Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (307 pages) : , illustrations (some color), tables.

Edition: 1st ed.

ISBN: 0-12-804279-6 , 0-12-804324-5

Series Statement: Handbook of Clinical Neurology ; Volume 146

Note: "3rd series." , Front Cover -- Cerebrospinal fluid in neurologic disorders -- Copyright -- Handbook of Clinical Neurology 3rd Series -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contributors -- Contents -- Section I: General aspects -- Chapter 1: The use of cerebrospinal fluid in biomarker studies -- Introduction -- Definition of biomarkers and type of biomarkers -- Physiology of CSF -- Biomarker subtypes -- Proteins -- Metabolites -- Cell-free DNA -- Messenger RNA/micro RNA -- Exosomes -- Sample collection and biobanking: preanalytic variation -- Patient-related factors -- Age and sex -- Genetic background -- Circadian rhythm -- Coffee, chocolate, smoking, and alcohol consumption -- Preanalytic procedures -- Lumbar puncture -- Risk factors and recommendations in performing an LP -- Type of tube -- Evaporation -- Centrifugation speed and temperature -- Quality assessment of collection procedures -- Analytic aspects in CSF biomarker studies: assay development and validation -- Technical analysis: optimizing immunoassay validation and development of novel biomarkers -- Quality assessment of analytic procedures -- Matrix reference material -- Clinical study design in CSF biomarker studies -- Discussion: how to increase the number of novel biomarkers? -- Concluding remarks -- References -- Chapter 2: The cerebrospinal fluid and barriers - anatomic and physiologic considerations -- Introduction -- Physiology of CSF: what is CSF good for, where does it come from, how is it circulating, where does it go? -- Biologic function -- Sites of production -- Circulation -- Absorption -- Transfer mechanisms -- Barriers of the CNS compartment: what are the differences between BBB and BCB? -- The blood-brain barrier -- The blood-CSF barrier -- Anatomy of CSF spaces: which brain areas are reflected by CSF analysis?. , CSF constituents: which factors influence their concentration and what is their implication for CSF analysis? -- Circadian changes -- Site of sampling (lumbar vs. ventricular CSF) -- Volume of CSF sampled -- Physical activity and head movement -- Clearance via specific transporters -- Surgical intervention -- Concluding remarks -- References -- Chapter 3: More than a drainage fluid: the role of CSF in signaling in the brain and other effects on brain tissue -- The concept of volume transmission11Abbreviations used in the chapter are listed at the end of the chapter before References s -- The functional influence of CSF on brain cells -- Adult neurogenesis -- CSF-contacting neurons -- The functional contribution of CSF in pathologic CNS conditions -- Traumatic brain injury (TBI) -- Anti-NMDAR encephalopathy -- Brain aging and dementia -- Summary -- Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 4: Dosing, collection, and quality control issues in cerebrospinal fluid research using animal models -- Introduction -- CSF and brain interstitial fluid -- Comparative CSF physiology: species differences affecting CSF dosing and collection -- Dosing into CSF of rodents -- Collection of CSF and quality control in rodents -- CSF dosing and collection in nonhuman primates -- Translation -- Future developments -- Acknowledgments -- Note -- References -- Section II: Cerebrospinal fluid research in particular disease entities and its clinical context -- Chapter 5: Multiple sclerosis, and other demyelinating and autoimmune inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system -- Introduction -- Current knowledge of CSF molecular biomarkers in MS and NMO -- Multiple sclerosis -- Activation/inflammatory biomarkers -- IgG oligoclonal bands -- IgM oligoclonal bands -- Kappa free light chains -- CXCL13 -- CD163 -- Matrix metalloproteinase-9 -- Osteopontin -- Nitric oxide. , Neuroaxonal damage biomarkers -- Neurofilaments -- Tau protein -- 14-3-3 protein -- N-acetylaspartate -- Glial fibrillary acidic protein -- S100b protein -- Glutamate -- Chitinase 3-like 1 -- Remyelination -- Neural cell adhesion molecule -- Demyelination -- Myelin basic protein -- Neuromyelitis optica -- Activation/inflammatory markers -- CXCL13 -- Interleukin-6 (IL-6) -- Haptoglobin -- Neuroaxonal damage biomarkers -- GFAP -- S100b protein -- Anti-AQP-4 antibodies -- Potential use of CSF in clinical practice -- Future development and recommendations for biomarker studies in MS -- References -- Chapter 6: Cerebrospinal fluid in the dementias -- Introduction -- CSF Biomarkers for Alzheimer Disease -- Key molecular pathways involved -- CSF Aβ42 -- CSF T-tau -- CSF P-tau -- Diagnostic performance of combined CSF T-tau, P-tau, and Aβ42 tests -- Longitudinal changes in CSF AD biomarkers -- CSF markers of synapse loss -- CSF markers of microglial activation -- CSF Biomarkers for Vascular Dementia -- Key molecular pathways involved -- CSF markers of BBB impairment -- CSF markers of tissue remodeling -- CSF markers of white-matter injury -- Dementia with Lewy Bodies -- Key molecular pathways involved -- CSF α-synuclein -- CSF AD biomarkers in DLB -- Frontotemporal Dementia -- Key molecular pathways involved -- CSF NFL -- CSF TDP-43 -- CSF progranulin -- CSF AD biomarkers -- Standardization Efforts -- CSF Biomarker-Supported Diagnostic Criteria -- Concluding Remarks -- Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 7: Biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid for synucleinopathies, tauopathies, and other neurodegenerative disorders -- Introduction -- Parkinson disease -- Dementia with lewy bodies -- Multiple-system atrophy -- Progressive supranuclear palsy -- Corticobasal syndrome -- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis -- Huntington disease -- Ataxias. , Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease -- Narcolepsy -- Clinical trials -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8: Cerebrospinal fluid in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease -- Routine parameters -- Biomarker development -- 14-3-3 test -- Protein tau -- Abeta -- Molecular disease phenotype, genes, and CSF alterations in CJD -- PRNP codon 129 genotype -- APOE genotype -- Genetic prion diseases -- Role of in vitro protein misfolding amplification assays in prion disease diagnostics -- Development of further biomarkers in CJD: future directions -- α-synuclein -- Immunologic markers in prion diseases -- Proteomics: global alterations of CSF -- References -- Chapter 9: Cerebrospinal fluid findings in Guillain-Barré syndrome and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathies -- Introduction -- CSF findings in acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy -- CSF findings in miller fisher syndrome and bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis -- CSF findings in acute motor and acute motor-sensory axonal neuropathy -- CSF findings in rare acute inflammatory neuropathies -- CSF findings in chronic inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy -- CSF findings in atypical cidp: madsam (lewis-sumner syndrome) and dads-i -- CSF findings in multifocal motor neuropathy -- CSF findings in paraproteinemic neuropathies: canomad and poems -- CSF findings in vasculitic neuropathies -- References -- Chapter 10: Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of malignancies located in the central nervous system -- Introduction -- Gliomas -- Glioma-derived proteins -- Glioma-derived circulating-tumor DNA -- Glioma-derived RNAs -- Glioma-derived extracellular vesicles -- CNS metastases -- Proteins derived from CNS metastases -- Circulating tumor DNA derived from CNS metastases -- RNA derived from CNS metastases -- Circulating tumor cells derived from CNS metastases -- CNS involvement in hematologic cancers. , Proteins derived from hematologic cancers within CNS -- Cell-free DNA derived from hematologic cancers within CNS -- RNA derived from hematologic cancers within CNS -- Circulating tumor cells from hematologic cancers within CNS -- Pediatric CNS tumors -- Proteins derived from pediatric CNS malignancies -- Circulating tumor DNA derived from pediatric CNS malignancies -- RNA derived from pediatric CNS malignancies -- Circulating tumor cells derived from pediatric CNS malignancies -- Outlook -- References -- Chapter 11: Impaired cerebrospinal fluid pressure -- Idiopathic intracranial hypertension -- Introduction -- Clinical syndrome and diagnosis -- Headache -- Visual disturbances -- Olfactory disturbances -- Cognitive impairment -- Auditory symptoms -- Lumbar opening pressure -- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) -- Pathophysiology -- Transverse sinus stenoses -- Obesity -- Hormonal and other metabolic factors -- Treatment -- Weight reduction -- Pharmacologic treatment -- Acetazolamide -- Topiramate -- Furosemide -- Steroids -- Endovascular treatment -- Surgical CSF diversion procedures -- Optic nerve sheath fenestration -- Spontaneous intracranial hypotension -- Introduction -- Clinical syndrome and diagnosis -- Diagnostic neuroimaging -- Lumbar puncture -- Pathophysiology -- Treatment -- Conservative and pharmacologic strategies -- Epidural blood patch -- Surgical intervention -- Conflict of interest -- References -- Chapter 12: CSF in acute and chronic infectious diseases -- Introduction -- Acute infectious diseases of the nervous system -- Acute viral diseases of the nervous system -- Introduction -- Viral pathogens -- Epidemiology -- Pathogenesis and pathophysiology -- Clinical features -- Viral meningitis, meningoencephalitis, and encephalitis -- Diagnostic features -- Cerebrospinal fluid -- CSF analysis: cells and chemistry. , Virus isolation and culture.

