UID:
almahu_9947420906602882
Format:
1 online resource (2253 p.)
Edition:
4th ed.
ISBN:
0-323-37018-7
Uniform Title:
Clinical radiation oncology (Gunderson)
Content:
Radiation oncology for physicians and residents needing a multidisciplinary, treatment-focused resource; this updated edition provides the latest knowledge in this consistently growing field. You will broaden your understanding of the basic biology of disease processes, and access updated treatment algorithms, information on techniques, and state-of-the-art modalities.
Note:
Description based upon print version of record.
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Front cover -- Inside front cover -- Half title page -- Associate Editors -- Clinical radiation Oncology -- Copyright page -- Dedication -- Contributors -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Table of Contents -- Video Contents -- I Scientifi c Foundations of Radiation Oncology -- A Radiobiology -- 1 The Biological Basis of Radiation Oncology -- What Is Radiation Biology? -- Radiotherapy-Oriented Radiobiology: A Conceptual Framework -- The Therapeutic Ratio -- The Radiation Biology "Continuum" -- Levels of Complexity in Radiobiological Systems -- Tissue Heterogeneity -- Powers of Ten -- Radiation Biology and Therapy: The First 50 Years -- The Golden Age of Radiation Biology and Therapy: The Second 50 Years -- The Interaction of Ionizing Radiation with Biological Materials -- Biochemical Repair of DNA Damage -- Base Excision Repair -- Nucleotide Excision Repair -- Single-Stranded Break Repair -- Double-Stranded Break Repair -- Mismatch Repair -- The DDR as a Clinical Target -- Cytogenetic Effects of Ionizing Radiation -- Cell Survival Curves and Survival Curve Theory -- What Is Cell Death? -- Cell Survival and Dose-Response Curve Models -- Clonogenic Assays In Vitro -- Clonogenic Assays In Vivo -- Nonclonogenic Assays In Vivo -- Cellular Repair: Sublethal and Potentially Lethal Damage Recovery -- Repair in Tissues -- Ionizing Radiation and the Cell Cycle -- Methodology -- Age Response Through the Cell Cycle -- Radiation-Induced Cell Cycle Blocks and Delays -- Redistribution in Tissues -- Densely Ionizing Radiation -- Linear Energy Transfer (LET) -- Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE) -- Factors That Influence RBE -- The Oxygen Effect -- Mechanistic Aspects of the Oxygen Effect -- Reoxygenation in Tumors -- Measurement of Hypoxia in Human Tumors -- Radiosensitizers, Radioprotectors, and Bioreductive Drugs -- Radiosensitizers.
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Hypoxic Cell Radiosensitizers -- Bioreductive Drugs -- Proliferating Cell Radiosensitizers -- Chemotherapy Drugs as Radiosensitizers -- Normal Tissue Radioprotectors -- Clinical Radiobiology -- Growth Kinetics of Normal Tissues and Tumors -- Descriptive Classification Systems -- Growth Kinetic Parameters and Methodologies -- Growth Fraction -- Cell Cycle and Volume Doubling Times -- Cell Loss Factor -- Potential Doubling Time and Effective Doubling Time -- Repopulation in Tumors and Normal Tissues -- Early and Late Effects in Normal Tissues -- Early versus Late -- Whole-Body Radiation Syndromes -- The Prodromal Syndrome -- The Cerebrovascular Syndrome -- The Gastrointestinal Syndrome -- The Hematopoietic Syndrome -- Teratogenesis -- Radiation-Induced Cataracts -- Radiation Carcinogenesis -- Laboratory Studies -- Epidemiological Studies in Humans -- Carcinogenic Risk from Prenatal Irradiation -- Carcinogenic Risk from Medical Imaging Procedures -- Early and Late Effects Following Radiotherapy -- Molecular Cascades and Cytokines -- Functional Subunits and Volume Effects -- Reirradiation Tolerance -- Radiation-Induced Second Malignancies -- Dose Rate and Dose Fractionation Effects -- Time-Dose-Fractionation Relationships -- The NSD Model -- The Linear-Quadratic Isoeffect Model -- Clinical Applications of the Linear Quadratic Isoeffect Model -- Radiation Biology in the 21st Century -- Critical References -- References -- 2 Molecular and Cellular Biology -- Essential Steps in Tumor Progression -- Radiation Therapy and Radiation Biology -- DNA Double-Stranded Break Response -- Mechanisms of Cell Cycle Arrest: The Cell Cycle and Checkpoints -- TP53: Cellular Triage after Ionizing Radiation Exposure -- ATM Gene: Master Regulator of the DNA Double-Stranded Break Response -- Histones and Chromatin Structure -- Mechanisms of DNA Repair after Ionizing Radiation.
