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Format: 1 Online-Ressource , Illustrationen, Diagramme

ISBN: 9781803565118 , 9781803565101

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 978-1-80356-509-5

Language: English

DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.102104

URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)

URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)

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Format: 1 online resource (384 pages)

ISBN: 0-12-812608-6

Note: Front Cover -- Solidification and Solid-State Transformations of Metals and Alloys -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Endorsement -- Contents -- About the Authors -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 1: Solidification of Metals -- 1.1. Metals -- 1.2. From the Gaseous State to the Crystalline State -- 1.3. Crystalline Systems for Metals -- 1.4. Solidification Temperature -- References -- Bibliography -- Chapter 2: Phase Transformation Kinetics -- 2.1. Surface Free Energy -- 2.2. Homogeneous Nucleation and Critical Nucleus Size -- 2.3. Discontinuous Nature of Solidification -- 2.3.1. Nucleation Rate -- 2.3.2. Growth Rate -- 2.4. Solidification of a Metal by Continuous Cooling -- 2.4.1. Solidification Curves -- 2.4.2. Considerations on the Nuclei Growth With Unidirectional Heat Flow (Chvorinov Law) -- Bibliography -- Chapter 3: Total Insolubility and Solubility in Alloys -- 3.1. Total Insolubility Between Two Metals (A and B) -- 3.1.1. A and B Do Not Have Affinity Between Them -- 3.1.2. A and B Form an Intermetallic Compound With Stoichiometric Composition AxBy -- 3.1.3. A and B, are Insoluble in Solid State, but Present Eutectic Affinity -- 3.2. Solubility -- 3.2.1. Substitutional Solid Solutions -- 3.2.2. Interstitial Solid Solutions -- 3.2.3. Total and Partial Solubility -- 3.2.4. Total Solubility Binary Phase Diagram -- References -- Bibliography -- Chapter 4: Invariant Solidification -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. System at Equilibrium and the Phase Rule -- 4.3. Binary Eutectic Reaction -- 4.3.1. Abnormal Eutectics. Al-Si System -- 4.3.2. Eutectics With S -- 4.3.3. Cu-O Eutectic. Types of Commercial Copper -- 4.4. Binary Peritectic Reaction -- 4.5. Binary Monotectic Reaction -- 4.6. Binary Sintectic Reaction -- 4.7. Other Invariant Reactions -- 4.8. Computational Calculation Methods (CALPHAD) -- 4.8.1. Fe-C System. , 4.8.2. Al-Si Pressure Variation -- References -- Bibliography -- Chapter 5: Nonequilibrium Solidification and Chemical Heterogeneities -- 5.1. Unidirectional Solidification and Zone Melting Solidification -- 5.1.1. Unidirectional Solidification -- 5.1.2. Zone Melting Solidification -- 5.2. Macrosegregation -- 5.2.1. Normal Segregation -- 5.2.1.1. First Assumption -- 5.2.1.2. Second Assumption -- 5.2.1.2.1. Constitutional Undercooling and Columnar Structure -- 5.2.2. Inverse Segregation -- 5.2.3. Gravity Segregation -- 5.2.4. Local Segregation -- 5.2.4.1. Segregations Produced by Entrapped Gasses -- 5.2.4.2. Segregations