Language: English

Keywords: Electronic books.

URL: Click to View

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (XII, 236 p. 67 illus., 34 illus. in color.)

Edition: 1st ed. 2021.

ISBN: 1-0716-1319-7

Series Statement: Neuromethods, 168

Content: This volume covers the latest methods used in clinical neurochemistry laboratories for both clinical practice and research. Chapters in this book discuss topics such as techniques for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collection, pre-analytical processing, and basic CSF analysis; an examination of biomarkers including ELISA and automated immunochemical assays for amyloid and tau markers for Alzheimer’s disease; the analysis of neurofilaments by digital ELISA; and an example of successful novel immunoassay development. In the Neuromethods series style, chapters include the kind of detail and key advice from the specialists needed to get successful results in your laboratory. Cutting-edge and thorough, Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers is a valuable resource for clinicians and researchers to use in CSF labs and CSF courses.

Note: CSF Cell: Cell Count, Cytomorphology, Cytology, and Immunophenotyping -- Nephelometry and Turbidimetry: Methods to Quantify Albumin and Immunoglobins Concentrations in Clinical Neurochemistry -- Oligoclonal Bands: Isoelectric Focusing and Immunoblotting, and Determination of Free Light Chains in the Cerebrospinal Fluid -- Abeta CSF LC-MS -- Immunoassay and Mass Spectrometry Methods for Tau Protein Quantification in the Cerebrospinal Fluid -- CSF RT-QuIC and the Diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease -- Lumbar Puncture: Consensus Guidelines -- Pre-Analytical Processing and Biobanking Protocol for CSF Samples -- Communicating Complex Results of Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis -- Method and Clinical Validation of Biomarkers for Neurodegenerative Diseases -- Sample Preparation for Proteomic Analysis of Cerebrospinal Fluid -- Brain Biomarkers: Follow Up of RNA Expression Discovery Approach – CSF Assays for Neurogranin, SNAP-25, and VILIP-1 -- Quantification of the Neurofilament Light Chain Protein by Single Molecule Array (Simoa) Array.

