Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (1190 pages)

Edition: 2nd ed.

ISBN: 0-323-95655-6

Content: The lack of widespread education in space safety engineering and management has profound effects on project team effectiveness in integrating safety during design. On one side, it slows down the professional development of junior safety engineers, while on the other side it creates a sectarian attitude that isolates safety engineers from the rest of the project team. To speed up professional development, bridge the gap within the team, and prevent hampered communication and missed feedback, the entire project team needs to acquire and develop a shared culture of space safety principles and techniques.The second edition of Safety Design for Space Systems continues to address these issues with substantial updates to chapters such as battery safety, life support systems, robotic systems safety, and fire safety. This book also features new chapters on crew survivability design and nuclear space systems safety. Finally, the discussion of human rating concepts, safety-by-design principles, and safety management practices have also been revised and improved.

Note: Front Cover -- Safety Design for Space Systems -- Safety Design for Space Systems -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- List of contributors -- About the editors -- Preface to the first edition -- Preface to the second edition -- Acknowledgments -- 1 - Introduction -- 1.1.1 Apollo 1 -- 1.1.2 Soyuz 1 -- 1.1.3 Soyuz 11 -- 1.1.4 Shuttle Challenger -- 1.1.5 Shuttle Columbia -- 1.1.6 SpaceShipTwo -- 1.1.7 Data on human spaceflight incidents -- 1.2.1 The space system -- 1.2.1.1 Systems of systems -- 1.2.2 Space system safety -- 1.3.1 Change brings risk, but lack of change also brings risk -- 1.4.1 Introductory part -- 1.4.2 General part -- 1.4.3 Special safety topics -- References -- 2 - The space environment: natural and induced -- 2.1.1 Composition -- 2.1.2 Atomic oxygen -- 2.1.3 The ionosphere -- 2.1.3.1 Ionospheric models -- 2.1.3.2 Variations in the ionosphere -- 2.1.3.3 Behavior of radio waves in the ionosphere -- 2.2.1 Orbital debris -- 2.2.1.1 Launch and mission-related objects -- 2.2.1.2 Explosion and collision fragments -- 2.2.1.3 Debris sources unrelated to fragmentation -- 2.2.1.4 Debris impact probability -- 2.2.2 Meteoroids -- 2.2.2.1 Meteoroid population -- 2.2.2.2 Meteoroid impact probability -- 2.3.1 Acoustics safety issues -- 2.3.2 Acoustic requirements -- 2.3.2.1 Continuous noise -- 2.3.2.2 Intermittent noise -- 2.3.2.3 Narrow band components -- 2.3.2.4 Ultrasound and infrasound -- 2.3.2.5 Hazardous overall noise limits -- 2.3.2.6 Reverberation time -- 2.3.2.7 Alarms -- 2.3.3 Compliance and verification -- 2.3.4 Conclusions and recommendations -- Recommended reading -- 2.4.1 Ionizing radiation -- 2.4.1.1 Sources of ionizing radiation -- 2.4.1.1.1 Solar particle radiation -- 2.4.1.1.2 Galactic cosmic radiation -- 2.4.1.1.3 Trapped radiation belts -- 2.4.1.2 Space radiation protection issues -- 2.4.1.3 Summary. , 2.4.2 Radio frequency radiation -- 2.4.2.1 Sources -- 2.4.2.1.1 Local facility sources -- 2.4.2.1.2 Terrestrial emitters -- 2.4.2.1.3 Natural and triggered lightning -- 2.4.2.1.4 Vehicle-borne emitters -- 2.4.2.1.5 Satellite sources -- 2.4.2.1.6 Solar flares and sunspots -- Recommended reading -- 2.5.1 Introduction to the thermal environment -- 2.5.2 Spacecraft heat transfer considerations -- 2.5.2.1 Thermo-optical properties -- 2.5.2.2 Overall spacecraft heat balance -- 2.5.3 The natural thermal environment -- 2.5.3.1 Solar flux -- 2.5.3.2 Planetary infrared flux or outgoing longwave radiation -- 2.5.3.3 Albedo flux -- 2.5.3.4 The planetary form factor -- 2.5.3.5 Combined albedo and planetary infrared effects -- 2.5.4 The induced thermal environment -- 2.5.4.1 Spacecraft attitude considerations -- 2.5.4.2 The orbit beta angle -- 2.5.4.3 Spacecraft geometric effects -- 2.5.5 Other lunar and planetary environment considerations -- 2.6.1 Introduction to environmental effects -- 2.6.2 Combined environments -- 2.6.3 Combined effects -- 2.6.4 Ground testing for space simulation -- References -- Further reading -- 3 - Overview of bioastronautics -- 3.1.1 Muscular system -- 3.1.2 Skeletal system -- 3.1.3 Cardiovascular and respiratory systems -- 3.1.4 Neurovestibular system -- 3.1.5 Radiation -- 3.1.6 Nutrition -- 3.1.7 Immune system -- 3.1.8 Extravehicular activity -- 3.1.8.1 Extravehicular activities during planetary surface explorations -- 3.2.1 Muscular system -- 3.2.2 Skeletal system -- 3.2.3 Cardiovascular and respiratory systems -- 3.2.4 Neurovestibular system -- 3.2.5 Radiation -- 3.2.6 Nutrition -- 3.2.7 Immune system -- 3.2.8 Extravehicular activity -- 3.2.9 Core stability -- 3.3.1 Preflight preparation -- 3.3.2 In-flight measures -- 3.3.2.1 Exercise countermeasures -- 3.3.2.2 Vibration isolation and stability systems. , 3.3.2.3 Cardiovascular exercise -- 3.3.2.4 Treadmills -- 3.3.2.5 Cycle ergometers -- 3.3.2.6 Resistance exercise for muscle growth -- 3.3.2.6.1 Advanced resistance exercise device -- 3.3.2.7 Advanced exercise concepts -- 3.3.2.8 Space motion sickness -- 3.3.2.9 Body fluid levels -- 3.3.2.10 Orthostatic intolerance -- 3.3.2.11 Bone -- 3.3.2.12 Radiation -- 3.3.2.13 Pain medications -- 3.3.2.14 Design