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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank, International Economics Department, International Economic Analysis and Prospects Division
    UID:
    b3kat_BV049077155
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (37 Seiten) , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 1410
    Note: "January 1995"--Cover , Includes bibliographical references (p. 36-37)
    Additional Edition: Spatafora, Nikola Macroeconomic effects of terms-of-trade shocks
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 2
    UID:
    b3kat_BV040618309
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (1 online resource (42 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausgabe World Bank E-Library Archive Sonstige Standardnummer des Gesamttitels: 041181-4
    Content: Recorded workers 'remittances to developing countries have grown rapidly, to more than
    Note: Weitere Ausgabe: Freund, Caroline: Remittances
    Additional Edition: Reproduktion von Freund, Caroline L. Remittances 2005
    Language: English
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  • 3
    UID:
    b3kat_BV049074920
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (42 Seiten))
    Edition: Online-Ausg
    Content: Recorded workers 'remittances to developing countries have grown rapidly, to more than
    Additional Edition: Freund, Caroline Remittances
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 4
    UID:
    edocfu_9958072908202883
    Format: 1 online resource (41 p.)
    ISBN: 1-4623-7399-2 , 1-4527-3095-4 , 1-282-60665-4 , 9786613822703 , 1-4519-1127-0
    Series Statement: IMF working paper ; WP/06/295
    Content: This paper studies the effects of demand and supply shocks in the global crude oil market on several measures of countries' external balance, including the oil and non-oil trade balances, the current account, and changes in net foreign assets (NFA) during 1975-2004. We explicitly take a global perspective. In addition to the U.S., the Euro area and Japan, we consider a number of country groups including oil exporters and middle-income oil-importing economies. We find that the effect of oil shocks on the merchandise trade balance and the current account, which depending on the source of the shock can be large, depends critically on the response of the nonoil trade balance, and differs systematically between the U.S. and other oil importing countries. Using the Lane-Milesi-Ferretti NFA data set, we document the presence of large and systematic (if not always statistically significant) valuation effects in response to oil shocks, not only for the U.S., but also for other oil-importing economies and for oil exporters. Our estimates suggest that increased international financial integration will tend to cushion the effect of oil shocks on NFA positions for major oil exporters and the U.S., but may amplify it for other oil importers.
    Note: "May 2007". , Contents; I. INTRODUCTION; II. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND; III. EMPIRICAL METHODOLOGY; A. Construction of the Demand and Supply Shocks in the Crude Oil Market; B. Estimation of the Dynamic Effects; IV. DATA; V. RESULTS; A. Impulse Responses; B. Oil Exporters; C. High-Income Oil-Importing Economies; D. Oil Trade Balance; E. Non-oil Trade Balance; F. Trade Balance; G. Capital Gains; H. Current Account and Change in NFA; Middle-Income Oil-Importing Economies; Latin America versus Emerging Asia; Summary; Historical Decompositions; VI. CONCLUSIONS; References; Data Appendix; A. Variable List , B. Country groupings: , English
    Additional Edition: ISBN 1-4518-6674-7
    Language: English
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C. :International Monetary Fund,
    UID:
    edocfu_9958090051702883
    Format: 1 online resource (35 p.)
    ISBN: 1-4843-8181-5 , 1-4843-7829-6 , 1-4843-9087-3
    Series Statement: IMF working paper ; WP/13/108
    Content: This paper develops new, far more extensive estimates of export quality, covering 178 countries and hundreds of products over 1962–2010. Quality upgrading is particularly rapid during the early stages of development, with quality convergence largely completed as a country reaches upper middle-income status. There is significant cross-country heterogeneity in quality growth rates. Within any given product line, quality converges both conditionally and unconditionally to the world frontier; increases in institutional quality and human capital are associated with faster quality upgrading. In turn, faster growth in quality is associated with more rapid output growth. The evidence suggests that quality upgrading is best encouraged through a broadly conducive domestic environment, rather than sector-specific policies. Diversification is important to create new upgrading opportunities.