by Changes in the Crystallization Structure -- 5.2.4.3. Segregations in Cracks -- 5.2.5. Macrosegregation Indexes -- 5.3. Microsegregation -- 5.3.1. Homogenization Heat Treatment -- 5.4. Nonequilibrium by Eutectic and Peritectic Reactions -- References -- Bibliography -- Chapter 6: Physical Heterogeneities in Solidification -- 6.1. Factors That Influence the Columnar Structure -- 6.2. Contraction Caused by Solidification -- 6.2.1. Shrinkage and Solid Contraction -- 6.3. Evolution of Gasses During Solidification -- 6.3.1. Boiling Produced by Carbon Monoxide in Steels -- 6.3.2. Macrostructure of Steel Ingots According to Their Degree of Deoxidation -- 6.4. Moldability -- 6.4.1. Castability -- 6.4.2. Soundness -- 6.4.3. Hot Tearing -- Reference -- Bibliography -- Chapter 7: Equilibrium Transformations -- 7.1. Transformations Caused by Solubility Variations -- 7.1.1. Precipitation Process -- 7.1.2. Heat Treatments and Precipitation in Age-Hardening Alloys -- 7.1.3. Final and Intermediate Phases (Intermetallic Compounds) -- 7.1.3.1. Carbides -- 7.1.3.2. Electronic Compounds -- 7.2. Transformations Caused by Allotropic Changes -- 7.3. Transformations Caused by Allotropy and Solubility Changes -- 7.3.1. Cu-Zn System -- 7.3.2. Cu-Sn System. , 7.3.3. Cu-Al System -- 7.4. Order/Disorder Transformations -- Reference -- Bibliography -- Chapter 8: Solid-State Transformations in the Fe-C System -- 8.1. Equilibrium Transformations in the Metastable Fe-C System -- 8.1.1. Constituents of the Metastable Fe-C System -- 8.1.2. Austenite-Ferrite Transformation Kinetics -- 8.1.3. Fe-Fe3C Metastable Diagram -- 8.1.4. Equilibrium Cooling Microstructures of Steels and White Cast Irons -- 8.1.4.1. Hypereutectoid Steels -- 8.1.4.2. Hypoeutectoid Steels With Less Than 0.0218% C -- 8.1.4.3. Hypoeutectoid Steels With More Than 0.0218% C -- 8.1.4.4. Hypoeutectic White Castings -- 8.1.4.5. Hypereutectic White Castings -- 8.1.5. Ultimate Stress Estimation in Binary Ferritic-Pearlitic Steels -- 8.1.6. Cooling at a Rate Faster Than Equilibrium -- 8.1.7. Influence of Alloying Elements in the Metastable Fe-Fe3C Diagram -- 8.1.7.1. Gamma-Stabilizing Elements -- 8.1.7.2. Alpha-Stabilizing Elements -- 8.1.7.3. Precipitate-Forming Elements (Microalloying) -- 8.2. Nonequilibrium Transformations of Austenite During Cooling -- 8.2.1. Pearlitic Transformation -- 8.2.2. Bainitic Transformation -- 8.2.3. Martensitic Transformation -- 8.2.4. TTT (Time-Temperature-Transformation) Curves -- 8.3. Heat Treatments -- 8.3.1. Austenite Formation by Heating at T> -- A3 -- 8.3.2. Tempering of Martensite -- 8.3.3. Tempering of Bainite and Pearlite -- References -- Bibliography -- Chapter 9: Ternary Systems -- 9.1. Interpretation of Ternary Diagrams -- 9.1.1. Graphic Representation -- 9.1.2. Equilibrium of Two Phases -- 9.1.3. Equilibrium Between Three Phases -- 9.1.4. Equilibrium Between Four Phases -- 9.1.4.1. Low Melting Point Alloys -- 9.2. Ternary Diagrams in Metallography -- 9.2.1. Pb-Sb-Sn System -- 9.2.2. Al-Cu-Si System -- Reference -- Bibliography -- Index -- Back Cover.