considerations -- 3.3.2.15 Nutrition -- 3.3.2.16 Artificial gravity -- 3.3.2.16.1 Balancing velocity and radius -- 3.3.2.16.2 Short arm centrifuge -- 3.3.2.16.3 Long arm centrifuge -- 3.3.2.16.4 Mars surface -- 3.3.2.17 Other equipment -- 3.3.2.17.1 Lower body negative pressure -- 3.3.2.17.2 Fluid loading -- 3.3.2.17.3 Electrostimulation -- 3.3.2.17.4 Compression/load clothing -- 3.3.2.17.5 Occlusion cuffs -- 3.3.2.17.6 Compression garments -- 3.3.2.17.7 Combination -- 3.3.2.18 Extravehicular activity preparation -- 3.3.2.19 Shielding -- 3.3.3 In-flight medical monitoring -- 3.3.3.1 In-flight medical, psychological, and biomedical monitoring -- 3.3.3.1.1 Exploration class mission in-flight monitoring -- 3.3.3.2 Countermeasure prescription -- 3.3.4 Postflight recovery -- References -- Further reading -- 4 - Space safety engineering and management -- 4.1.1 The risk of accidents -- 4.1.2 System safety engineering and management -- 4.2.1 Hazard and risk -- 4.2.2 Functional, inherent, and induced hazards -- 4.2.2.1 Functional hazards -- 4.2.2.2 Inherent hazards -- 4.2.2.3 Induced hazards -- 4.2.3 Failure and fault -- 4.3.1 Safety requirements, risk-based design, and safety case -- 4.3.1.1 Failure tolerance and fault tolerance -- 4.3.1.2 Fault avoidance -- 4.3.1.3 Emergency and crew survival requirements -- 4.3.2 Hazard analysis -- 4.3.2.1 Hazard identification -- 4.3.2.2 Functional hazard analysis -- 4.3.2.2.1 Definition of system functional architecture. , 4.3.2.2.2 Evaluation of functional failures impact on safety -- 4.3.2.2.3 Fault tolerant system architecture definition -- 4.3.2.3 Preliminary hazard analysis -- 4.3.2.4 Hazard elimination and risk mitigation -- 4.3.2.5 Design hazard controls -- 4.3.2.5.1 Barriers, inhibits, and interlocks -- 4.3.2.5.2 Fail-safe design -- 4.3.2.5.3 Redundancies -- 4.3.2.5.4 Use of design standards -- 4.3.2.5.5 Safe without services -- 4.3.2.6 Operational hazard controls -- 4.3.3 Design compliance assessment -- 4.3.4 Integrating safety in the system design process -- 4.3.4.1 Reductionism versus holism -- 4.4.1 Organizational requirements -- 4.4.2 Safety design validation -- 4.4.2.1 Safety review process -- 4.4.2.2 Safety data package -- References -- 5 - Safety policy and human rating -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Policies, regulations, and standards -- 5.2.1 Prescriptive versus performance regulations and standards -- 5.2.1.1 Prescriptive requirements -- 5.2.1.2 Performance requirements -- 5.2.2 Safety regulations and authority -- 5.3 Human rating -- 5.3.1 Defining human rating -- 5.3.2 Early human-rating technical concepts -- 5.3.2.1 Integrating the human element -- 5.3.3 Shuttle risk management deficiencies -- 5.3.4 Post-Columbia human-rating policy -- 5.3.5 Evolution of NPR 8705.2 technical requirements -- 5.3.6 The human-rating certification package -- 5.3.7 NASA human-rating certification process -- References -- Further reading -- 6 - Probabilistic risk assessment with emphasis on design -- 6.1 Basic elements of probabilistic risk assessment -- 6.1.1 Identification of initiating events -- 6.1.2 Application of event sequence diagrams and event trees -- 6.1.3 Modeling of pivotal events -- 6.1.4 Linkage and quantification of accident scenarios -- 6.2 Construction of a probabilistic risk assessment for design evaluations -- 6.2.1 Reference mission. , 6.3 Relative risk evaluations -- 6.3.1 Absolute versus relative risk assessments -- 6.3.2 Roles of relative risk assessments in design evaluations -- 6.3.3 Quantitative evaluations -- 6.4 Evaluations of the relative risks of alternative designs -- 6.4.1 Overview of probabilistic risk assessment models developed -- 6.4.2 Relative risk comparisons of the alternative designs -- References -- 7 - Safety considerations for the ground environment -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Ground support equipment -- 7.3 Documentation and reviews -- 7.4 Roles and responsibilities -- 7.5 Contingency planning -- 7.6 Flight hardware safety -- 7.7 Training -- 7.8 Hazardous operations -- 7.9 Tools -- 7.10 Human factors -- 7.11 Biological systems and materials -- 7.12 Electrical equipment and facilities -- 7.13 Radiation -- 7.14 Pressure systems -- 7.15 Explosive devices -- 7.16 Mechanical and electromechanical devices -- 7.17 Propellants -- 7.18 Cryogenics -- 7.19 Oxygen systems -- 7.20 Ground handling -- 7.21 Software safety -- 7.22 Summary -- 8 - Emergency and crew survival systems -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.1.1 The need for crew survival systems -- 8.1.2 Orbital mission phases and emergencies -- 8.2 Emergency and crew survival capabilities -- 8.2.1 Probability of crew survival -- 8.2.2 Escape systems and abort modes -- 8.2.2.1 Escape during prelaunch and ascent -- 8.2.2.1.1 Soyuz launch abort system -- 8.2.2.1.1 Soyuz launch abort system -- 8.2.2.1.2 Orion launch abort system -- 8.2.2.1.2 Orion launch abort system -- 8.2.2.1.3 SpaceX dragon launch abort system -- 8.2.2.1.3 SpaceX dragon launch abort system -- 8.2.2.1.4 Launch escape by ejection seats -- 8.2.2.1.4 Launch escape by ejection seats -- 8.2.2.1.5 Space shuttle launch abort modes -- 8.2.2.1.5 Space shuttle launch abort modes -- 8.2.2.1.6 Shuttle contingencies procedures -- 8.2.2.1.6 Shuttle contingencies procedures. , 8.2.2.1.6.1 Ditching.