Additional Edition: ISBN 1-0716-1318-9

Language: English

Keywords: Llibres electrònics ; Llibres electrònics ; Llibres electrònics ; Llibres electrònics

DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1319-1

UID:

Format: 1 electronic resource (218 p.)

Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics

Content: Alzheimer disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by significant cognitive deficits, behavioral changes, sleep disorders and loss of functional autonomy. AD represents the main cause of dementia and has become a major public health issue. In addition, the number of patients suffering from AD is growing rapidly as the population ages worldwide. Memory impairment is usually the earliest clinical and core symptom of this disease. The diagnosis at a late clinical stage is relatively easy. However, a delay in the diagnosis is damageable for the handling of patients in terms of optimal medical and social care. The actual interest of the scientific head-ways is to optimize the diagnosis in prodromal stage of the disease and to propose personalized therapeutic solutions to individual patients. New revised AD diagnostic criteria include early alteration of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers: decrease of amyloïd peptides (Aß42), and increase in tau and phosphorylated-tau (p-tau) protein concentration. This recognition of CSF biological biomarkers for the diagnosis of AD is a major step towards the “molecular” diagnosis and follow-up of the disease. Many issues are however still subject of debate. This e-book provides a comprehensive overview of the state of the art of fluid biomarkers for AD, e.g. which novel biomarkers should be implemented in clinical practice for diagnosis or for monitoring treatment or side effects, which ones are new for AD or related dementias or what is the potential of peripheral blood markers. Moreover, the e-Book provides practical guidelines how to optimally and efficiently develop and validate novel biomarker assays, and to document and control pre-analytical variation.

Note: English

Additional Edition: ISBN 2-88945-041-4

Language: English

UID:

Format: xiv, 306 Seiten , Illustrationen , 27 cm

ISBN: 9780128042793 , 0128042796

Series Statement: Handbook of clinical neurology volume 146 = 3rd series

Note: Literaturangaben

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (307 pages) : , illustrations (some color), tables.

Edition: 1st ed.