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-12-812607-8

Language: English

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Format: 1 Online-Ressource (XI, 516 p. 165 illus., 50 illus. in color)

Edition: 1st ed. 2021

ISBN: 9783030680008

Series Statement: Topics in Mining, Metallurgy and Materials Engineering

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 978-3-030-67999-6

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 978-3-030-68001-5

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 978-3-030-68002-2

Language: English

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-68000-8

URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)

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Format: 1 Online-Ressource (XVI, 332 p. 133 illus., 40 illus. in color)

Edition: 1st ed. 2023

ISBN: 9783031057021

Series Statement: Topics in Mining, Metallurgy and Materials Engineering

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 978-3-031-05701-4

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 978-3-031-05703-8

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 978-3-031-05704-5

Language: English

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-05702-1

URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)

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Format: 1 Online-Ressource (X, 318 p. 65 illus., 29 illus. in color)

ISBN: 9783030546069

Series Statement: Topics in Mining, Metallurgy and Materials Engineering

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 978-3-030-54605-2

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 978-3-030-54607-6

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 978-3-030-54608-3

Language: English

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-54606-9

URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (384 pages)

ISBN: 0-12-812608-6

Note: Front Cover -- Solidification and Solid-State Transformations of Metals and Alloys -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Endorsement -- Contents -- About the Authors -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 1: Solidification of Metals -- 1.1. Metals -- 1.2. From the Gaseous State to the Crystalline State -- 1.3. Crystalline Systems for Metals -- 1.4. Solidification Temperature -- References -- Bibliography -- Chapter 2: Phase Transformation Kinetics -- 2.1. Surface Free Energy -- 2.2. Homogeneous Nucleation and Critical Nucleus Size -- 2.3. Discontinuous Nature of Solidification -- 2.3.1. Nucleation Rate -- 2.3.2. Growth Rate -- 2.4. Solidification of a Metal by Continuous Cooling -- 2.4.1. Solidification Curves -- 2.4.2. Considerations on the Nuclei Growth With Unidirectional Heat Flow (Chvorinov Law) -- Bibliography -- Chapter 3: Total Insolubility and Solubility in Alloys -- 3.1. Total Insolubility Between Two Metals (A and B) -- 3.1.1. A and B Do Not Have Affinity Between Them -- 3.1.2. A and B Form an Intermetallic Compound With Stoichiometric Composition AxBy -- 3.1.3. A and B, are Insoluble in Solid State, but Present Eutectic Affinity -- 3.2. Solubility -- 3.2.1. Substitutional Solid Solutions -- 3.2.2. Interstitial Solid Solutions -- 3.2.3. Total and Partial Solubility -- 3.2.4. Total Solubility Binary Phase Diagram -- References -- Bibliography -- Chapter 4: Invariant Solidification -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. System at Equilibrium and the Phase Rule -- 4.3. Binary Eutectic Reaction -- 4.3.1. Abnormal Eutectics. Al-Si System -- 4.3.2. Eutectics With S -- 4.3.3. Cu-O Eutectic. Types of Commercial Copper -- 4.4. Binary Peritectic Reaction -- 4.5. Binary Monotectic Reaction -- 4.6. Binary Sintectic Reaction -- 4.7. Other Invariant Reactions -- 4.8. Computational