Additional Edition: Print version: Sgobba, Tommaso Safety Design for Space Systems San Diego : Elsevier Science & Technology,c2023 ISBN 9780323956543

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (988 p.)

Edition: 1st edition

ISBN: 1-282-73717-1 , 9786612737176 , 0-08-055922-0

Content: Progress in space safety lies in the acceptance of safety design and engineering as an integral part of the design and implementation process for new space systems. Safety must be seen as the principle design driver of utmost importance from the outset of the design process, which is only achieved through a culture change that moves all stakeholders toward front-end loaded safety concepts. This approach entails a common understanding and mastering of basic principles of safety design for space systems at all levels of the program organisation. Fully supported by the International As

Note: Description based upon print version of record. , Front Cover; Safety Design for Space Systems; Copyright Page; Contents; Preface; Introduction; About the Editors; About the Contributors; Chapter 1: Introduction to Space Safety; 1.1 Nasa and Safety; 1.4 The Book; Chapter 2: The Space Environment: Natural and Induced; 2.3 Microgravity; 2.4 Acoutics; 2.4.1 Acoustics Safety Issues; 2.5 Radiation; 2.5.1 Ionizing Radiation; 2.6 Natural and Induced Thermal Environments; 2.6.1 Introduction to the Thermal Environment; 2.6.4 The Induced Thermal Environment; 2.6.5 Other Lunar and Planetary Environment Considerations; 2.7.3 Combined Effects , ReferencesChapter 3: Overview of Bioastronautics; 3.1.4 Neurovestibular System; 3.2.4 Neurovestibular System; 3.2.5 Radiation; 3.3.3 In-Flight Medical Monitoring; 3.4 Crew Survival; 3.5 Conclusion; References; Chapter 4: Basic Principles of Space Safety; 4.2.3 Fail-Safe Design; 4.2.5 Monitoring, Recovery, and Escape; 4.3 The Safety Review Process; 4.3.2 The Safety Panels; References; Chapter 5: Human Rating Concepts; Chapter 6: Life Support Systems Safety; 6.2 Trace Contaminant Control; References; Chapter 7: Emergency Systems; 7.1.1 Legal and Diplomatic Basis , Chapter 8: Collision Avoidance Systems8.1 Docking Systems and Operations; 8.1.1 Docking Systems as a Means for Spacecraft Orbital Mating; 8.1.3 Design Features Ensuring the Safety and Reliability of Russian Docking Systems; 8.1.4 Analyses and Tests Performed for Verification of Safety and Reliability of Russian Docking Systems; Acknowledgment; 8.2 Descent and Landing Systems; 8.2.2 Known Parachute Anomalies and Lessons Learned; Chapter 9: Robotic Systems Safety; 9.3.1 Electrical and Electromechanical Malfunctions; 9.4.6 Built in Test; References; Chapter 10: Meteoroid and Debris Protection , 10.2.2 Leak Location System and Operational Design Considerations10.2.4 Kit Design and Certification Considerations (1 is too many; 100 are not enough); Chapter 11: Noise Control Design; 11.2.1 Noise Control Strategy; 11.2.2 Acoustic Analysis; 11.3.2 Path Noise Control; Chapter 12: Materials Safety; 12.1.1 Materials Offgassing Controls; 12.1.2 Materials Testing; 12.1.3 Spacecraft Module Testing; 12.2.1 What Is Stress-Corrosion Cracking?; 12.2.6 Stress-Corrosion Cracking in Propulsion Systems; Chapter 13: Oxygen Systems Safety; 13.2 Oxygen Generators , 13.2.1 Electrochemical Systems for Oxygen ProductionChapter 14: Avionics Safety; 14.1 Introduction to Avionics Safety; 14.2.8 Electrical Ground and Bond Connections for Shields; 14.3.2 Total Computer Control: Fail Safe; 14.5.1 Fundamentals; 14.6 Arc Tracking; 14.6.1 A New Failure Mode; 14.6.3 Likelihood of an Arc Tracking Event; 14.7 Corona Control in High Voltage Systems; 14.8 Extravehicular Activity Considerations; 14.8.1 Displays and Indicators Used in Space; 14.8.5 Computer or Operational Control of Inhibits , 14.9 Spacecraft electromagnetic interference and electromagnetic compatibility control , English

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-7506-8580-8

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (xxiii, 1046 pages) : , illustrations (some color)

Edition: 1st edition

ISBN: 1-299-40293-3 , 0-08-096922-4

Series Statement: Gale eBooks

Content: Endorsed by the International Association for the Advancement of Space Safety (IAASS) and drawing on the expertise of the world's leading experts in the field, Safety Design for Space Operations provides the practical how-to guidance and knowledge base needed to facilitate effective launch-site and operations safety in line with current regulations. With information on space operations safety design currently disparate and difficult to find in one place, this unique reference brings together essential material on: Best design practices relating to space operati