ISBN: 0-12-804279-6 , 0-12-804324-5

Series Statement: Handbook of Clinical Neurology ; Volume 146

Note: "3rd series." , Front Cover -- Cerebrospinal fluid in neurologic disorders -- Copyright -- Handbook of Clinical Neurology 3rd Series -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contributors -- Contents -- Section I: General aspects -- Chapter 1: The use of cerebrospinal fluid in biomarker studies -- Introduction -- Definition of biomarkers and type of biomarkers -- Physiology of CSF -- Biomarker subtypes -- Proteins -- Metabolites -- Cell-free DNA -- Messenger RNA/micro RNA -- Exosomes -- Sample collection and biobanking: preanalytic variation -- Patient-related factors -- Age and sex -- Genetic background -- Circadian rhythm -- Coffee, chocolate, smoking, and alcohol consumption -- Preanalytic procedures -- Lumbar puncture -- Risk factors and recommendations in performing an LP -- Type of tube -- Evaporation -- Centrifugation speed and temperature -- Quality assessment of collection procedures -- Analytic aspects in CSF biomarker studies: assay development and validation -- Technical analysis: optimizing immunoassay validation and development of novel biomarkers -- Quality assessment of analytic procedures -- Matrix reference material -- Clinical study design in CSF biomarker studies -- Discussion: how to increase the number of novel biomarkers? -- Concluding remarks -- References -- Chapter 2: The cerebrospinal fluid and barriers - anatomic and physiologic considerations -- Introduction -- Physiology of CSF: what is CSF good for, where does it come from, how is it circulating, where does it go? -- Biologic function -- Sites of production -- Circulation -- Absorption -- Transfer mechanisms -- Barriers of the CNS compartment: what are the differences between BBB and BCB? -- The blood-brain barrier -- The blood-CSF barrier -- Anatomy of CSF spaces: which brain areas are reflected by CSF analysis?. , CSF constituents: which factors influence their concentration and what is their implication for CSF analysis? -- Circadian changes -- Site of sampling (lumbar vs. ventricular CSF) -- Volume of CSF sampled -- Physical activity and head movement -- Clearance via specific transporters -- Surgical intervention -- Concluding remarks -- References -- Chapter 3: More than a drainage fluid: the role of CSF in signaling in the brain and other effects on brain tissue -- The concept of volume transmission11Abbreviations used in the chapter are listed at the end of the chapter before References s -- The functional influence of CSF on brain cells -- Adult neurogenesis -- CSF-contacting neurons -- The functional contribution of CSF in pathologic CNS conditions -- Traumatic brain injury (TBI) -- Anti-NMDAR encephalopathy -- Brain aging and dementia -- Summary -- Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 4: Dosing, collection, and quality control issues in cerebrospinal fluid research using animal models -- Introduction -- CSF and brain interstitial fluid -- Comparative CSF physiology: species differences affecting CSF dosing and collection -- Dosing into CSF of rodents -- Collection of CSF and quality control in rodents -- CSF dosing and collection in nonhuman primates -- Translation -- Future developments -- Acknowledgments -- Note -- References -- Section II: Cerebrospinal fluid research in particular disease entities and its clinical context -- Chapter 5: Multiple sclerosis, and other demyelinating and autoimmune inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system -- Introduction -- Current knowledge of CSF molecular biomarkers in MS and NMO -- Multiple sclerosis -- Activation/inflammatory biomarkers -- IgG oligoclonal bands -- IgM oligoclonal bands -- Kappa free light chains -- CXCL13 -- CD163 -- Matrix metalloproteinase-9 -- Osteopontin -- Nitric oxide. , Neuroaxonal damage biomarkers -- Neurofilaments -- Tau protein -- 14-3-3 protein -- N-acetylaspartate -- Glial fibrillary acidic protein -- S100b protein -- Glutamate -- Chitinase 3-like 1 -- Remyelination -- Neural cell adhesion molecule -- Demyelination -- Myelin basic protein -- Neuromyelitis optica -- Activation/inflammatory markers -- CXCL13 -- Interleukin-6 (IL-6) -- Haptoglobin -- Neuroaxonal damage biomarkers -- GFAP -- S100b protein -- Anti-AQP-4 antibodies -- Potential use of CSF in clinical practice -- Future development and recommendations for biomarker studies in MS -- References -- Chapter 6: Cerebrospinal fluid in the dementias -- Introduction -- CSF Biomarkers for Alzheimer Disease -- Key molecular pathways involved -- CSF Aβ42 -- CSF T-tau -- CSF P-tau -- Diagnostic performance of combined CSF T-tau, P-tau, and Aβ42 tests -- Longitudinal changes in CSF AD biomarkers -- CSF markers of synapse loss -- CSF markers of microglial activation -- CSF Biomarkers for Vascular Dementia -- Key molecular pathways involved -- CSF markers of BBB impairment -- CSF markers of tissue remodeling -- CSF markers of white-matter injury -- Dementia with Lewy Bodies -- Key molecular pathways involved -- CSF α-synuclein -- CSF AD biomarkers in DLB -- Frontotemporal Dementia -- Key molecular pathways involved -- CSF NFL -- CSF TDP-43 -- CSF progranulin -- CSF AD biomarkers -- Standardization Efforts -- CSF Biomarker-Supported Diagnostic Criteria -- Concluding Remarks -- Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 7: Biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid for synucleinopathies, tauopathies, and other neurodegenerative disorders -- Introduction -- Parkinson disease -- Dementia with lewy bodies -- Multiple-system atrophy -- Progressive supranuclear palsy -- Corticobasal syndrome -- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis -- Huntington disease -- Ataxias. , Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease -- Narcolepsy -- Clinical trials -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8: Cerebrospinal fluid in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease -- Routine parameters -- Biomarker development -- 14-3-3 test -- Protein tau -- Abeta -- Molecular disease phenotype, genes, and CSF alterations in CJD -- PRNP codon 129 genotype -- APOE genotype -- Genetic prion diseases -- Role of in vitro protein misfolding amplification assays in prion disease diagnostics -- Development of further biomarkers in CJD: future directions -- α-synuclein -- Immunologic markers in prion diseases -- Proteomics: global alterations of CSF -- References -- Chapter 9: Cerebrospinal fluid findings in Guillain-Barré syndrome and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathies -- Introduction -- CSF findings in acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy -- CSF findings in miller fisher syndrome and bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis -- CSF findings in acute motor and acute motor-sensory axonal neuropathy -- CSF findings in rare acute inflammatory neuropathies -- CSF findings in chronic inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy -- CSF findings in atypical cidp: madsam (lewis-sumner syndrome) and dads-i -- CSF findings in multifocal motor neuropathy -- CSF findings in paraproteinemic neuropathies: canomad and poems -- CSF findings in vasculitic neuropathies -- References -- Chapter 10: Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of malignancies located in the central nervous system -- Introduction -- Gliomas -- Glioma-derived proteins -- Glioma-derived circulating-tumor DNA -- Glioma-derived RNAs -- Glioma-derived extracellular vesicles -- CNS metastases -- Proteins derived from CNS metastases -- Circulating tumor DNA derived from CNS metastases -- RNA derived from CNS metastases -- Circulating tumor cells derived from CNS metastases -- CNS involvement in hematologic cancers. , Proteins derived from hematologic cancers within CNS -- Cell-free DNA derived from hematologic cancers within CNS -- RNA derived from hematologic cancers within CNS -- Circulating tumor cells from hematologic cancers within CNS -- Pediatric CNS tumors -- Proteins derived from pediatric CNS malignancies -- Circulating tumor DNA derived from pediatric CNS malignancies -- RNA derived from pediatric CNS malignancies -- Circulating tumor cells derived from pediatric CNS malignancies -- Outlook -- References -- Chapter 11: Impaired cerebrospinal fluid pressure -- Idiopathic intracranial hypertension -- Introduction -- Clinical syndrome and diagnosis -- Headache -- Visual disturbances -- Olfactory disturbances -- Cognitive impairment -- Auditory symptoms -- Lumbar opening pressure -- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) -- Pathophysiology -- Transverse sinus stenoses -- Obesity -- Hormonal and other metabolic factors -- Treatment -- Weight reduction -- Pharmacologic treatment -- Acetazolamide -- Topiramate -- Furosemide -- Steroids -- Endovascular treatment -- Surgical CSF diversion procedures -- Optic nerve sheath fenestration -- Spontaneous intracranial hypotension -- Introduction -- Clinical syndrome and diagnosis -- Diagnostic neuroimaging -- Lumbar puncture -- Pathophysiology -- Treatment -- Conservative and pharmacologic strategies -- Epidural blood patch -- Surgical intervention -- Conflict of interest -- References -- Chapter 12: CSF in acute and chronic infectious diseases -- Introduction -- Acute infectious diseases of the nervous system -- Acute viral diseases of the nervous system -- Introduction -- Viral pathogens -- Epidemiology -- Pathogenesis and pathophysiology -- Clinical features -- Viral meningitis, meningoencephalitis, and encephalitis -- Diagnostic features -- Cerebrospinal fluid -- CSF analysis: cells and chemistry. , Virus isolation and culture.

