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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Isolation And Subjective Welfare : Evidence From South Asia (2008)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV040619139
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (1 online resource (55 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausgabe World Bank E-Library Archive Sonstige Standardnummer des Gesamttitels: 041181-4
    Content: Using detailed geographical and household survey data from Nepal, this article investigates the relationship between isolation and subjective welfare. This is achieved by examining how distance to markets and proximity to large urban centers are associated with responses to questions about income and consumption adequacy. Results show that isolation is associated with a significant reduction in subjective assessments of income and consumption adequacy, even after controlling for consumption expenditures and other factors. The reduction in subjective welfare associated with isolation is much larger for households that are already relatively close to markets. These findings suggest that welfare assessments based on monetary income and consumption may seriously underestimate the subjective welfare cost of isolation, and hence will tend to bias downward the assessment of benefits to isolation-reducing investments such as roads and communication infrastructure
    Note: Weitere Ausgabe: Fafchamps, Marcel: Isolation And Subjective Welfare
    Additional Edition: Reproduktion von Fafchamps, Marcel Isolation And Subjective Welfare 2008
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Where To Sell ? : Market Facilities And Agricultural Marketing (2008)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV040619059
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (1 online resource (45 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausgabe World Bank E-Library Archive Sonstige Standardnummer des Gesamttitels: 041181-4
    Content: This paper analyzes the effect of facilities and infrastructure available at the market place on a farmer's decision to sell at the market using a comprehensive survey of farmers, markets and villages conducted in Tamil Nadu, India in 2005. The econometric estimation shows that the likelihood of sales at the market increases significantly with an improvement in market facilities and a decrease in travel time from the village to the market. The results suggest that wealth reduces a farmer's cost of accessing market facilities more than it increases her/his opportunity cost of leisure. The wealthy farmers are able to capture a disproportionate share of the benefits of facilities available at congested markets. The policy simulation, however, shows that the marginal benefits from an improvement in market facilities will favor poorer farmers in the context of India
    Note: Weitere Ausgabe: Shilpi, Forhad : Where To Sell ?
    Additional Edition: Reproduktion von Shilpi, Forhad Where To Sell ? 2008
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext
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  • 3
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    Migration, Sorting And Regional Inequality : Evidence From Bangladesh (2008)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV040619220
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (1 online resource (42 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausgabe World Bank E-Library Archive Sonstige Standardnummer des Gesamttitels: 041181-4
    Content: Using household level data from Bangladesh, this paper examines the differences in the rates of return to household attributes over the entire welfare distribution. The empirical evidence uncovers substantial differences in returns between an integrated region contiguous to the country's main growth centers, and a less integrated region cut-off from those centers by major rivers. The evidence suggests that households with better observed and unobserved attributes (such as education and ability) are concentrated in the integrated region where returns are higher. Within each region, mobility of workers seems to equalize returns at the lower half of the distribution. The natural border created by the rivers appears to hinder migration, causing returns differences between the regions to persist. To reduce regional inequality in welfare in Bangladesh, the results highlight the need for improving connectivity between the regions, and for investing in portable assets of the poor (such as human capital)
    Note: Weitere Ausgabe: Shilpi, Forhad : Migration, Sorting And Regional Inequality
    Additional Edition: Reproduktion von Shilpi, Forhad Migration, Sorting And Regional Inequality 2008
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The spatial division of labor in Nepal (2002)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank, Development Research Group, Rural Development
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV040617481
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausgabe World Bank E-Library Archive Sonstige Standardnummer des Gesamttitels: 041181-4
    Edition: Also available in print.