Calculation Methods (CALPHAD) -- 4.8.1. Fe-C System. , 4.8.2. Al-Si Pressure Variation -- References -- Bibliography -- Chapter 5: Nonequilibrium Solidification and Chemical Heterogeneities -- 5.1. Unidirectional Solidification and Zone Melting Solidification -- 5.1.1. Unidirectional Solidification -- 5.1.2. Zone Melting Solidification -- 5.2. Macrosegregation -- 5.2.1. Normal Segregation -- 5.2.1.1. First Assumption -- 5.2.1.2. Second Assumption -- 5.2.1.2.1. Constitutional Undercooling and Columnar Structure -- 5.2.2. Inverse Segregation -- 5.2.3. Gravity Segregation -- 5.2.4. Local Segregation -- 5.2.4.1. Segregations Produced by Entrapped Gasses -- 5.2.4.2. Segregations by Changes in the Crystallization Structure -- 5.2.4.3. Segregations in Cracks -- 5.2.5. Macrosegregation Indexes -- 5.3. Microsegregation -- 5.3.1. Homogenization Heat Treatment -- 5.4. Nonequilibrium by Eutectic and Peritectic Reactions -- References -- Bibliography -- Chapter 6: Physical Heterogeneities in Solidification -- 6.1. Factors That Influence the Columnar Structure -- 6.2. Contraction Caused by Solidification -- 6.2.1. Shrinkage and Solid Contraction -- 6.3. Evolution of Gasses During Solidification -- 6.3.1. Boiling Produced by Carbon Monoxide in Steels -- 6.3.2. Macrostructure of Steel Ingots According to Their Degree of Deoxidation -- 6.4. Moldability -- 6.4.1. Castability -- 6.4.2. Soundness -- 6.4.3. Hot Tearing -- Reference -- Bibliography -- Chapter 7: Equilibrium Transformations -- 7.1. Transformations Caused by Solubility Variations -- 7.1.1. Precipitation Process -- 7.1.2. Heat Treatments and Precipitation in Age-Hardening Alloys -- 7.1.3. Final and Intermediate Phases (Intermetallic Compounds) -- 7.1.3.1. Carbides -- 7.1.3.2. Electronic Compounds -- 7.2. Transformations Caused by Allotropic Changes -- 7.3. Transformations Caused by Allotropy and Solubility Changes -- 7.3.1. Cu-Zn System -- 7.3.2. Cu-Sn System. , 7.3.3. Cu-Al System -- 7.4. Order/Disorder Transformations -- Reference -- Bibliography -- Chapter 8: Solid-State Transformations in the Fe-C System -- 8.1. Equilibrium Transformations in the Metastable Fe-C System -- 8.1.1. Constituents of the Metastable Fe-C System -- 8.1.2. Austenite-Ferrite Transformation Kinetics -- 8.1.3. Fe-Fe3C Metastable Diagram -- 8.1.4. Equilibrium Cooling Microstructures of Steels and White Cast Irons -- 8.1.4.1. Hypereutectoid Steels -- 8.1.4.2. Hypoeutectoid Steels With Less Than 0.0218% C -- 8.1.4.3. Hypoeutectoid Steels With More Than 0.0218% C -- 8.1.4.4. Hypoeutectic White Castings -- 8.1.4.5. Hypereutectic White Castings -- 8.1.5. Ultimate Stress Estimation in Binary Ferritic-Pearlitic Steels -- 8.1.6. Cooling at a Rate Faster Than Equilibrium -- 8.1.7. Influence of Alloying Elements in the Metastable Fe-Fe3C Diagram -- 8.1.7.1. Gamma-Stabilizing Elements -- 8.1.7.2. Alpha-Stabilizing Elements -- 8.1.7.3. Precipitate-Forming Elements (Microalloying) -- 8.2. Nonequilibrium Transformations of Austenite During Cooling -- 8.2.1. Pearlitic Transformation -- 8.2.2. Bainitic Transformation -- 8.2.3. Martensitic Transformation -- 8.2.4. TTT (Time-Temperature-Transformation) Curves -- 8.3. Heat Treatments -- 8.3.1. Austenite Formation by Heating at T> -- A3 -- 8.3.2. Tempering of Martensite -- 8.3.3. Tempering of Bainite and Pearlite -- References -- Bibliography -- Chapter 9: Ternary Systems -- 9.1. Interpretation of Ternary Diagrams -- 9.1.1. Graphic Representation -- 9.1.2. Equilibrium of Two Phases -- 9.1.3. Equilibrium Between Three Phases -- 9.1.4. Equilibrium Between Four Phases -- 9.1.4.1. Low Melting Point Alloys -- 9.2. Ternary Diagrams in Metallography -- 9.2.1. Pb-Sb-Sn System -- 9.2.2. Al-Cu-Si System -- Reference -- Bibliography -- Index -- Back Cover.