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (307 pages) : , illustrations (some color), tables.

Edition: 1st ed.

ISBN: 0-12-804279-6 , 0-12-804324-5

Series Statement: Handbook of Clinical Neurology ; Volume 146

Note: "3rd series." , Front Cover -- Cerebrospinal fluid in neurologic disorders -- Copyright -- Handbook of Clinical Neurology 3rd Series -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contributors -- Contents -- Section I: General aspects -- Chapter 1: The use of cerebrospinal fluid in biomarker studies -- Introduction -- Definition of biomarkers and type of biomarkers -- Physiology of CSF -- Biomarker subtypes -- Proteins -- Metabolites -- Cell-free DNA -- Messenger RNA/micro RNA -- Exosomes -- Sample collection and biobanking: preanalytic variation -- Patient-related factors -- Age and sex -- Genetic background -- Circadian rhythm -- Coffee, chocolate, smoking, and alcohol consumption -- Preanalytic procedures -- Lumbar puncture -- Risk factors and recommendations in performing an LP -- Type of tube -- Evaporation -- Centrifugation speed and temperature -- Quality assessment of collection procedures -- Analytic aspects in CSF biomarker studies: assay development and validation -- Technical analysis: optimizing immunoassay validation and development of novel biomarkers -- Quality assessment of analytic procedures -- Matrix reference material -- Clinical study design in CSF biomarker studies -- Discussion: how to increase the number of novel biomarkers? -- Concluding remarks -- References -- Chapter 2: The cerebrospinal fluid and barriers - anatomic and physiologic considerations -- Introduction -- Physiology of CSF: what is CSF good for, where does it come from, how is it circulating, where does it go? -- Biologic function -- Sites of production -- Circulation -- Absorption -- Transfer mechanisms -- Barriers of the CNS compartment: what are the differences between BBB and BCB? -- The blood-brain barrier -- The blood-CSF barrier -- Anatomy of CSF spaces: which brain areas are reflected by CSF analysis?. , CSF constituents: which factors influence their concentration and what is their implication for CSF analysis? -- Circadian changes -- Site of sampling (lumbar vs. ventricular CSF) -- Volume of CSF sampled -- Physical activity and head movement -- Clearance via specific transporters -- Surgical intervention -- Concluding remarks -- References -- Chapter 3: More than a drainage fluid: the role of CSF in signaling in the brain and other effects on brain tissue -- The concept of volume transmission11Abbreviations used in the chapter are listed at the end of the chapter before References s -- The functional influence of CSF on brain cells -- Adult neurogenesis -- CSF-contacting neurons -- The functional contribution of CSF in pathologic CNS conditions -- Traumatic brain injury (TBI) -- Anti-NMDAR encephalopathy -- Brain aging and dementia -- Summary -- Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 4: Dosing, collection, and quality control issues in cerebrospinal fluid research using animal models -- Introduction -- CSF and brain interstitial fluid -- Comparative CSF physiology: species differences affecting CSF dosing and collection -- Dosing into CSF of rodents -- Collection of CSF and quality control in rodents -- CSF dosing and collection in nonhuman primates -- Translation -- Future developments -- Acknowledgments -- Note -- References -- Section II: Cerebrospinal fluid research in particular disease entities and its clinical context -- Chapter 5: Multiple sclerosis, and other demyelinating and autoimmune inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system -- Introduction -- Current knowledge of CSF molecular biomarkers in MS and NMO -- Multiple sclerosis -- Activation/inflammatory biomarkers -- IgG oligoclonal bands -- IgM oligoclonal bands -- Kappa free light chains -- CXCL13 -- CD163 -- Matrix metalloproteinase-9 -- Osteopontin -- Nitric oxide. , Neuroaxonal damage biomarkers -- Neurofilaments -- Tau protein -- 14-3-3 protein -- N-acetylaspartate -- Glial fibrillary acidic protein -- S100b protein -- Glutamate -- Chitinase 3-like 1 -- Remyelination -- Neural cell adhesion molecule -- Demyelination -- Myelin basic protein -- Neuromyelitis optica -- Activation/inflammatory markers -- CXCL13 -- Interleukin-6 (IL-6) -- Haptoglobin -- Neuroaxonal damage biomarkers -- GFAP -- S100b protein -- Anti-AQP-4 antibodies -- Potential use of CSF in clinical practice -- Future development and recommendations for biomarker studies in MS -- References -- Chapter 6: Cerebrospinal fluid in the dementias -- Introduction -- CSF Biomarkers for Alzheimer Disease -- Key molecular pathways involved -- CSF Aβ42 -- CSF T-tau -- CSF P-tau -- Diagnostic performance of combined CSF T-tau, P-tau, and Aβ42 tests -- Longitudinal changes in CSF AD biomarkers -- CSF markers of synapse loss -- CSF markers of microglial activation -- CSF Biomarkers for Vascular Dementia -- Key molecular pathways involved -- CSF markers of BBB impairment -- CSF markers of tissue remodeling -- CSF markers of white-matter injury -- Dementia with Lewy Bodies -- Key molecular pathways involved -- CSF α-synuclein -- CSF AD biomarkers in DLB -- Frontotemporal Dementia -- Key molecular pathways involved -- CSF NFL -- CSF TDP-43 -- CSF progranulin -- CSF AD biomarkers -- Standardization Efforts -- CSF Biomarker-Supported Diagnostic Criteria -- Concluding Remarks -- Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 7: Biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid for synucleinopathies, tauopathies, and other neurodegenerative disorders -- Introduction -- Parkinson disease -- Dementia with lewy bodies -- Multiple-system atrophy -- Progressive supranuclear palsy -- Corticobasal syndrome -- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis -- Huntington disease -- Ataxias. , Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease -- Narcolepsy -- Clinical trials -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8: Cerebrospinal fluid in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease -- Routine parameters -- Biomarker development -- 14-3-3 test -- Protein tau -- Abeta -- Molecular disease phenotype, genes, and CSF alterations in CJD -- PRNP codon 129 genotype -- APOE genotype -- Genetic prion diseases -- Role of in vitro protein misfolding amplification assays in prion disease diagnostics -- Development of further biomarkers in CJD: future directions -- α-synuclein -- Immunologic markers in prion diseases -- Proteomics: global alterations of CSF -- References -- Chapter 9: Cerebrospinal fluid findings in Guillain-Barré syndrome and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathies -- Introduction -- CSF findings in acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy -- CSF findings in miller fisher syndrome and bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis -- CSF findings in acute motor and acute motor-sensory axonal neuropathy -- CSF findings in rare acute inflammatory neuropathies -- CSF findings in chronic inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy -- CSF findings in atypical cidp: madsam (lewis-sumner syndrome) and dads-i -- CSF findings in multifocal motor neuropathy -- CSF findings in paraproteinemic neuropathies: canomad and poems -- CSF findings in vasculitic neuropathies -- References -- Chapter 10: Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of malignancies located in the central nervous system -- Introduction -- Gliomas -- Glioma-derived proteins -- Glioma-derived circulating-tumor DNA -- Glioma-derived RNAs -- Glioma-derived extracellular vesicles -- CNS metastases -- Proteins derived from CNS metastases -- Circulating tumor DNA derived from CNS metastases -- RNA derived from CNS metastases -- Circulating tumor cells derived from CNS metastases -- CNS involvement in hematologic cancers. , Proteins derived from hematologic cancers within CNS -- Cell-free DNA derived from hematologic cancers within CNS -- RNA derived from hematologic cancers within CNS -- Circulating tumor cells from hematologic cancers within CNS -- Pediatric CNS tumors -- Proteins derived from pediatric CNS malignancies -- Circulating tumor DNA derived from pediatric CNS malignancies -- RNA derived from pediatric CNS malignancies -- Circulating tumor cells derived from pediatric CNS malignancies -- Outlook -- References -- Chapter 11: Impaired cerebrospinal fluid pressure -- Idiopathic intracranial hypertension -- Introduction -- Clinical syndrome and diagnosis -- Headache -- Visual disturbances -- Olfactory disturbances -- Cognitive impairment -- Auditory symptoms -- Lumbar opening pressure -- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) -- Pathophysiology -- Transverse sinus stenoses -- Obesity -- Hormonal and other metabolic factors -- Treatment -- Weight reduction -- Pharmacologic treatment -- Acetazolamide -- Topiramate -- Furosemide -- Steroids -- Endovascular treatment -- Surgical CSF diversion procedures -- Optic nerve sheath fenestration -- Spontaneous intracranial hypotension -- Introduction -- Clinical syndrome and diagnosis -- Diagnostic neuroimaging -- Lumbar puncture -- Pathophysiology -- Treatment -- Conservative and pharmacologic strategies -- Epidural blood patch -- Surgical intervention -- Conflict of interest -- References -- Chapter 12: CSF in acute and chronic infectious diseases -- Introduction -- Acute infectious diseases of the nervous system -- Acute viral diseases of the nervous system -- Introduction -- Viral pathogens -- Epidemiology -- Pathogenesis and pathophysiology -- Clinical features -- Viral meningitis, meningoencephalitis, and encephalitis -- Diagnostic features -- Cerebrospinal fluid -- CSF analysis: cells and chemistry. , Virus isolation and culture.