Note: Sponsored by the International Association for the Advancement of Space Safety. , Front Cover; Safety Design for Space Operations; Dedication; Safety Design for Space Operations; Copyright; Contents; Preface; About the Editors and Contributors; Firooz A. ALLAHDADI, Ph.D.; Isabelle RONGIER; Paul D. WILDE, Ph.D., P.E.; Tommaso SGOBBA; William AILOR, Ph.D.; Fernand ALBY; John B. BACON, Ph.D.; Sayavur I. BAKHTIYAROV, Ph.D.; Christophe BONNAL; Curt D. BOTTS; Bernard BRANDT; Kenneth BUTTON; Estelle CHAMPESTING; Jon CHROSTOWSKI; Nathalie COSTEDOAT; Robert DEMPSEY, Ph.D.; John DOLLBERG; Melissa EMERY; Wigbert FEHSE, Ph.D.; David FINKLEMAN, Ph.D.; Jean-François GOESTER , Charles GRAYJerry HABER; Andrew HERD; Lark HOWORTH; Nicholas JOHNSON; Michael T. KEZIRIAN, Ph.D.; Paul KIRKPATRICK; Steven L. KOONTZ, Ph.D.; Georg KOPPENWALLNER, Ph.D. (1935-2012); Leonard KRAMER, Ph.D.; Udaya KUMAR, Ph.D.; Erik LARSON Ph.D.; Wim van LEEUWEN; Carine LEVEAU; Eugene LEVIN, Ph.D.; Michael G. LUTOMSKI; Kelli MALONEY; Ronald R. MIKATARIAN; D. F. Kip MIKULA; Erwin MOOIJ, Ph.D.; Randy NYMAN; Ron NOOMEN; Gary F. POLANSKI, Ph.D.; Sandrine RICHARD; Karl U. SCHREIBER, Ph.D.; Joseph A. SHOLTIS; Carlos E. SOARES; Richard G. STERN; Marc TOUSSAINT; Jean-Pierre TRINCHERO; Jérôme VILA , Gregory D. WYSS, Ph.D.Chapter 1 - Introduction to Space Operations Safety; 1.1 General; 1.2 Safety Risk Management; 1.3 Launch Site Safety; 1.4 Launch Safety; 1.5 Nuclear-Powered Payloads Safety; 1.6 Orbital Safety; 1.7 Re-Entry Safety; 1.8 Aircraft Protection; Chapter 2 - Spaceport Design for Safety; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Choice of Launch Site; 2.3 Master Plan of a Spaceport; 2.4 Ground Risk Control; 2.5 Flight Risk Control; 2.6 Safety Design for a Spaceport; 2.7 Major Impacts of Safety Requirements on SpaceportDesign; 2.8 Specificity of Launch Pad Escape System Design forHuman Spaceflight , 2.9 Environment Protection2.10 General Conclusion; Further Reading; Chapter 3 - Ground Safety: Special Topics; 3.1 Safety During Payload Ground Processing; 3.2 Gases Storage and Handling Safety; References; Chapter 4 - Safety in Launch Operations; 4.1 Launch Operations Safety*; 4.2 Re-Entry of the Main Cryotechnic Stage of Ariane 5:Challenges, Modeling and Observations; References; Further Reading; Chapter 5 - Other Launch SafetyHazards*; 5.1 Toxic Hazards; 5.2 Distant Focusing Overpressure Risk Analysis; 5.3 Other Launches and Platforms; References; Chapter 6 - Nuclear-Powered Payload Safety , 6.1 Introduction to Space Nuclear Systems6.2 SNPS Launch History and Accidents; 6.3 Launch Abort Environments Affecting SNPSs; 6.4 Containment Design; 6.5 Risk Assessment for Nuclear Missions; 6.6 International Protocols and U.S. Environmental Review; 6.7 Nuclear Mission Launch Approval; 6.8 Nuclear Mission Launch Integration; 6.9 Symbols and Acronyms; References; Chapter 7 - On-Orbit Mission Control; 7.1 Mission Control Center Design and Operations; 7.2 Hazardous Commands Identification and Control; 7.3 Flight Rules: Purpose and Use; Chapter 8 - Orbital Operations Safety , 8.1 Space Situational Awareness Systems and SpaceTraffic Control , English

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-08-096921-6

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (897 pages) : , illustrations, tables