    Note: Description based upon print version of record. , Cover; Contents; I. Introduction; II. Estimating Product Quality: Methodology and Data; III. Export Quality: Stylized Facts; A. Comparison of Quality Estimates with Unit Values; B. Export Quality over Time: Examples from Specific Sectors; C. Quality Ladders: Potential for Quality Upgrading; D. Export Quality Along the Development Path; E. Quality Upgrading by Income Group and Region; IV. Determinants of Quality Upgrading; V. Conclusion and Policy Implications; References; Table 1. Imports: Quality-Augmented Gravity Equations; Table 2. Quality Upgrading: Summary Statistics for Data , Table 3. Quality Upgrading: Panel Regressions, for All ProductsTable 4. Quality Upgrading: Panel Regressions, for Manufacturing Alone; Figure 1. Quality and Unit Values; Figure 2. Changes in Quality and Changes in Unit Values; Figure 3. Quality and Unit Values for Passenger Motor Cars Exports (SITC 7321); Figure 4. Quality and Unit Values for Apparel Exports (SITC 84); Figure 5. Quality Ladders; Figure 6. Quality, Unit Values, and GDP per capita; Figure 7. Quality in Agriculture and Manufacturing; Figure 8. Quality, Unit Values, and GDP per capita: Within-Country Variation , Figure 9. Export Quality by Income Group over TimeFigure 10. Quality Upgrading by Region; Figure 11. Country-level Heterogeneity in Quality Upgrading in Asia and Africa; Figure 12. Quality Upgrading and Destination Markets , English
    Additional Edition: ISBN 1-4843-5163-0
    Additional Edition: ISBN 1-299-66146-7
    Language: English
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C. :International Monetary Fund, Research Dept.,
    UID:
    edocfu_9958098502302883
    Format: 1 online resource (48 p.)
    ISBN: 1-4623-8408-0 , 1-4527-7231-2 , 1-283-51718-3 , 1-4519-1147-5 , 9786613829634
    Series Statement: IMF working paper ; WP/07/130
    Content: This paper undertakes a cross-country analysis of productivity growth at both the aggregate and sectoral level. It finds that Asia's remarkable output growth over the past 40 years reflected both high investment, and rapid productivity increases. These factors were in turn supported by the region's relatively strong institutional and policy environment, which encouraged resource shifts from low- to high-productivity sectors. Looking ahead, sustaining rapid growth requires meeting a number of key challenges: (i) implementing reforms to boost productivity in the increasingly important, but currently lagging, service sectors; (ii) providing policy support for continuing the shift of resources from agriculture to industry and services; (iii) strengthening policy frameworks in late-developing countries.
    Note: "June 2007." , Contents; I. Introduction; II. Asia's Economic Success; III. Perspiration or Inspiration?; IV. Sectoral Effects: Cross-Sector Shifts or Within-Sector Growth?; A. Across Agriculture, Industry, and Services; Sectoral composition and its evolution; Trends in productivity levels and productivity growth rates; Sectoral decomposition of productivity growth; V. Within Manufacturing; VI. Policy Determinants of Productivity Growth; VII. The Asian Story; VIII. Conclusions; References; Tables , 1. Determinants of Productivity Growth and Intersectoral Labor Shifts: Cross-Country OLS Regressions, Excluding Institutions and Investment Climate2. Determinants of Productivity Growth and Intersectoral Labor Shifts: Cross-Country OLS Regressions, Including Institutions and Investment Climate; 3. Determinants of Productivity Growth and Intersectoral Labor Shifts: Cross-Country Decade Average SUR Regressions, Excluding Institutions and Investment Climate.......... , 4. Determinants of Productivity Growth and Intersectoral Labor Shifts: Cross-Country Decade Average SUR Regressions, Including Institutions and Investment ClimateFigures; 1. Output Per Capita; 2. Selected Indicators; 3. Growth Decompositions; 4. Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) Investment and Labor Productivity Growth, 1989-2005; 5. Sectoral Shares of Value Added and Employment for Asia; 6. Sectoral Shares of Employment Over Time; 7. Relative Labor Productivity of Non-Agricultural Sectors Over Time; 8. Productivity Growth by Sector , 9. Sectoral Productivity Growth Since Takeoff10. Contributions to Average Labor Productivity Growth Differentials with the United States; 11. Skill-Intensive Manufacturing Sectors: Employment and Value-Added Shares; 12. Employment Share of Skill Intensive Sectors Over Time; 13. Productivity Growth by Sector; 14. Contributions to Average Manufacturing Productivity Growth Differential with the United States; 15. Global Determinants of Productivity Growth, 1965-2005; 16. Regional Determinants of Productivity Growth, 1965-2005; 17. Detailed Contributions to Productivity Growth , English
    Additional Edition: ISBN 1-4518-6694-1
    Language: English
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C.] :International Monetary Fund, Europeam II Department,
    UID:
    edocfu_9958061616702883
    Format: 1 online resource (19 p.)