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (307 pages) : , illustrations (some color), tables.

Edition: 1st ed.

ISBN: 0-12-804279-6 , 0-12-804324-5

Series Statement: Handbook of Clinical Neurology ; Volume 146

Note: "3rd series." , Front Cover -- Cerebrospinal fluid in neurologic disorders -- Copyright -- Handbook of Clinical Neurology 3rd Series -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contributors -- Contents -- Section I: General aspects -- Chapter 1: The use of cerebrospinal fluid in biomarker studies -- Introduction -- Definition of biomarkers and type of biomarkers -- Physiology of CSF -- Biomarker subtypes -- Proteins -- Metabolites -- Cell-free DNA -- Messenger RNA/micro RNA -- Exosomes -- Sample collection and biobanking: preanalytic variation -- Patient-related factors -- Age and sex -- Genetic background -- Circadian rhythm -- Coffee, chocolate, smoking, and alcohol consumption -- Preanalytic procedures -- Lumbar puncture -- Risk factors and recommendations in performing an LP -- Type of tube -- Evaporation -- Centrifugation speed and temperature -- Quality assessment of collection procedures -- Analytic aspects in CSF biomarker studies: assay development and validation -- Technical analysis: optimizing immunoassay validation and development of novel biomarkers -- Quality assessment of analytic procedures -- Matrix reference material -- Clinical study design in CSF biomarker studies -- Discussion: how to increase the number of novel biomarkers? -- Concluding remarks -- References -- Chapter 2: The cerebrospinal fluid and barriers - anatomic and physiologic considerations -- Introduction -- Physiology of CSF: what is CSF good for, where does it come from, how is it circulating, where does it go? -- Biologic function -- Sites of production -- Circulation -- Absorption -- Transfer mechanisms -- Barriers of the CNS compartment: what are the differences between BBB and BCB? -- The blood-brain barrier -- The blood-CSF barrier -- Anatomy of CSF spaces: which brain areas are reflected by CSF analysis?. , CSF constituents: which factors influence their concentration and what is their implication for CSF analysis? -- Circadian changes -- Site of sampling (lumbar vs. ventricular CSF) -- Volume of CSF sampled -- Physical activity and head movement -- Clearance via specific transporters -- Surgical intervention -- Concluding remarks -- References -- Chapter 3: More than a drainage fluid: the role of CSF in signaling in the brain and other effects on brain tissue -- The concept of volume transmission11Abbreviations used in the chapter are listed at the end of the chapter before References s -- The functional influence of CSF on brain cells -- Adult neurogenesis -- CSF-contacting neurons -- The functional contribution of CSF in pathologic CNS conditions -- Traumatic brain injury (TBI) -- Anti-NMDAR encephalopathy -- Brain aging and dementia -- Summary -- Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 4: Dosing, collection, and quality control issues in cerebrospinal fluid research using animal models -- Introduction -- CSF and brain interstitial fluid -- Comparative CSF physiology: species differences affecting CSF dosing and collection -- Dosing into CSF of rodents -- Collection of CSF and quality control in rodents -- CSF dosing and collection in nonhuman primates -- Translation -- Future developments -- Acknowledgments -- Note -- References -- Section II: Cerebrospinal fluid research in particular disease entities and its clinical context -- Chapter 5: Multiple sclerosis, and other demyelinating and autoimmune inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system -- Introduction -- Current knowledge of CSF molecular biomarkers in MS and NMO -- Multiple sclerosis -- Activation/inflammatory biomarkers -- IgG oligoclonal bands -- IgM oligoclonal bands -- Kappa free light chains -- CXCL13 -- CD163 -- Matrix metalloproteinase-9 -- Osteopontin -- Nitric oxide. , Neuroaxonal damage biomarkers -- Neurofilaments -- Tau protein -- 14-3-3 protein -- N-acetylaspartate -- Glial fibrillary acidic protein -- S100b protein -- Glutamate -- Chitinase 3-like 1 -- Remyelination -- Neural cell adhesion molecule -- Demyelination -- Myelin basic protein -- Neuromyelitis optica -- Activation/inflammatory markers -- CXCL13 -- Interleukin-6 (IL-6) -- Haptoglobin -- Neuroaxonal damage biomarkers -- GFAP -- S100b protein -- Anti-AQP-4 antibodies -- Potential use of CSF in clinical practice -- Future development and recommendations for biomarker studies in MS -- References -- Chapter 6: Cerebrospinal fluid in the dementias -- Introduction -- CSF Biomarkers for Alzheimer Disease -- Key molecular pathways involved -- CSF Aβ42 -- CSF T-tau -- CSF P-tau -- Diagnostic performance of combined CSF T-tau, P-tau, and Aβ42 tests -- Longitudinal changes in CSF AD biomarkers -- CSF markers of synapse loss -- CSF markers of