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-12-812607-8

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (384 pages)

ISBN: 0-12-812608-6

Note: Front Cover -- Solidification and Solid-State Transformations of Metals and Alloys -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Endorsement -- Contents -- About the Authors -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 1: Solidification of Metals -- 1.1. Metals -- 1.2. From the Gaseous State to the Crystalline State -- 1.3. Crystalline Systems for Metals -- 1.4. Solidification Temperature -- References -- Bibliography -- Chapter 2: Phase Transformation Kinetics -- 2.1. Surface Free Energy -- 2.2. Homogeneous Nucleation and Critical Nucleus Size -- 2.3. Discontinuous Nature of Solidification -- 2.3.1. Nucleation Rate -- 2.3.2. Growth Rate -- 2.4. Solidification of a Metal by Continuous Cooling -- 2.4.1. Solidification Curves -- 2.4.2. Considerations on the Nuclei Growth With Unidirectional Heat Flow (Chvorinov Law) -- Bibliography -- Chapter 3: Total Insolubility and Solubility in Alloys -- 3.1. Total Insolubility Between Two Metals (A and B) -- 3.1.1. A and B Do Not Have Affinity Between Them -- 3.1.2. A and B Form an Intermetallic Compound With Stoichiometric Composition AxBy -- 3.1.3. A and B, are Insoluble in Solid State, but Present Eutectic Affinity -- 3.2. Solubility -- 3.2.1. Substitutional Solid Solutions -- 3.2.2. Interstitial Solid Solutions -- 3.2.3. Total and Partial Solubility -- 3.2.4. Total Solubility Binary Phase Diagram -- References -- Bibliography -- Chapter 4: Invariant Solidification -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. System at Equilibrium and the Phase Rule -- 4.3. Binary Eutectic Reaction -- 4.3.1. Abnormal Eutectics. Al-Si System -- 4.3.2. Eutectics With S -- 4.3.3. Cu-O Eutectic. Types of Commercial Copper -- 4.4. Binary Peritectic Reaction -- 4.5. Binary Monotectic Reaction -- 4.6. Binary Sintectic Reaction -- 4.7. Other Invariant Reactions -- 4.8. Computational Calculation Methods (CALPHAD) -- 4.8.1. Fe-C System. , 4.8.2. Al-Si Pressure Variation -- References -- Bibliography -- Chapter 5: Nonequilibrium Solidification and Chemical Heterogeneities -- 5.1. Unidirectional Solidification and Zone Melting Solidification -- 5.1.1. Unidirectional Solidification -- 5.1.2. Zone Melting Solidification -- 5.2. Macrosegregation -- 5.2.1. Normal Segregation -- 5.2.1.1. First Assumption -- 5.2.1.2. Second Assumption -- 5.2.1.2.1. Constitutional Undercooling and Columnar Structure -- 5.2.2. Inverse Segregation -- 5.2.3. Gravity Segregation -- 5.2.4. Local Segregation -- 5.2.4.1. Segregations Produced by Entrapped Gasses -- 5.2.4.2. Segregations by Changes in the Crystallization Structure -- 5.2.4.3. Segregations in Cracks -- 5.2.5. Macrosegregation Indexes -- 5.3. Microsegregation -- 5.3.1. Homogenization Heat Treatment -- 5.4. Nonequilibrium by Eutectic and Peritectic Reactions -- References -- Bibliography -- Chapter 6: Physical Heterogeneities in Solidification -- 6.1. Factors That Influence the Columnar Structure -- 6.2. Contraction Caused by Solidification -- 6.2.1. Shrinkage and Solid Contraction -- 6.3. Evolution of Gasses During Solidification -- 6.3.1. Boiling Produced by Carbon Monoxide in Steels -- 6.3.2. Macrostructure of Steel Ingots According to Their Degree of Deoxidation -- 6.4. Moldability -- 6.4.1. Castability -- 6.4.2. Soundness -- 6.4.3. Hot Tearing -- Reference -- Bibliography -- Chapter 7: Equilibrium Transformations -- 7.1. Transformations Caused by Solubility Variations -- 7.1.1. Precipitation Process -- 7.1.2. Heat Treatments and Precipitation in Age-Hardening Alloys -- 7.1.3. Final and Intermediate Phases (Intermetallic Compounds) -- 7.1.3.1. Carbides -- 7.1.3.2. Electronic Compounds -- 7.2. Transformations Caused by Allotropic Changes -- 7.3. Transformations Caused by Allotropy and Solubility Changes -- 7.3.1. Cu-Zn System -- 7.3.2. Cu-Sn System. , 7.3.3. Cu-Al System -- 7.4. Order/Disorder Transformations -- Reference -- Bibliography -- Chapter 8: Solid-State Transformations in the Fe-C System -- 8.1. Equilibrium Transformations in the Metastable Fe-C System -- 8.1.1. Constituents of the Metastable Fe-C System -- 8.1.2. Austenite-Ferrite Transformation Kinetics -- 8.1.3. Fe-Fe3C Metastable Diagram -- 8.1.4. Equilibrium Cooling Microstructures of Steels and White Cast Irons -- 8.1.4.1. Hypereutectoid Steels -- 8.1.4.2. Hypoeutectoid Steels With Less Than 0.0218% C -- 8.1.4.3. Hypoeutectoid Steels With More Than 0.0218% C -- 8.1.4.4. Hypoeutectic White Castings -- 8.1.4.5. Hypereutectic White Castings -- 8.1.5. Ultimate Stress Estimation in Binary Ferritic-Pearlitic Steels -- 8.1.6. Cooling at a Rate Faster Than Equilibrium -- 8.1.7. Influence of Alloying Elements in the Metastable Fe-Fe3C Diagram -- 8.1.7.1. Gamma-Stabilizing Elements -- 8.1.7.2. Alpha-Stabilizing Elements -- 8.1.7.3. Precipitate-Forming Elements (Microalloying) -- 8.2. Nonequilibrium Transformations of Austenite During Cooling -- 8.2.1. Pearlitic Transformation -- 8.2.2. Bainitic Transformation -- 8.2.3. Martensitic Transformation -- 8.2.4. TTT (Time-Temperature-Transformation) Curves -- 8.3. Heat Treatments -- 8.3.1. Austenite Formation by Heating at T> -- A3 -- 8.3.2. Tempering of Martensite -- 8.3.3. Tempering of Bainite and Pearlite -- References -- Bibliography -- Chapter 9: Ternary Systems -- 9.1. Interpretation of Ternary Diagrams -- 9.1.1. Graphic Representation -- 9.1.2. Equilibrium of Two Phases -- 9.1.3. Equilibrium Between Three Phases -- 9.1.4. Equilibrium Between Four Phases -- 9.1.4.1. Low Melting Point Alloys -- 9.2. Ternary Diagrams in Metallography -- 9.2.1. Pb-Sb-Sn System -- 9.2.2. Al-Cu-Si System -- Reference -- Bibliography -- Index -- Back Cover.