ISBN: 0-08-101870-3 , 0-08-101869-X

Note: Front Cover -- Space Safety and Human Performance -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- About the Editors and Contributors -- About the Editors -- About the Contributors -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Unsafe acts and latent failures -- 1.2 Spaceflight incidents and close calls due to human error -- 1.2.1 Mercury MA-7 (1962): Overconsumption of rcs fuel -- 1.2.2 Apollo 10 LM (1969): Wrong Abort Guidance System Command -- 1.2.3 Skylab 4 (1972): Wrong Circuit Breakers Opened for Re-Entry -- 1.2.4 Apollo ASTP (1975): Inadvertent Maneuver After Docking -- 1.2.5 Apollo ASTP (1975): Crew exposure to toxic gases -- 1.2.6 STS 3 (1982): Shuttle Almost Crashed at Landing -- 1.2.7 Mir (1997): Progress-mir collision -- 1.3 Human error prevention -- 1.4 Beyond earth orbits -- 1.5 Book structure -- 1.5.1 Chapter 2 "Cognitive Functions and Human Error" -- 1.5.2 Chapter 3 "Workload and Fatigue" -- 1.5.3 Chapter 4 "Space Flight Environment" -- 1.5.4 Chapter 5 "Physiological Performance and Capabilities" -- 1.5.5 Chapter 6 "Psychological Resilience" -- 1.5.6 Chapter 7 "Human Factors Research Tools and Methods" -- 1.5.7 Chapter 8 "System Safety and Accident Prevention" -- 1.5.8 Chapter 9 "Human-System Interfaces Design" -- 1.5.9 Chapter 10 "Human-Automation Interaction" -- 1.5.10 Chapter 11 "Human Factors and Safety in EVA" -- 1.5.11 Chapter 12 "Human Reliability Analysis Methods and Tools" -- 1.5.12 Chapter 13 "Human Factors in Mission Control Centers" -- 1.5.13 Chapter 14 "Organizational Factors and Safety Culture" -- 1.5.14 Chapter 15 "Habitability and Habitat Design" -- 1.5.15 Chapter 16 "Selection and Training" -- 1.5.16 Chapter 17 "Medical and Psychological Mission Support" -- 1.5.17 Chapter 18 "Human Factors in Mishap Investigation" -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 2 Cognitive functions and human error. , 2.1 Crewmember cognitive function during spaceflight -- 2.1.1 Introduction -- 2.1.2 Spaceflight Cognitive Tests -- 2.1.3 The "Cognition" Test Battery -- 2.1.4 A Framework for Discussing Crewmember Cognition -- 2.1.4.1 The Short-Term Sensory Store and Perception -- 2.1.4.2 Attention -- 2.1.4.3 Working Memory -- 2.1.4.3.1 Interruptions and distractions -- 2.1.4.3.2 Vigilance -- 2.1.4.4 Long-Term Memory -- 2.1.4.5 Problem Solving, Reasoning, and Decision Making -- 2.1.4.6 Carbon Dioxide Effects on Decision Making -- 2.1.4.7 Traumatic Brain Injury and Crewmember Cognition -- 2.1.5 Concluding Remarks -- 2.2 Human error -- 2.2.1 Definition -- 2.2.2 Human Error Taxonomies -- 2.2.3 Understanding Human Performance -- 2.2.4 Dual Processing -- 2.2.5 Cognitive Heuristics -- 2.2.6 Applications to Aerospace -- 2.2.7 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 3 Workload and fatigue -- 3.1 Workload measurement and management in system development -- Background -- 3.1.1 Workload and Human Performance -- 3.1.1.1 Workload Defined -- 3.1.1.2 Workload Considerations -- 3.1.2 Approaches to Workload Evaluation and Prediction -- 3.1.3 Workload Demands and Operator Cognitive Resources -- 3.1.3.1 Single- versus Multiple-Task Demands -- 3.1.4 Measures of Workload -- 3.1.4.1 Primary Task Performance Measures -- 3.1.4.1.1 Measuring speed and accuracy -- 3.1.4.1.2 Measuring activity -- 3.1.4.1.3 Task analysis -- 3.1.4.2 Secondary (Indirect) Task Performance Measures -- 3.1.4.3 Subjective Ratings -- 3.1.4.3.1 Instantaneous self-assessment -- 3.1.4.3.2 NASA Task Load Index -- 3.1.4.3.3 Bedford -- 3.1.4.4 Physiological Measures -- 3.1.4.4.1 Heart rate -- 3.1.4.4.2 Heart rate variability -- 3.1.5 Workload Assessment and Prediction in the System Development Cycle -- 3.1.6 Workload Assessment and Prediction: Need for Accurate Characterizations of Workload Drivers. , 3.2 Workload and fatigue -- 3.2.1 General -- 3.2.2 Occupational Fatigue Assessment -- 3.2.3 Causes of Workplace Fatigue -- 3.2.4 Consequences -- 3.2.5 Countermeasures -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 4 Spaceflight environment -- 4.1 Accelerations -- 4.1.1 Introduction -- 4.1.2 Loads Characterization -- 4.1.3 Structural Response to Dynamic Loads -- 4.1.4 (Quasi) Static Loads -- 4.1.5 Dynamic Loads -- 4.1.5.1 Sinusoidal/Transient Loads -- 4.1.5.2 Acoustic Loads -- 4.1.5.3 Random Vibration Loads -- 4.1.5.4 Shock Loads -- 4.1.6 Acceleration Environment per Flight Phase -- 4.1.6.1 Operations on Earth, Moon, and Mars -- 4.1.6.2 Launch -- 4.1.6.3 Orbital Flight -- 4.1.6.4 Re-Entry -- 4.1.6.5 Suborbital Flight -- References -- Further Reading -- 4.2 Acoustics -- 4.2.1 Introduction -- 4.2.2 Acoustic Requirements -- 4.2.2.1 Continuous Noise -- 4.2.2.2 Intermittent Noise -- 4.2.2.3 Narrow Band Components -- 