    ISBN: 1-4623-4075-X , 1-4527-8245-8 , 1-282-55362-3 , 1-4519-0690-0 , 9786613822208
    Series Statement: IMF working paper ; WP/03/93
    Content: Drawing on the existing literature, I estimate a long-run equilibrium real exchange rate path for Algeria. I find that the Balassa-Samuelson effect together with real oil prices explain the long-run evolution of the equilibrium real exchange rate in Algeria. The half-life of the deviation of the real exchange rate from the estimated equilibrium level is about nine months, similar to that in other commodity-exporting countries. The general conclusions are that: (i) there is a time-varying long-run equilibrium exchange rate in Algeria as in other commodity-exporting countries; and (ii) the real effective exchange rate of the Algerian dinar at end-2003 was broadly in line with this equilibrium.
    Note: "May 2003". , ""Contents""; ""I. INTRODUCTION ""; ""II. DEVELOPMENTS IN THE ALGERIAN EXCHANGE RATE REGIME""; ""III. REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE""; ""IV. DETERMINATION OF THE EQUILIBRIUM REAL EXCHANGE RATE IN ALGERIA""; ""V. CONCLUSIONS""; ""References"" , English
    Additional Edition: ISBN 1-4518-6154-0
    Language: English
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  • 8
    UID:
    edocfu_9958078116402883
    Format: 34 p. : , ill.
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 1-4623-3659-0 , 9786612844119 , 1-282-84411-3 , 1-4518-7352-2 , 1-4527-3896-3
    Series Statement: IMF working paper ; WP/09/205
    Content: We compile a historical dataset covering nearly 40 years of booms and busts in the commodity terms of trade of over 150 countries. We discuss the characteristics of these events and their effects on macroeconomic performance and, in particular, compare the most recent commodity-price cycle with its historical precedents.
    Note: "September 2009." , Intro -- Contents -- I. Introduction -- II. The Commodity Terms of Trade -- III. Identifying Commodity Booms and Busts -- IV. The Consequences of Commodity Booms and Busts -- V. Conclusions -- VI. References -- Tables -- 1. The Distribution of Booms Across Periods and Regions: Some Summary Statistics -- 2. The Distributions of Busts Across Periods and Regions: Some Summary Statistics -- 3. Descriptive Tests of Amplitude and Duration of Booms and Busts -- 4. The Most Recent Episodes of Booms and Busts -- 5. Macroeconomic Performance During Booms and Busts -- 6. Comparative Tests of Macroeconomic Performance During Booms and Busts -- 7. Macroeconomic Performance in the Latest Boom Relative to the Past -- Figures -- 1. Commodity Price Aggregates -- 2. Commodity Terms of Trade -- 3. Commodity Terms of Trade by Region -- 4. Commodity Terms of Trade: Fuel Exporters -- 5. Commodity Terms of Trade: Non-Fuel Commodity Exporters -- 6. Commodity Terms of Trade: Other Countries -- 7. Commodity Prices and Terms of Trade: Venezuela -- 8. Commodity Prices and Terms of Trade Papua New Guinea -- 9. Commodity Prices and Terms of Trade Mauritius -- 10. The Number of Countries Experiencing Booms and Busts in the Commodity Terms of Trade. , English
    Additional Edition: ISBN 1-4519-1774-0
    Language: English
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  • 9
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048269759
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (33 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Content: Economic development critically involves diversification and structural transformation-that is, the continued, dynamic reallocation of resources from less productive to more productive sectors and activities. This paper documents that, over an extended period, developing Asia has on average been particularly successful in diversifying its exports, particularly in comparison with Sub-Saharan Africa. Much of the progress has occurred through diversification along the 'extensive margin', that is, through entry into completely new products. In addition, developing Asia has on average benefited significantly from quality upgrading, helping it capitalize on already existing comparative advantages. Yet, agricultural and natural resources tend to have lower potential for quality upgrading than manufactures. Therefore, for lower-income "frontier" countries, diversification into products with longer "quality ladders" may be a necessary first step before large gains from quality improvement can be reaped
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Papageorgiou, Chris Diversification, Growth, and Volatility in Asia Washington, D.C : The World Bank, 2015
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 10
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048269957
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (42 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Content: This paper develops new estimates of export quality, based on bilateral data, which are far more extensive than previous efforts. The data cover 166 countries and hundreds of products over 1962-2014. The analysis finds that quality upgrading is particularly rapid during the early stages of development. There is significant cross-country heterogeneity in the growth rate of quality. Within any given product line, quality converges over time to the world frontier. Institutional quality, liberal trade policies, foreign direct investment inflows, and human capital all promote quality upgrading, although their impacts vary across sectors. The results suggest that reducing barriers to entry into new sectors can allow economies to benefit from rapid quality convergence over time
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Henn, Christian Export Quality in Advanced and Developing Economies: Evidence from a New Data Set Washington, D.C : The World Bank, 2017
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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