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-12-812607-8

Language: English

UID:

Format: X, 318 p. 65 illus., 29 illus. in color. , online resource.

Edition: 1st ed. 2020.

ISBN: 9783030546069

Series Statement: Topics in Mining, Metallurgy and Materials Engineering,

Content: This textbook explores the production of pig iron, covering the first part of the steel production process, known as ironmaking. Divided into seven chapters, it discusses the following topics: raw materials for steel production (coking coal, iron ore, slag-forming agents and fluxes, scrap, ferroalloys and pre-reduced materials), the sintering process (used to prepare the burden for the blast furnace), the pelletizing process (used to agglomerate the fine iron ores), the production of coke (the main reductant in the ironmaking process), the production of iron by reduction with gas (an alternative to the blast furnace) and the production of pig iron in the blast furnace (which is used in more than 65% of steel production worldwide). Specially conceived for graduate and undergraduate courses, this book is based on more than 30 years of teaching experience in courses for undergraduates, graduates (master and Ph.D.) and industry professionals (technicians). It explores the recent trends in the iron- and steelmaking process (which might used in the future production of steel), and features 55 worked exercises and real-world problems to complement of the theoretical sections of the text.

Note: Chapter 1 - Raw Materials -- Chapter 2 - Sintering -- Chapter 3 - Pelletizing -- Chapter 4 - Pelletizing -- Chapter 5 - Production of Iron by Reduction with Gas -- Chapter 6 - Production of Iron in the Blast Furnace -- Chapter 7 - Strengths and Uncertainties of the Iron Metallurgy.

In: Springer Nature eBook

Additional Edition: Printed edition: ISBN 9783030546052

Additional Edition: Printed edition: ISBN 9783030546076

Additional Edition: Printed edition: ISBN 9783030546083

Language: English

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-54606-9

URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54606-9