modified PIT paradigm that would be robust, consistent and tolerated by healthy controls as well as by patients suffering from alcohol dependence, and to explore whether alcohol dependence is associated with enhanced PIT. Methods: Thirty-two recently detoxified alcohol-dependent patients and 32 age- and gender-matched healthy controls performed a PIT task with instrumental go/no-go approach behaviors. The task involved both pavlovian stimuli associated with monetary rewards and losses, and images of drinks. Results: Both patients and healthy controls showed a robust and temporally stable PIT effect. Strengths of PIT effects to drug-related and monetary conditioned stimuli were highly correlated. Patients more frequently showed a PIT effect, and the effect was stronger in response to aversively conditioned CSs (conditioned suppression), but there was no group difference in response to appetitive CSs. Conclusion: The implementation of PIT has favorably robust properties in chronic alcohol-dependent patients and in healthy controls. It shows internal consistency between monetary and drug-related cues. The findings support an association of alcohol dependence with an increased propensity towards PIT.
    Content: Peer Reviewed
    Note: This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.
    In: Basel, Switzerland : S. Karger AG, 70,2, Seiten 111-121, 0302-282X
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1159/000363507
    DOI: 10.18452/20776
    URN: urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-110-18452/21512-1
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    HU Berlin
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Anticipating agoraphobic situations: the neural correlates of panic disorder with agoraphobia (2014)
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    Details
    UID:
    edochu_18452_28586
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (12 Seiten)
    Content: Background Panic disorder with agoraphobia is characterized by panic attacks and anxiety in situations where escape might be difficult. However, neuroimaging studies specifically focusing on agoraphobia are rare. Here we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with disorder-specific stimuli to investigate the neural substrates of agoraphobia. Method We compared the neural activations of 72 patients suffering from panic disorder with agoraphobia with 72 matched healthy control subjects in a 3-T fMRI study. To isolate agoraphobia-specific alterations we tested the effects of the anticipation and perception of an agoraphobia-specific stimulus set. During fMRI, 48 agoraphobia-specific and 48 neutral pictures were randomly presented with and without anticipatory stimulus indicating the content of the subsequent pictures (Westphal paradigm). Results During the anticipation of agoraphobia-specific pictures, stronger activations were found in the bilateral ventral striatum and left insula in patients compared with controls. There were no group differences during the perception phase of agoraphobia-specific pictures. Conclusions This study revealed stronger region-specific activations in patients suffering from panic disorder with agoraphobia in anticipation of agoraphobia-specific stimuli. Patients seem to process these stimuli more intensively based on individual salience. Hyperactivation of the ventral striatum and insula when anticipating agoraphobia-specific situations might be a central neurofunctional correlate of agoraphobia. Knowledge about the neural correlates of anticipatory and perceptual processes regarding agoraphobic situations will help to optimize and evaluate treatments, such as exposure therapy, in patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia.
    Content: Peer Reviewed
    Note: This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.
    In: Cambridge : Cambridge Univ. Press, 44,11, Seiten 2385-2396
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.18452/27975
    DOI: 10.1017/S0033291713003085
    URN: urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-110-18452/28586-4
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  • 7
    Book
    Book
    Neuronale Grundlagen kognitiver Defizite bei Patienten mit schizophrenen Psychosen : Untersuchungen mittels multimodaler Bildgebung und computationaler Modellierung (2015)
    Berlin,
    Details
    UID:
    almafu_BV044906271
    Format: 74 Blätter : , Illustrationen, Diagramme.
    Note: Habilitationsschrift Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin 2018
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe
    Language: German
    Keywords: Hochschulschrift
    Author information: Schlagenhauf, Florian 1973-
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    Book
    Charité get availability status
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Neuronale Grundlagen kognitiver Defizite bei Patienten mit schizophrenen Psychosen : Untersuchungen mittels multimodaler Bildgebung und computationaler Modellierung (2015)
    Berlin,
    Details
    UID:
    edocfu_BV044906258
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (74 Blätter) : , Illustrationen, Diagramme.
    Note: Habilitationsschrift Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin 2018
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe
    Language: German
    Keywords: Hochschulschrift
    URN: urn:nbn:de:kobv:188-fudissthesis000000106894-1
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    Author information: Schlagenhauf, Florian 1973-
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    FU Berlin
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Neuronale Grundlagen kognitiver Defizite bei Patienten mit schizophrenen Psychosen : Untersuchungen mittels multimodaler Bildgebung und computationaler Modellierung (2015)
    Berlin,
    Details
    UID:
    edoccha_BV044906258
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (74 Blätter) : , Illustrationen, Diagramme.
    Note: Habilitationsschrift Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin 2018
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe
    Language: German
    Keywords: Hochschulschrift
    URN: urn:nbn:de:kobv:188-fudissthesis000000106894-1
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    Author information: Schlagenhauf, Florian 1973-
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    Charité
  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Opposing roles for amygdala and vmPFC in the return of appetitive conditioned responses in humans (2019)
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    Details
    UID:
    edochu_18452_30014
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (12 Seiten)
    Content: Learning accounts of addiction and obesity emphasize the persistent power of Pavlovian reward cues to trigger craving and increase relapse risk. While extinction can reduce conditioned responding, Pavlovian relapse phenomena—the return of conditioned responding following successful extinction—challenge the long-term success of extinction-based treatments. Translational laboratory models of Pavlovian relapse could therefore represent a valuable tool to investigate the mechanisms mediating relapse, although so far human research has mostly focused on return of fear phenomena. To this end we developed an appetitive conditioning paradigm with liquid food rewards in combination with a 3-day design to investigate the return of appetitive Pavlovian responses and the involved neural structures in healthy subjects. Pavlovian conditioning (day 1) was assessed in 62 participants, and a subsample (n = 33) further completed extinction (day 2) and a reinstatement test (day 3). Conditioned responding was assessed on explicit (pleasantness ratings) and implicit measures (reaction time, skin conductance, heart rate, startle response) and reinstatement effects were further evaluated using fMRI. We observed a return of conditioned responding during the reinstatement test, evident by enhanced skin conductance responses, accompanied by enhanced BOLD responses in the amygdala. On an individual level, psychophysiological reinstatement intensity was significantly anticorrelated with ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) activation, and marginally anticorrelated with enhanced amygdala-vmPFC connectivity during late reinstatement. Our results extend evidence from return of fear phenomena to the appetitive domain, and highlight the role of the vmPFC and its functional connection with the amygdala in regulating appetitive Pavlovian relapse.
    Content: Peer Reviewed
    In: London : Nature Publishing Group, 9,1
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.18452/29402
    DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0482-x
    URN: urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-110-18452/30014-4
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    HU Berlin
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