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 2845
    Note: "May 2002. - Includes bibliographical references (p. 34-40). - Title from title screen as viewed on Aug. 16, 2002 , Erscheinungsjahr in Vorlageform:[2002] , Weitere Ausgabe: Fafchamps, Marcel: The spatial division of labor in Nepal
    Additional Edition: Reproduktion von Fafchamps, Marcel The spatial division of labor in Nepal 2002
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    The Extent of The Market And Stages of Agricultural Specialization (2008)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV040619138
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (1 online resource (40 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausgabe World Bank E-Library Archive Sonstige Standardnummer des Gesamttitels: 041181-4
    Content: This paper provides empirical evidence of nonlinearity in the relationship between crop specialization in a village economy and the extent of the market (size of the urban market) relevant for the village. The results suggest that the portfolio of crops in a village economy becomes more diversified initially as the extent of the market increases. However, after the market size reaches a threshold, the production structure becomes specialized again. This evidence on the stages of agricultural diversification is consistent with the stages of diversification identified in the recent literature for the economy as a whole and also for the manufacturing sector. The evidence highlights the importance of improving farmers' access to markets through investment in transport infrastructure and removal of barriers to trading
    Note: Weitere Ausgabe: Emran, M. Shahe : The Extent of The Market And Stages of Agricultural Specialization
    Additional Edition: Reproduktion von Emran, M. Shahe The Extent of The Market And Stages of Agricultural Specialization 2008
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Spatial Specialization And Farm-Nonfarm Linkages (2008)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV040619215
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (1 online resource (36 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausgabe World Bank E-Library Archive Sonstige Standardnummer des Gesamttitels: 041181-4
    Content: Using individual level employment data from Bangladesh, this paper presents empirical evidence on the relative importance of farm and urban linkages for rural nonfarm employment. The econometric results indicate that high return wage work and self-employment in nonfarm activities cluster around major urban centers. The negative effects of isolation on high return wage work and on self-employment are magnified in locations with higher agricultural potential. The low return nonfarm activities respond primarily to local demand displaying no significant spatial variation. The empirical results highlight the need for improved connectivity of regions with higher agricultural potential to urban centers for nonfarm development in Bangladesh
    Note: Weitere Ausgabe: Deichmann, Uwe : Spatial Specialization And Farm-Nonfarm Linkages
    Additional Edition: Reproduktion von Deichmann, Uwe Spatial Specialization And Farm-Nonfarm Linkages 2008
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext
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  • 7
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    Rural-Urban Migration in Developing Countries : Lessons from the Literature (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV049081474
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (41 Seiten)
    Content: This paper reviews the recent literature on rural-urban migration in developing countries, focusing on three key questions: What motivates or forces people to migrate?What costs do migrants face? What are the impacts of migration on migrants and the economy? The literature paints a complex picture whereby rural-urban migration is driven by many factors and the returns to migration as well as the costs are very high. The evidence supports the notion that migration barriers hinder labor market adjustment and are likely to be welfare reducing. The review concludes by identifying gaps in current research and data needs
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9662
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9662
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Land Market Restrictions, Women's Labor Force Participation, and Wages in a Rural Economy (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048269150
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (42 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Content: This paper analyzes the effects of land market restrictions on the rural labor market outcomes for women. The existing literature emphasizes two mechanisms through which land restrictions can affect the economic outcomes: the collateral value of land, and (in) security of property rights. Analysis of this paper focuses on an alternative mechanism where land restrictions increase costs of migration out of villages. The testable prediction of collateral effect is that both wages and labor force participation move in the same direction, and insecurity of property rights reduces labor force participation and increases wages. In contrast, if land restrictions work primarily through higher migration costs, labor force participation increases, while wages decline. For identification, this paper exploits a natural experiment in Sri Lanka where historical malaria played a unique role in land policy. This paper provides robust evidence of a positive effect of land restrictions on women's labor force participation, but a negative effect on female wages. The empirical results thus contradict a collateral or insecure property rights effect, but support migration costs as the primary mechanism
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Emran, M. Shahe Land Market Restrictions, Women's Labor Force Participation, and Wages in a Rural Economy Washington, D.C : The World Bank, 2015
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7524
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Agricultural Productivity and Non-Farm Employment : Evidence from Bangladesh (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048269608
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (37 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Content: This paper provides evidence on the impacts of agricultural productivity on employment growth and structural transformation of non-farm activities. To guide the empirical work, this paper develops a general equilibrium model that emphasizes distinctions among non-farm activities in terms of tradable-non-tradable and the formal-informal characteristics. The model shows that when a significant portion of village income is spent on town/urban goods, restricting empirical analysis to the village sample leads to underestimation of agriculture's role in employment growth and transformation of non-farm activities. Using rainfall as an instrument for agricultural productivity, empirical analysis finds a significant positive effect of agricultural productivity growth on growth of informal (small-scale) manufacturing and skilled services employment, mainly in education and health services. For formal employment, the effect of agricultural productivity growth on employment is found to be largest in the samples that include urban areas and rural towns compared with rural areas alone. Agricultural productivity growth is found to induce structural transformation within the services sector with employment in formal/skilled services growing at a faster pace than that of low skilled services
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Shilpi, Forhad Agricultural Productivity and Non-Farm Employment : Evidence from Bangladesh Washington, D.C : The World Bank, 2016
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7685
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Understanding the Sources of Spatial Disparity and Convergence : Evidence from Bangladesh (2013)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048265953
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (43 p)
    Content: This paper utilizes the mixed effects model to measure and decompose spatial disparity in per capita expenditure in Bangladesh between 2000 and 2010. It finds a significant decline in spatial disparity in urban areas and the country as a whole but no substantial change in rural areas. The decomposition analysis indicates that average years of education, the percentage of households with electricity connections, and phone ownership account for most of the spatial variations in welfare. Spatial convergence in urban areas can be explained primarily by the expansion of electricity and phone networks for household use. Improved access to these services had little effect on spatial disparity in rural areas. This paper offers several explanations for the difference in convergence rates between urban and rural areas
    Additional Edition: Shilpi, Forhad Understanding the Sources of Spatial Disparity and Convergence
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6519
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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