microglial activation -- CSF Biomarkers for Vascular Dementia -- Key molecular pathways involved -- CSF markers of BBB impairment -- CSF markers of tissue remodeling -- CSF markers of white-matter injury -- Dementia with Lewy Bodies -- Key molecular pathways involved -- CSF α-synuclein -- CSF AD biomarkers in DLB -- Frontotemporal Dementia -- Key molecular pathways involved -- CSF NFL -- CSF TDP-43 -- CSF progranulin -- CSF AD biomarkers -- Standardization Efforts -- CSF Biomarker-Supported Diagnostic Criteria -- Concluding Remarks -- Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 7: Biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid for synucleinopathies, tauopathies, and other neurodegenerative disorders -- Introduction -- Parkinson disease -- Dementia with lewy bodies -- Multiple-system atrophy -- Progressive supranuclear palsy -- Corticobasal syndrome -- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis -- Huntington disease -- Ataxias. , Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease -- Narcolepsy -- Clinical trials -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8: Cerebrospinal fluid in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease -- Routine parameters -- Biomarker development -- 14-3-3 test -- Protein tau -- Abeta -- Molecular disease phenotype, genes, and CSF alterations in CJD -- PRNP codon 129 genotype -- APOE genotype -- Genetic prion diseases -- Role of in vitro protein misfolding amplification assays in prion disease diagnostics -- Development of further biomarkers in CJD: future directions -- α-synuclein -- Immunologic markers in prion diseases -- Proteomics: global alterations of CSF -- References -- Chapter 9: Cerebrospinal fluid findings in Guillain-Barré syndrome and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathies -- Introduction -- CSF findings in acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy -- CSF findings in miller fisher syndrome and bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis -- CSF findings in acute motor and acute motor-sensory axonal neuropathy -- CSF findings in rare acute inflammatory neuropathies -- CSF findings in chronic inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy -- CSF findings in atypical cidp: madsam (lewis-sumner syndrome) and dads-i -- CSF findings in multifocal motor neuropathy -- CSF findings in paraproteinemic neuropathies: canomad and poems -- CSF findings in vasculitic neuropathies -- References -- Chapter 10: Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of malignancies located in the central nervous system -- Introduction -- Gliomas -- Glioma-derived proteins -- Glioma-derived circulating-tumor DNA -- Glioma-derived RNAs -- Glioma-derived extracellular vesicles -- CNS metastases -- Proteins derived from CNS metastases -- Circulating tumor DNA derived from CNS metastases -- RNA derived from CNS metastases -- Circulating tumor cells derived from CNS metastases -- CNS involvement in hematologic cancers. , Proteins derived from hematologic cancers within CNS -- Cell-free DNA derived from hematologic cancers within CNS -- RNA derived from hematologic cancers within CNS -- Circulating tumor cells from hematologic cancers within CNS -- Pediatric CNS tumors -- Proteins derived from pediatric CNS malignancies -- Circulating tumor DNA derived from pediatric CNS malignancies -- RNA derived from pediatric CNS malignancies -- Circulating tumor cells derived from pediatric CNS malignancies -- Outlook -- References -- Chapter 11: Impaired cerebrospinal fluid pressure -- Idiopathic intracranial hypertension -- Introduction -- Clinical syndrome and diagnosis -- Headache -- Visual disturbances -- Olfactory disturbances -- Cognitive impairment -- Auditory symptoms -- Lumbar opening pressure -- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) -- Pathophysiology -- Transverse sinus stenoses -- Obesity -- Hormonal and other metabolic factors -- Treatment -- Weight reduction -- Pharmacologic treatment -- Acetazolamide -- Topiramate -- Furosemide -- Steroids -- Endovascular treatment -- Surgical CSF diversion procedures -- Optic nerve sheath fenestration -- Spontaneous intracranial hypotension -- Introduction -- Clinical syndrome and diagnosis -- Diagnostic neuroimaging -- Lumbar puncture -- Pathophysiology -- Treatment -- Conservative and pharmacologic strategies -- Epidural blood patch -- Surgical intervention -- Conflict of interest -- References -- Chapter 12: CSF in acute and chronic infectious diseases -- Introduction -- Acute infectious diseases of the nervous system -- Acute viral diseases of the nervous system -- Introduction -- Viral pathogens -- Epidemiology -- Pathogenesis and pathophysiology -- Clinical features -- Viral meningitis, meningoencephalitis, and encephalitis -- Diagnostic features -- Cerebrospinal fluid -- CSF analysis: cells and chemistry. , Virus isolation and culture.