4.2.2.4 Ultrasound and infrasound -- 4.2.2.5 Hazardous Overall Noise Limits -- 4.2.2.6 Reverberation Time -- 4.2.2.7 Alarm Audibility -- 4.2.3 Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- Recommended Reading -- 4.3 Radiation -- 4.3.1 Introduction -- 4.3.2 Planetary and Interplanetary Radiation Environment -- 4.3.2.1 Radiation Belts -- 4.3.2.2 Solar Particle Events -- 4.3.2.3 Galactic Cosmic Rays -- 4.3.2.3 Induced Secondary Radiation -- 4.3.3 Radiation Exposure During Space Missions -- 4.3.3.1 Suborbital Flights -- 4.3.3.2 Low-Earth Orbit -- 4.3.3.3 Beyond LEO -- 4.3.3.4 Moon Mission -- 4.3.3.5 Mars Mission -- 4.3.4 Radiation Exposure Limits -- References -- Further Reading -- 4.4 Microbial contamination -- 4.4.1 Introduction -- 4.4.2 Sampling in Space Habitats -- 4.4.3 Microbial Biocontamination Control -- 4.4.4 Abundance of Bacteria and Fungi on ISS -- 4.4.5 Microbial Responses to Microgravity. , 4.4.6 New Methods for Microbial Monitoring in Space Habitats -- 4.4.7 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5 Physiological performance and capabilities -- 5.1 Launch and ascent -- 5.1.1 Acceleration -- 5.1.2 Vibration -- 5.2 On Orbit -- 5.2.1 Fluid Shifts -- 5.2.2 Vestibular System Changes -- 5.2.2.1 Space Motion Sickness -- 5.2.3 Back Pain -- 5.2.4 Fatigue and Sleep Loss -- 5.2.5 Vision -- 5.2.5.1 Phosphenes -- 5.2.5.2 Vision Impairment and Intracranial Pressure -- 5.2.6 Environmental Quality -- 5.2.6.1 Air Quality -- 5.2.6.2 Lighting -- 5.2.6.3 Thermal Quality -- 5.2.6.4 Acoustic Quality -- 5.2.7 Musculoskeletal Changes -- 5.2.8 Decreased Immunity -- 5.3 Re-entry and landing -- 5.4 Return to Earth's 1 G -- 5.4.1 Cardiovascular System -- 5.4.2 Vestibular System Readaptation -- 5.4.3 Musculoskeletal System -- 5.4.4 Long-Term Effects of Radiation -- 5.5 Cardiovascular Adaptation in different microgravity environments -- 5.5.1 Long-Duration Space Flight -- 5.5.2 Parabolic Flights -- 5.5.3 Suborbital Flights -- 5.6 Conclusion -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 6 Psychological resilience -- Introduction -- 6.1 Mission factors -- 6.1.1 Space-Specific Stressors -- 6.1.1.1 Microgravity -- 6.1.1.2 Dark-Light Cycle -- 6.1.1.3 Radiation -- 6.1.2 Space-Relevant Stressors -- 6.1.2.1 Confinement and Isolation -- 6.1.2.2 Habitability Factors -- 6.1.2.2.1 Noise -- 6.1.2.2.2 Ambient air -- 6.1.2.2.3 Privacy and personal hygiene -- 6.1.2.3 Work-Related Factors -- 6.2 Individual state factors -- 6.2.1 Sleep, Circadian Rhythm, and Fatigue -- 6.2.2 Mood and Behavioral Health -- 6.2.2.1 Results From Analog Environments -- 6.2.2.2 Results From Spaceflight Studies -- 6.2.3 Cognitive and Psychomotor Performance -- 6.3 Individual resilience -- 6.3.1 Personality -- 6.3.1.1 Personal Values -- 6.3.1.2 Coping Strategies -- 6.4 Team resilience. , 6.4.1 Defining Team Resilience -- 6.4.2 Team Resilience and Team Performance -- 6.4.3 Developing Team Resilience -- 6.4.3.1 Selecting for Team Resilience -- 6.4.3.1.1 Team orientation, teamwork skills, social skills -- 6.4.3.1.2 Communication skills -- 6.4.3.1.3 Crosscultural competency -- 6.4.3.1.4 Leadership-followership -- 6.4.3.2 Creating the Resilient Crew -- 6.4.3.3 Resilience Through Training -- 6.4.3.4 Supporting a Resilient Crew -- 6.4.3.5 Studying Team Resilience -- 6.5 Team emergent states and outcomes -- 6.5.1 Resilience as a Team Emergent State -- 6.5.2 Team Safety and Performance -- 6.5.3 Team Health and Well-Being -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 7 Human factors research methods and tools -- Introduction -- 7.1 Task analysis techniques -- 7.1.1 What Is Task Analysis? -- 7.1.2 Why Should Task Analysis be Used? -- 7.1.3 When to Use Task Analysis? -- 7.1.4 Task Analysis Process -- 7.1.4.1 Step 1-Information Collection -- 7.1.4.2 Step 2-Data Recording -- 7.1.4.3 Step 3-Data Analysis -- 7.2 Critical incident technique and process mapping -- 7.2.1 Introduction -- 7.2.2 Method -- 7.2.2.1 Step 1-Scoping the Process -- 7.2.2.2 Step 2-Identify Candidates -- 7.2.2.3 Step 3-Locations to Observe the Process -- 7.2.2.4 Step 4-Informally View the Process -- 7.2.2.5 Step 5-Observe Process -- 7.2.2.6 Step 6-Develop the Process Maps -- 7.2.2.7 Step 7-Critical Points -- 7.2.2.8 Step 8-Write Up the Results -- 7.2.3 Process-Mapping Example: Aircraft Inspection Activity -- 7.3 Digital human modeling -- 7.3.1 Application of Models in Space Design -- 7.3.2 Use by the Analyst -- 7.3.3 Limitations and Challenges of the Models -- 7.4 Bed rest -- 7.5 Voice stress analysis -- 7.6 Analog mission research -- 7.6.1 Confinement Studies -- 7.6.2 Polar Overwintering -- 7.6.3 Expeditions -- 7.6.3.1 Polar Treks -- 7.6.3.2 Sailing Expeditions. , 7.6.3.3 High-Altitude Mountaineering Expeditions.

