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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC, USA : World Bank Group, Europe and Central Asia Region, Office of the Chief Economist
    UID:
    b3kat_BV049079562
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 54 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8652
    Language: English
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Finance, Competitiveness and Innovation Global Practice
    UID:
    gbv_168054358X
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8996
    Content: Using the management and operational practices survey in the Russian Federation, this paper finds that an average Russian manufacturing firm adopts 43 percent of the structured management practices (a score of 0.43), a value that is far from the frontier (for example, the United States scores 0.62). This average mask the wide heterogeneity in practices, where a large share of firms adopt few structured management practices and only 3.5 percent of them have a score over 0.75. Consistent with the findings in other countries, better managed firms in Russia show stronger firm performance, measured as gross revenue per employee, value added per employee, total factor productivity, and employment growth. Improving the management score from the 10th to the 90th percentile is associated with an increase in sales per worker by 87 percent, value added per worker by 30 percent, and total factor productivity by 13.5 percent. What drives better management capabilities? Russian firms are similar to those in other countries, such that exporters and firms with foreign linkages are better managed. Switching from operating purely in the domestic market to being globally linked is associated with a significant increase in management capabilities. However, unlike the results in other countries, management capabilities in Russia are not associated with firm age, implying that firms do not learn to be better managed over their life cycle. This result points to the possibility of inefficient allocation of resources, such that learning and selection mechanism does not weed out the badly managed firms, perhaps due to the lack of pro-competitive forces
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Grover Goswami, Arti Management Capabilities and Performance of Firms in the Russian Federation Washington, D.C : The World Bank, 2019
    Language: English
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
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  • 3
    UID:
    gbv_1675746419
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8926
    Content: This paper investigates the link between inequality and demand for redistribution by looking at how individuals form their perceptions of inequality. Most of the literature analyzing demand for redistribution has focused on objective inequality, rather than subjective perceptions of inequality. However, a model that links demand for redistribution to subjective inequality is needed, given that recent empirical research has shown a growing gap between subjective and objective inequality. Using data from the International Social Survey Programme survey, the paper focuses on explaining individuals' formation of inequality perceptions using objective variables. The paper then studies the relationship between these perceptions and individuals' demand for redistribution. The analysis finds that objective macro variables are associated with individuals' perceptions of inequality, and that individual circumstances, some of which relate to self-interest, like age, educational attainment, and income, also play an important role. Perceptions of equality, in turn, are significatively correlated to demand for redistribution and seem to substitute for any effect of objective variables. This result suggests that contextual macro variables only affect individuals' demand for redistribution through their perceptions of equality and do not have a direct effect
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Bussolo, Maurizio I Perceive Therefore I Demand: The Formation of Inequality Perceptions and Demand for Redistribution Washington, D.C : The World Bank, 2019
    Language: English
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Author information: Giolbas, Anna
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Europe and Central Asia Region, Office of the Chief Economist
    UID:
    gbv_1743793731
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 9458
    Content: This paper outlines an extension of the Human Capital Index that addresses the specific challenges in education and health faced by countries in Europe and Central Asia. Good basic education will not be enough, as job markets today demand higher levels of human capital than in the past. As the region's population becomes older, it is important that adults remain healthy to ensure productive aging. The Europe and Central AsiaHuman Capital Index (ECA-HCI) extends the Human Capital Index by adding a measure of quality-adjusted years of higher education to the original education component, and it includes the prevalence of three adult health risk factors - obesity, smoking, and heavy drinking - as an additional proxy for latent health status. This extension of the Human Capital Index could also be useful for assessing the state of human capital in middle-income countries in general
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Demirguc-Kunt, Asli Measuring Human Capital in Europe and Central Asia Washington, D.C : The World Bank, 2020
    Language: English
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Author information: Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli 1961-
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Europe and Central Asia Region, Office of the Chief Economist
    UID:
    gbv_1743793073
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 9456
    Content: Based on their objective economic situation and comparing with their peers, individuals form perceptions of their economic position in a society. Data from the three waves of the Life in Transition surveys of European countries show that these perceptions systematically deviate from the rankings obtained using consumption levels. People position themselves in the middle ranks in larger numbers than those who are in the middle ranks according to their consumption levels. Correspondingly, many people who objectively are classified in the top, richest, or bottom, poorest, ranks subjectively feel that they are in the middle class. This puzzling "bunching in the middle" is the focus of this paper. Explanations are tested and discarded that consider subjective perceptions as misperceptions or the result of other mistakes due to data limitations (such as tail bias). The paper concludes that rather than reflecting a subjective assessment of the distribution of welfare, subjective rankings reveal subjective economic well-being. The paper show that monetary consumption is a strong predictor of subjective economic well-being, but that the latter is influenced by many other factors, including economic security, proxied by employment status or other measures of human capital, such as health and education. These findings have policy relevance, since redistribution measures aiming at simply protecting consumption levels may not be sufficient to restore the economic well-being provided by having full-time secure types of employment
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Bussolo, Maurizio Feeling Poor, Feeling Rich, Or Feeling Middle-Class: An Empirical Investigation Washington, D.C : The World Bank, 2020
    Language: English
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Europe and Central Asia Region, Office of the Chief Economist
    UID:
    gbv_1749500760
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 9480
    Content: This paper analyzes the reopening process of countries in Europe and Central Asia after the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic and provides evidence on the effects of different reopening trajectories and their timing and speed on economic recovery. The analysis indicates that countries that adopted a gradual, staged reopening experienced stronger economic recovery compared with the countries that rushed into lifting the restrictive measures before the pandemic was under control. Postponing lifting the restrictions until after the pandemic's peak was reached has a positive impact on economic activity. Governance also matters: a higher level of trust in government is associated with increased economic activity among countries that carried out a gradual reopening process. There is also suggestive evidence that providing people objective data on the progress of the pandemic may speed up the recovery process
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Demirguc-Kunt, Asli Opening-Up Trajectories and Economic Recovery: Lessons after the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic Washington, D.C : The World Bank, 2020
    Language: English
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Author information: Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli 1961-
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  • 7
    UID:
    gbv_1724096087
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 95 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 9257
    Content: The size of the economic shocks triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic and the effects of the associated non-pharmaceutical interventions have not been fully assessed, because the official economic indicators have not been published. This paper provides estimates of the economic impacts of the non-pharmaceutical interventions implemented by countries in Europe and Central Asia over the initial stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis relies on high-frequency proxies, such as daily electricity consumption, nitrogen dioxide emission, and mobility records, to trace the economic disruptions caused by the pandemic, and calibrates these measures to estimate magnitude of the economic impact. The results suggest that the non-pharmaceutical interventions led to about a decline of about 10 percent in economic activity across the region. On average, countries that implemented non-pharmaceutical interventions in the early stages of the pandemic appear to have better short-term economic outcomes and lower cumulative mortality, compared with countries that imposed non-pharmaceutical interventions during the later stages of the pandemic. In part, this is because the interventions have been less stringent. Moreover, there is evidence that COVID-19 mortality at the peak of the local outbreak has been lower in countries that acted earlier. In this sense, the results suggest that the sooner non-pharmaceutical interventions are implemented, the better are the economic and health outcomes
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Demirguc-Kunt, Asli The Sooner, the Better: The Early Economic Impact of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions during the COVID-19 Pandemic Washington, D.C : The World Bank, 2020
    Language: English
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Author information: Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli 1961-
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