Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

UID:

Format: 67 S.

Edition: Čāp-i 2

Original writing edition: چاپ ۲

Original writing title: حضور آبی مینا

Original writing person/organisation: طباطبایی, ناهید

Original writing publisher: تهران : نشر چشمه

ISBN: 964-92212-1-2

Note: Text pers.

Language: Persian

Subjects: Comparative Studies. Non-European Languages/Literatures

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Format: 55 S. , graph. Darst. , 22 cm

Series Statement: Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research 13379

Content: This paper investigates the reasons for discrepancies between the pension plan type reported by respondents to the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and pension plan type obtained from documents produced by their employers, called Summary Plan Descriptions (SPDs). The analysis suggests the discrepancies are sizable and are mainly due to misreports by respondents. Discrepancies between respondent and firm reports of plan type are first documented for different years and from different data sources. Changes over time in respondent and firm reports are analyzed for those who say their plans did not change. Plan type from payroll data produced by Watson Wyatt, a pension consulting company, is examined and compared to respondent reports for employees covered by Watson Wyatt plans. The Watson Wyatt payroll data report plan type without error, and yet we find the patterns of discrepancies between respondent and firm provided data are the same as for the HRS employer and respondent data. We also explore other evidence gathered by the HRS in the course of interviews and various experiments. Our findings that errors are mainly the result of misreporting by respondents, together with findings from experiments, suggest a number of changes in survey design that can help to reduce reporting error. They also suggest that models of retirement and saving behavior should allow for imperfect knowledge by decision makers

Note: Literaturverz. S. 48

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe

Language: English

URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)

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Format: 1 online resource: , illustrations (black and white);

Series Statement: NBER working paper series no. w15435

Content: This paper investigates the effect of the current recession on the near-retirement age population. Data from the Health and Retirement Study suggest that those approaching retirement age (early boomers ages 53 to 58 in 2006) have only 15.2 percent of their wealth in stocks, held directly or in defined contribution plans or IRAs. Their vulnerability to a stock market decline is limited by the high value of their Social Security wealth, which represents over a quarter of the total household wealth of the early boomers. In addition, their defined contribution plans remain immature, so their defined benefit plans represent sixty five percent of their pension wealth. Simulations with a structural retirement model suggest the stock market decline will lead the early boomers to postpone their retirement by only 1.5 months on average. Health and Retirement Study data also show that those approaching retirement are not likely to be greatly or immediately affected by the decline in housing prices. We end with a discussion of important difficulties facing those who would use labor market policies to increase the employment of older workers.

Note: October 2009.

Language: English

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Format: 1 online resource: , illustrations (black and white);

Series Statement: NBER working paper series no. w16501

Content: This paper investigates how increases in the level of maximum earnings subject to the Social Security payroll tax have affected Social Security benefits and taxes. The analysis uses data from the Health and Retirement Study to ask how different the present value of own benefits and taxes would be for the cohort born from 1948 to 1953 (ages 51 to 56 in 2004) if they faced the lower cap on the payroll tax that faced those born twelve and twenty four years earlier, but otherwise had the same earnings stream and faced the same benefit formula. We find that for those in the Early Boomer cohort of the Health and Retirement Study, ages 51 to 56 in 2004, that after adjusting for nominal wage growth, benefits were increased by 1.5 percent by the increase in the payroll tax ceiling compared to the cohort twelve years older, and by 3.7 percent over the benefits under the payroll tax ceiling for the cohort twenty four years older. Tax receipts were increased by 5.3 and 10.7 percent over tax receipts that would have been collected under the tax ceilings that applied to the cohorts 12 and 24 years older respectively. About 25 percent of the additional tax revenues created by the increase in the payroll tax cap between the Early Boomer cohort and those twelve years older was diverted to increased benefits. Similarly, about 31 percent of the additional tax revenues created by the increase in the payroll tax cap between the Early Boomer cohort and those twenty four years older took the form of increased benefits. Results are also presented separately for men and women, for those in the top quartile of earners, and for those at the tax ceiling throughout their work lives.

Note: October 2010.

Language: English

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Format: 1 online resource: , illustrations (black and white);

Series Statement: NBER working paper series no. w17439

Content: Studies using data from the early 1990s suggested that while the progressive Social Security benefit formula succeeded in redistributing benefits from individuals with high earnings to individuals with low earnings, it was much less successful in redistributing benefits from households with high earnings to households with low earnings. Wives often earned much less than their husbands. As a result, much of the redistribution at the individual level was effectively from high earning husbands to their own lower earning wives. In addition, spouse and survivor benefits accrue disproportionately to women from high income households. Both factors mitigate redistribution at the household level.

Content: This paper compares outcomes for the earlier cohort with those of a cohort born twelve years later. The aim of the study is to see whether, after the recent growth in two earner households, and the growth in women's labor market activity and earnings, the Social Security system now fosters somewhat more redistribution from high to low earning households. The analysis is based on data from the Health and Retirement Study and includes members of households with at least one person age 51 to 56 in either 1992 or in 2004.

Content: As expected, women enjoyed a more rapid growth of labor force participation, hours of work and covered earnings than men. This increased the redistribution of Social Security benefits among households. Nevertheless, a considerable gap remains between the labor market activities and earnings of women versus men. As a result, the Social Security system remains much less successful in redistributing benefits from households with high covered earnings to those with lower covered earnings than in redistributing benefits from individuals with high covered earnings to those with lower covered earnings.

Note: September 2011.

Language: English

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Format: 1 online resource (235 p.)

ISBN: 9781685857219

Content: This collection of stories by contemporary Iranian women writers addresses issues of life and politics in Iran while exploring innovative literary styles and structures.