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 Online-Ressource (XIII, 640 p. 449 illus., 379 illus. in color)

ISBN: 9783319159829

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druckausgabe ISBN 978-3-319-15981-2

Language: English

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-15982-9

URL: Volltext

URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis

URL: Abstract

UID:

Format: XXIV, 187 S. , Ill., graph. Darst.

ISBN: 3709107172 , 9783709107171

Series Statement: Studies in space policy 7

Note: Need for international safety regulations for commercial space activities -- Current space regulations and standards -- Existing international civil regulatory frameworks, other activities or environments -- Transition from air law and space law to aerospace law -- Safety issues -- Launch safety -- Suborbital safety -- Orbital safety issues -- Returning vehicles risk -- Savings lives in space missions -- Need for international regulation of STM, space tourism & space debris -- ICAO for near-space safety? -- Proposal for a new regulatory regime.

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe Jakhu, Ram S., 1946 - The Need for an Integrated Regulatory Regime for Aviation and Space Vienna : Springer Vienna, 2011 ISBN 9783709107188

Language: English

Keywords: International Civil Aviation Organization ; Raumfahrtpolitik ; Weltraumrecht

URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis

UID:

Format: 1 Online-Ressource (xxiii, 1046 pages)

ISBN: 9780080969220 , 0080969224 , 9781299402935 , 1299402933 , 9780080969213 , 0080969216

Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Endorsed by the International Association for the Advancement of Space Safety (IAASS) and drawing on the expertise of the world's leading experts in the field, Safety Design for Space Operations provides the practical how-to guidance and knowledge base needed to facilitate effective launch-site and operations safety in line with current regulations. With information on space operations safety design currently disparate and difficult to find in one place, this unique reference brings together essential material on: Best design practices relating to space operations, such as the design of spaceport facilities. Advanced analysis methods, such as those used to calculate launch and re-entry debris fall-out risk. Implementation of safe operation procedures, such as on-orbit space traffic management. Safety considerations relating to the general public and the environment in addition to personnel and asset protection. Taking in launch operations safety relating unmanned missions, such as the launch of probes and commercial satellites, as well as manned missions, Safety Design for Space Operations provides a comprehensive reference for engineers and technical managers within aerospace and high technology companies, space agencies, spaceport operators, satellite operators and consulting firms. Fully endorsed by the International Association for the Advancement of Space Safety (IAASS), with contributions from leading experts at NASA, the European Space Agency (EASA) and the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), amongst othersCovers all aspects of space operations relating to safety of the general public, as well as the protection of valuable assets and the environment. Focuses on launch operations safety relating to manned and unmanned missions, such as the launch of probes and commercial satellites

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe

Language: English

Keywords: Raumfahrt ; Sicherheitsmaßnahme

URL: Volltext

UID:

Format: XXIII, 1046 S. , Ill., graph. Darst.

ISBN: 978-0-08-096921-3

Note: Includes bibliographical references and index

Language: English

Subjects: Engineering

Keywords: Raumfahrt ; Sicherheitsmaßnahme

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (xxiii, 1046 pages) : , illustrations (some color)

Edition: 1st edition

ISBN: 1-299-40293-3 , 0-08-096922-4

Series Statement: Gale eBooks

Content: Endorsed by the International Association for the Advancement of Space Safety (IAASS) and drawing on the expertise of the world's leading experts in the field, Safety Design for Space Operations provides the practical how-to guidance and knowledge base needed to facilitate effective launch-site and operations safety in line with current regulations. With information on space operations safety design currently disparate and difficult to find in one place, this unique reference brings together essential material on: Best design practices relating to space operati

Note: Sponsored by the International Association for the Advancement of Space Safety. , Front Cover; Safety Design for Space Operations; Dedication; Safety Design for Space Operations; Copyright; Contents; Preface; About the Editors and Contributors; Firooz A. ALLAHDADI, Ph.D.; Isabelle RONGIER; Paul D. WILDE, Ph.D., P.E.; Tommaso SGOBBA; William AILOR, Ph.D.; Fernand ALBY; John B. BACON, Ph.D.; Sayavur I. BAKHTIYAROV, Ph.D.; Christophe BONNAL; Curt D. BOTTS; Bernard BRANDT; Kenneth BUTTON; Estelle CHAMPESTING; Jon CHROSTOWSKI; Nathalie COSTEDOAT; Robert DEMPSEY, Ph.D.; John DOLLBERG; Melissa EMERY; Wigbert FEHSE, Ph.D.; David FINKLEMAN, Ph.D.; Jean-François GOESTER , Charles GRAYJerry HABER; Andrew HERD; Lark HOWORTH; Nicholas JOHNSON; Michael T. KEZIRIAN, Ph.D.; Paul KIRKPATRICK; Steven L. KOONTZ, Ph.D.; Georg KOPPENWALLNER, Ph.D. (1935-2012); Leonard KRAMER, Ph.D.; Udaya KUMAR, Ph.D.; Erik LARSON Ph.D.; Wim van LEEUWEN; Carine LEVEAU; Eugene LEVIN, Ph.D.; Michael G. LUTOMSKI; Kelli MALONEY; Ronald R. MIKATARIAN; D. F. Kip MIKULA; Erwin MOOIJ, Ph.D.; Randy NYMAN; Ron NOOMEN; Gary F. POLANSKI, Ph.D.; Sandrine RICHARD; Karl U. SCHREIBER, Ph.D.; Joseph A. SHOLTIS; Carlos E. SOARES; Richard G. STERN; Marc TOUSSAINT; Jean-Pierre TRINCHERO; Jérôme VILA , Gregory D. WYSS, Ph.D.Chapter 1 - Introduction to Space Operations Safety; 1.1 General; 1.2 Safety Risk Management; 1.3 Launch Site Safety; 1.4 Launch Safety; 1.5 Nuclear-Powered Payloads Safety; 1.6 Orbital Safety; 1.7 Re-Entry Safety; 1.8 Aircraft Protection; Chapter 2 - Spaceport Design for Safety; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Choice of Launch Site; 2.3 Master Plan of a Spaceport; 2.4 Ground Risk Control; 2.5 Flight Risk Control; 2.6 Safety Design for a Spaceport; 2.7 Major Impacts of Safety Requirements on SpaceportDesign; 2.8 Specificity of Launch Pad Escape System Design forHuman Spaceflight , 2.9 Environment Protection2.10 General Conclusion; Further Reading; Chapter 3 - Ground Safety: Special Topics; 3.1 Safety During Payload Ground Processing; 3.2 Gases Storage and Handling Safety; References; Chapter 4 - Safety in Launch Operations; 4.1 Launch Operations Safety*; 4.2 Re-Entry of the Main Cryotechnic Stage of Ariane 5:Challenges, Modeling and Observations; References; Further Reading; Chapter 5 - Other Launch SafetyHazards*; 5.1 Toxic Hazards; 5.2 Distant Focusing Overpressure Risk Analysis; 5.3 Other Launches and Platforms; References; Chapter 6 - Nuclear-Powered Payload Safety , 6.1 Introduction to Space Nuclear Systems6.2 SNPS Launch History and Accidents; 6.3 Launch Abort Environments Affecting SNPSs; 6.4 Containment Design; 6.5 Risk Assessment for Nuclear Missions; 6.6 International Protocols and U.S. Environmental Review; 6.7 Nuclear Mission Launch Approval; 6.8 Nuclear Mission Launch Integration; 6.9 Symbols and Acronyms; References; Chapter 7 - On-Orbit Mission Control; 7.1 Mission Control Center Design and Operations; 7.2 Hazardous Commands Identification and Control; 7.3 Flight Rules: Purpose and Use; Chapter 8 - Orbital Operations Safety , 8.1 Space Situational Awareness Systems and SpaceTraffic Control , English