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 electronic resource (218 p.)

Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics

Content: Alzheimer disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by significant cognitive deficits, behavioral changes, sleep disorders and loss of functional autonomy. AD represents the main cause of dementia and has become a major public health issue. In addition, the number of patients suffering from AD is growing rapidly as the population ages worldwide. Memory impairment is usually the earliest clinical and core symptom of this disease. The diagnosis at a late clinical stage is relatively easy. However, a delay in the diagnosis is damageable for the handling of patients in terms of optimal medical and social care. The actual interest of the scientific head-ways is to optimize the diagnosis in prodromal stage of the disease and to propose personalized therapeutic solutions to individual patients. New revised AD diagnostic criteria include early alteration of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers: decrease of amyloïd peptides (Aß42), and increase in tau and phosphorylated-tau (p-tau) protein concentration. This recognition of CSF biological biomarkers for the diagnosis of AD is a major step towards the “molecular” diagnosis and follow-up of the disease. Many issues are however still subject of debate. This e-book provides a comprehensive overview of the state of the art of fluid biomarkers for AD, e.g. which novel biomarkers should be implemented in clinical practice for diagnosis or for monitoring treatment or side effects, which ones are new for AD or related dementias or what is the potential of peripheral blood markers. Moreover, the e-Book provides practical guidelines how to optimally and efficiently develop and validate novel biomarker assays, and to document and control pre-analytical variation.

Note: English

Additional Edition: ISBN 2-88945-041-4

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 electronic resource (218 p.)

Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics

Content: Alzheimer disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by significant cognitive deficits, behavioral changes, sleep disorders and loss of functional autonomy. AD represents the main cause of dementia and has become a major public health issue. In addition, the number of patients suffering from AD is growing rapidly as the population ages worldwide. Memory impairment is usually the earliest clinical and core symptom of this disease. The diagnosis at a late clinical stage is relatively easy. However, a delay in the diagnosis is damageable for the handling of patients in terms of optimal medical and social care. The actual interest of the scientific head-ways is to optimize the diagnosis in prodromal stage of the disease and to propose personalized therapeutic solutions to individual patients. New revised AD diagnostic criteria include early alteration of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers: decrease of amyloïd peptides (Aß42), and increase in tau and phosphorylated-tau (p-tau) protein concentration. This recognition of CSF biological biomarkers for the diagnosis of AD is a major step towards the “molecular” diagnosis and follow-up of the disease. Many issues are however still subject of debate. This e-book provides a comprehensive overview of the state of the art of fluid biomarkers for AD, e.g. which novel biomarkers should be implemented in clinical practice for diagnosis or for monitoring treatment or side effects, which ones are new for AD or related dementias or what is the potential of peripheral blood markers. Moreover, the e-Book provides practical guidelines how to optimally and efficiently develop and validate novel biomarker assays, and to document and control pre-analytical variation.

Note: English

Additional Edition: ISBN 2-88945-041-4

Language: English

UID:

ISSN: 1759-4766

In: Nature reviews. Neurology, London : Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature, 2009, 20(2024), 5, Seite 269-287, 1759-4766

In: volume:20

In: year:2024

In: number:5

In: pages:269-287

Language: English

DOI: 10.1038/s41582-024-00955-x

URL: lizenzpflichtig

Author information: Bittner, Stefan 1983-

Author information: Ziemssen, Tjalf 1973-