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DNA Strand Breaks -- Double-Stranded Break Damage and Repair -- Pathways of Ionizing Radiation-Induced Programmed Cell Death -- Replicative Senescence -- Activation of Anabolic Signaling Pathways by Ionizing Radiation -- Radiation and the RNA World -- Tumor Microenvironment and Responses to Ionizing Radiation in Vivo -- Hypoxia, Microenvironment, and Radiation Response -- Tumor Angiogenesis -- Radiation and the Cell Biology of Cancer -- Targeting Molecular Pathways in the Radiation Response: Discovery of New Drugs -- Normal Tissues -- Basic Concepts and Techniques of Radiation Sciences -- Summary -- Critical References -- References -- 3 Dose-Response Modifiers in Radiation Therapy -- The Hypoxia Problem -- Importance of Oxygen -- Evidence for Hypoxia in Tumors -- Overcoming Tumor Hypoxia -- High-Oxygen-Content Gas Breathing -- Hypoxic Cell Radiosensitizers -- Dose Modification Based on Hemoglobin -- Changing Oxygen Consumption -- Dealing with the Problem of Fluctuating (Acute) Hypoxia -- Bioreductive Drugs -- Vascular Targeting Agents -- Angiogenesis Inhibitors -- Vascular Disrupting Agents -- Radiation Protectors -- Sulfhydryl-Containing Compounds -- Modifiers of the Oxygen Supply -- Other Radioprotectors -- Summary -- Critical References -- References -- 4 Interaction of Chemotherapy and Radiation -- Historical Perspective -- 5-Fluorouracil -- Rationale -- Limitations in Current Therapeutic Approach -- Tumor Detection -- Inherent and Acquired Resistance -- Increased Toxicity -- Therapeutic Index -- Strategies to Improve Therapeutic Index -- Independent Toxicity -- Normal Tissue Protection -- Spatial Cooperation -- Enhanced Tumor Response (Cytotoxic Enhancement) -- Biological Cooperation -- Temporal Modulation -- Potential Biological Mechanisms of Drug Radiation Interaction -- Increasing Radiation Damage -- Inhibition of DNA Repair.
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Cell Cycle Effects -- Repopulation -- Hypoxia/Tumor Microenvironment -- Cell Death Pathway Effects -- Apoptosis -- Autophagy -- Necrosis -- Mitotic Catastrophe -- Analyzing Drug-Radiation Interaction -- Median Dose Effect Principle -- Chemotherapy and Radiation and Combinations of Cytotoxic Agents -- General Concepts -- From the Bench to the Clinic -- Therapeutic Benefits -- Chemotherapeutic Classes -- Antimetabolites -- Fluoropyrimidines: Fluorouracil, Fluorodeoxyuridine, and Capecitabine -- Gemcitabine -- Antifolates: Methotrexate, Trimetrexate, and Pemetrexed -- Alkylating Agents -- Nitrogen Mustard: Chlorambucil and Melphalan -- Oxazaphosporines: Cyclophosphamide and Ifosfamide -- Mitomycin C -- Triazenes: Procarbazine, Dacarbazine, and Temozolomide -- Nitrosoureas: BCNU, Methyl-CCNU, CCNU, and Streptozotocin -- Platinums: Cisplatin, Carboplatin, Oxiliplatin, and Satraplatin -- Microtubule Targeting -- Estramustine -- Vinca Alkaloids: Vincristine, Vinblastine, and Vinorelbine -- Taxanes: Paclitaxel, Docetaxel, and Albumin-Bound Paclitaxel -- Epothilones (Epothilone B, Aza-Epothione B [Ixabepilone]) -- Topoisomerase Inhibitors -- Topoisomerase I Inhibitors (Camptothecins-Irinotecan, Topotecan) -- Topoisomerase II Inhibitors -- Podophyllotoxins: Etoposide, Etoposide Phosphate, and Teniposide. -- Anthracyclines: Idarubicin, Doxorubicin, Epirubicin, and Daunorubicin. -- Others: Mitoxantrone and Dactinomycin. -- Chemoradiation Clinical Examples -- Gastrointestinal Cancers -- Anal Cancer -- Esophagus/Esophago-Gastric Junction -- Gastric -- Rectal -- Head and Neck Cancers -- Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma -- Cervical Cancer -- Genitourinary Cancer -- Glioblastoma -- Future Directions -- Molecular Prediction -- Genomics/Transcriptomics -- Proteomics -- Kinomics -- Patient-Derived Xenografts -- Summary -- Critical References -- References.
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5 Biologics and Their Interactions with Radiation -- Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Family Inhibitors -- Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Family Biology -- EGFR Family and Tumor Pathogenesis -- EGFR Family Inhibitors -- EGFR Family and Radiation Response -- Preclinical Studies of EGFR Family Inhibitors as Radiosensitizers -- Clinical Studies of EGFR Family Inhibitors as Radiosensitizers -- Angiogenesis Inhibitors -- Angiogenesis and Tumor Pathogenesis -- Angiogenesis Inhibitors -- Preclinical Studies of Angiogenesis Inhibitors as Radiosensitizers -- Clinical Studies of Angiogenesis Inhibitors as Radiosensitizers -- PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway, Inhibitors, and Radiosensitization -- DNA Repair Inhibitors: Focus on PARP -- PARP and DNA Repair -- CHK1 and WEE1 -- Immune Targeted Biologics -- Cancer and the Immune System -- CTLA-4 Inhibitors -- Ipilimumab, Radiation, and the Abscopal Effect -- PD-1 and PDL-1 Inhibitors -- Future Directions -- c-MET -- TGF-β -- Targeting Cancer Stem Cells -- Designing Clinical Trials -- Critical References -- References -- B Physics -- 6 Radiation Oncology Physics -- Matter and Physical Definitions -- Atomic and Nuclear Structure, Particles, and Nomenclature -- Nuclides and Radionuclides -- Photons and Other Definitions -- Radiation Production and Treatment Machines -- Radiation Production by Radioactive Decay -- Radiation Production by Linear Accelerators -- Radiation Production by Other Accelerators -- Interactions of Ionizing Radiation with Matter -- Photon Interactions -- Attenuation and Transmission -- Beam Quality -- Attenuation Coefficients -- Photon Interactions: X-Rays and Gamma Rays -- Coherent Scattering -- Photoelectric Effect -- Compton Effect -- Pair Production -- Photodisintegration -- Distribution of Secondary Electrons -- Total Attenuation Coefficient -- Total Absorption Coefficient.
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Summary of Photon Interactions.
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English
Additional Edition:
ISBN 0-323-24098-4
Language:
English
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