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-08-096921-6

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (xxiii, 1046 pages) : , illustrations (some color)

Edition: 1st edition

ISBN: 1-299-40293-3 , 0-08-096922-4

Series Statement: Gale eBooks

Content: Endorsed by the International Association for the Advancement of Space Safety (IAASS) and drawing on the expertise of the world's leading experts in the field, Safety Design for Space Operations provides the practical how-to guidance and knowledge base needed to facilitate effective launch-site and operations safety in line with current regulations. With information on space operations safety design currently disparate and difficult to find in one place, this unique reference brings together essential material on: Best design practices relating to space operati

Note: Sponsored by the International Association for the Advancement of Space Safety. , Front Cover; Safety Design for Space Operations; Dedication; Safety Design for Space Operations; Copyright; Contents; Preface; About the Editors and Contributors; Firooz A. ALLAHDADI, Ph.D.; Isabelle RONGIER; Paul D. WILDE, Ph.D., P.E.; Tommaso SGOBBA; William AILOR, Ph.D.; Fernand ALBY; John B. BACON, Ph.D.; Sayavur I. BAKHTIYAROV, Ph.D.; Christophe BONNAL; Curt D. BOTTS; Bernard BRANDT; Kenneth BUTTON; Estelle CHAMPESTING; Jon CHROSTOWSKI; Nathalie COSTEDOAT; Robert DEMPSEY, Ph.D.; John DOLLBERG; Melissa EMERY; Wigbert FEHSE, Ph.D.; David FINKLEMAN, Ph.D.; Jean-François GOESTER , Charles GRAYJerry HABER; Andrew HERD; Lark HOWORTH; Nicholas JOHNSON; Michael T. KEZIRIAN, Ph.D.; Paul KIRKPATRICK; Steven L. KOONTZ, Ph.D.; Georg KOPPENWALLNER, Ph.D. (1935-2012); Leonard KRAMER, Ph.D.; Udaya KUMAR, Ph.D.; Erik LARSON Ph.D.; Wim van LEEUWEN; Carine LEVEAU; Eugene LEVIN, Ph.D.; Michael G. LUTOMSKI; Kelli MALONEY; Ronald R. MIKATARIAN; D. F. Kip MIKULA; Erwin MOOIJ, Ph.D.; Randy NYMAN; Ron NOOMEN; Gary F. POLANSKI, Ph.D.; Sandrine RICHARD; Karl U. SCHREIBER, Ph.D.; Joseph A. SHOLTIS; Carlos E. SOARES; Richard G. STERN; Marc TOUSSAINT; Jean-Pierre TRINCHERO; Jérôme VILA , Gregory D. WYSS, Ph.D.Chapter 1 - Introduction to Space Operations Safety; 1.1 General; 1.2 Safety Risk Management; 1.3 Launch Site Safety; 1.4 Launch Safety; 1.5 Nuclear-Powered Payloads Safety; 1.6 Orbital Safety; 1.7 Re-Entry Safety; 1.8 Aircraft Protection; Chapter 2 - Spaceport Design for Safety; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Choice of Launch Site; 2.3 Master Plan of a Spaceport; 2.4 Ground Risk Control; 2.5 Flight Risk Control; 2.6 Safety Design for a Spaceport; 2.7 Major Impacts of Safety Requirements on SpaceportDesign; 2.8 Specificity of Launch Pad Escape System Design forHuman Spaceflight , 2.9 Environment Protection2.10 General Conclusion; Further Reading; Chapter 3 - Ground Safety: Special Topics; 3.1 Safety During Payload Ground Processing; 3.2 Gases Storage and Handling Safety; References; Chapter 4 - Safety in Launch Operations; 4.1 Launch Operations Safety*; 4.2 Re-Entry of the Main Cryotechnic Stage of Ariane 5:Challenges, Modeling and Observations; References; Further Reading; Chapter 5 - Other Launch SafetyHazards*; 5.1 Toxic Hazards; 5.2 Distant Focusing Overpressure Risk Analysis; 5.3 Other Launches and Platforms; References; Chapter 6 - Nuclear-Powered Payload Safety , 6.1 Introduction to Space Nuclear Systems6.2 SNPS Launch History and Accidents; 6.3 Launch Abort Environments Affecting SNPSs; 6.4 Containment Design; 6.5 Risk Assessment for Nuclear Missions; 6.6 International Protocols and U.S. Environmental Review; 6.7 Nuclear Mission Launch Approval; 6.8 Nuclear Mission Launch Integration; 6.9 Symbols and Acronyms; References; Chapter 7 - On-Orbit Mission Control; 7.1 Mission Control Center Design and Operations; 7.2 Hazardous Commands Identification and Control; 7.3 Flight Rules: Purpose and Use; Chapter 8 - Orbital Operations Safety , 8.1 Space Situational Awareness Systems and SpaceTraffic Control , English

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-08-096921-6

Language: English