Note: Frontmatter -- , Contents -- , Acknowledgments -- , Introduction -- , PART ONE TRAVEL IN THE LINE OF TIME -- , I Came to Have Tea with My Daughter -- , The Absent Soldier -- , Contrary to Democracy -- , Cling to Life with Your Whole Body -- , Love and Scream -- , The End, a City -- , Smile! -- , Disappearance of an Ordinary Woman -- , The Fin Garden of Kashan -- , PART TWO IMPREGNATING THE BARREN LINE OF TIME -- , Sour Cherry Pits -- , The Pool -- , One Woman, One Love -- , That Day -- , Butterflies -- , Lida’s Cat, the Bakery, and the Streetlight Pole -- , PART THREE AWARE OF THE IMAGE -- , The Lark -- , My Mother, Behind the Glass -- , Downfall -- , War Letters -- , Refugee -- , The Bitter Life of Shirin -- , The Contributors -- , About the Book , In English.

Language: English

DOI: 10.1515/9781685857219

URL: https://doi.org/10.1515/9781685857219

URL: https://www.degruyter.com/isbn/9781685857219

URL: https://doi.org/10.1515/9781685857219

URL: https://www.degruyter.com/isbn/9781685857219

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Format: 1 online resource (400 p.)

ISBN: 9780674056466

Content: This book presents a careful analysis of pension data collected by the Health and Retirement Study, a unique survey of people over the age of fifty conducted by the University of Michigan for the National Institute on Aging. The authors studied pensions as they evolve over individuals’ work lives and into retirement: how pension coverage and plans change over a lifetime, how many pensions workers have by the time they retire and what these pensions are worth, what pensions contribute to individual retirement incomes, and how trends and policy changes affect retirement plans. The book focuses on the major features of pensions, including plan type and participation, ages of eligibility for retirement, values of different pension types, how pension values are influenced by retirement age, how plans are settled when a worker leaves a firm, how well people understand their pensions, the importance of pensions in retirement saving and as a share of household wealth, and the vulnerability of the retirement age population to the current financial crisis. This book provides readers with an invaluable look at the crucial but ever-changing role of pensions in supporting retirees.

Note: Frontmatter -- , Contents -- , Tables and Figures -- , Preface -- , Abbreviations -- , 1 Introduction -- , 2 Theories Explaining Pensions -- , 3 Employment and Retirement in the Health and Retirement Study -- , 4 Pension Data in the Health and Retirement Study -- , 5 Pension Plan Participation in the Health and Retirement Study -- , 6 Pension Plan Type -- , 7 Imperfect Knowledge of Pension Plan Type -- , 8 Pension Retirement Ages -- , 9 Pension Values -- , 10 Retirement Incentives from Defined Benefit Pensions -- , 11 Disposition of Pensions upon Leaving a Job and Pension Incomes in Retirement -- , 12 The Changing Role of Pensions in Total Wealth -- , 13 Conclusions -- , Appendix: Constructed Files -- , Notes -- , References -- , Index , In English.

Language: English

DOI: 10.4159/9780674056466

URL: Co-access DOI click Walter de Gruyter

URL: https://www.degruyter.com/isbn/9780674056466

URL: Co-access DOI click Walter de Gruyter

URL: https://www.degruyter.com/isbn/9780674056466

UID:

Format: 1 online resource: , illustrations (black and white);

Series Statement: NBER working paper series no. w13379

Content: This paper investigates the reasons for discrepancies between the pension plan type reported by respondents to the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and pension plan type obtained from documents produced by their employers, called Summary Plan Descriptions (SPDs). The analysis suggests the discrepancies are sizable and are mainly due to misreports by respondents. Discrepancies between respondent and firm reports of plan type are first documented for different years and from different data sources. Changes over time in respondent and firm reports are analyzed for those who say their plans did not change. Plan type from payroll data produced by Watson Wyatt, a pension consulting company, is examined and compared to respondent reports for employees covered by Watson Wyatt plans. The Watson Wyatt payroll data report plan type without error, and yet we find the patterns of discrepancies between respondent and firm provided data are the same as for the HRS employer and respondent data. We also explore other evidence gathered by the HRS in the course of interviews and various experiments. Our findings that errors are mainly the result of misreporting by respondents, together with findings from experiments, suggest a number of changes in survey design that can help to reduce reporting error. They also suggest that models of retirement and saving behavior should allow for imperfect knowledge by decision makers.

Note: September 2007.

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource: , illustrations (black and white);

Series Statement: NBER working paper series no. w16500

Content: This paper uses data from the Health and Retirement Study to explore the mechanism that underlies the robust relation found in the literature between cognitive ability, and in particular numeracy, and wealth, income constant. We have a number of findings. First, the more valuable the pension, the more knowledgeable are covered workers about their pensions. We suggest that causality is more likely to run from pension wealth to pension knowledge, rather than the other way around. Second, most measures of cognitive ability, including numeracy, are not significant determinants of pension and Social Security knowledge. Third, standardizing for incomes and other factors, a pension of higher value does not substitute for other forms of wealth. Rather, counting pensions in total wealth, those with more valuable pensions save more for retirement, other things the same. Fourth, there is no evidence that wealth held outside of pensions is influenced by knowledge of pensions.

Content: In sum, numeracy does not influence wealth in whole or in part by affecting financial knowledge of one's pension plan, where financial knowledge of the pension then influences other decisions about retirement saving.

Content: These findings raise questions about the mechanism that underlies the relation between cognition, especially numeracy, and wealth. From a policy perspective, they suggest that the numeracy-wealth relation should not be taken as evidence that increasing financial literacy will increase the wealth of households as they enter into retirement.

Note: October 2010.

Language: English