UID:
kobvindex_HPB1357017474
Format:
1 online resource (viii, 569 pages) :
,
illustrations (chiefly color).
ISBN:
9783030944292
,
3030944298
Series Statement:
New approaches to the scientific study of religion ; volume 12
Content:
This Open Access book explores how children draw god. It looks at childrens drawings collected in a large variety of cultural and religious traditions. Coverage demonstrates the richness of drawing as a method for studying representations of the divine. In the process, it also contributes to our understanding of this concept, its origins, and its development. This intercultural work brings together scholars from different disciplines and countries, including Switzerland, Japan, Russia, Iran, Brazil, and the Netherlands. It does more than share the results of their research and analysis. The volume also critically examines the contributions and limitations of this methodology. In addition, it also reflects on the new empirical and theoretical perspectives within the broader framework of the study of this concept. The concept of god is one of the most difficult to grasp. This volume offers new insights by focusing on the many different ways children depict god throughout the world. Readers will discover the importance of spatial imagery and color choices in drawings of god. They will also learn about how the divine's emotional expression correlates to age, gender, and religiosity as well as strategies used by children who are prohibited from representing their god.
Note:
Intro -- Contents -- Chapter 1: Introduction to the Interdisciplinary and Intercultural Project Children's Drawings of Gods: Presentation of the Project and of this Book -- Presentation of the Children's Drawings of Gods Project -- A Work in Progress: From the Genesis of the Project to the Present -- Procedure and Instructions -- Ethical Considerations -- God, "God", Gods, Supernatural Agent: A Note on Terminology -- Organisation of this Book -- References -- Part I: Towards an Integrative Model -- Chapter 2: Integrative Model of Children's Representations of God in Drawings -- Outline of the Presentation -- Definitions -- Anthropomorphism in the Representation of Gods: Cognitive and Developmental Perspectives -- A Cognitive Perspective -- A Developmental Perspective -- Gender in Children's Drawings of Gods -- Influence of Cultural Representations in Children's Drawings of Gods -- Children's Drawings of Gods from the Point of View of Attachment Theory -- Emotionality in Children's Drawings of Gods -- Impact of Religious Education and Religious Socialization on Children's Drawings of Gods -- Ambivalence: Attributing Contradictory Properties Simultaneously to Signify a Being Beyond Any Categorization -- Synthesis -- References -- Part II: Focus on the Main Figure: Anthropomorphic and Gender Features -- Chapter 3: Children's God Representations: Are Anthropomorphic God Figures Only Human? -- Anthropomorphism in Religion -- Cognitive Approaches to Religion -- The Preparedness Hypothesis -- Ontological Categories of the Divine in Childhood -- The Semi-Propositional Nature of Cultural Representations -- Concept Development: Children's Cognition and Socio-Cultural Background -- Categories and Domain-Specific Information -- The Importance of Testimony in Children's Development of Various Concepts -- Complexity of God Figures: A View of Multiplicity.
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Un-Dichotomizing a Binary-Based Change and Calling into Question Non-Anthropomorphic-Abstract/Symbolic Connections -- Types of God Representations and Their Multiplicity -- Conceptual Hybridism: A Case for God Representations? -- Anthropomorphic vs. Non-Anthropomorphic God Figures in Children's Drawings of God -- A Revised Developmental Perspective on Anthropomorphic God Representations: Progressive De-Anthropomorphization -- What Is Meant by De-Anthropomorphization? -- What Is the Developmental Course for De-Anthropomorphization of Children's Representations of God? -- General Scientific Rationale -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4: Humanness and Non-Humanness in Children's Drawings of God: A Case Study from French-Speaking Switzerland -- Current Research -- General Rationale -- Purpose of This Research -- General Method -- Data Collection -- Participants -- Materials -- Procedure -- Religiosity Measures -- Predictor Variables -- Religious Affiliation and Prayer Practice -- Statistical Analyses -- Study 1: Anthropomorphic vs. Non-Anthropomorphic God Figures: A Replication Study -- Study 1: Aim, Objective, and Research Question -- Hypotheses -- Construction of a Model of Anthropomorphism in God Representations -- Classification Procedure -- Classification System in the Model -- Results -- Discussion -- Study 2: Beyond Binaries: Empirically Testing Children's Utilization of De-Anthropomorphization Strategies -- Aim, Objective and Research Question -- Hypotheses -- Method -- Assessment and Analyses -- Familiarization with the Data, Inventorying and Sampling Down -- De-Anthropomorphizing Strategies -- Cross-Category -- Within-the-Human-Figure Category: Features -- Scission-Combination -- Through the Background -- Constructing a Model of De-Anthropomorphization -- Samples -- Scoring Procedure -- Sample Characteristics -- Results.
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Hypotheses Testing -- Testing Hypothesis 1 -- De-Anthropomorphization -- Testing Hypothesis 2 -- Developmental Patterns -- Additional Considerations: Fundamental Graphic Techniques -- Discussion -- General Discussion -- Limitations and Future Research -- Practical Implications -- Religious Education -- General Teaching -- Conclusion -- Appendix -- References -- Chapter 5: Construction and Transgression of Gender Categories in Representations of Divine Figures: A Cross-Cultural Study of Children's Drawings -- Data Collection in Several Socio-Cultural and Religious Environments -- Hurdles Faced by the Participants, Hurdles Faced by the Researchers -- Forms of Normative Pressure and Transgressive Gender Typing -- Gender Categories and Children's Socio-Demographics -- Data Sample -- Gender Categories and Object of Study -- Distribution of Gender Categories -- Cross-Cultural and Inter-Faith Comparison on Feminine Figures -- Gender of the Divine Figure vs. Gender of Participant -- Developmental Aspects -- Summary -- Strategies Used by Children to Express Gender in Drawings of God -- Masculine Divine Figures -- Feminine Divine Figures -- Androgynous Divine Figures -- Undifferentiated Divine Figures -- Summary -- Discussion -- References -- Chapter 6: Where Gods Dwell? Part I: Spatial Imagery in Children's Drawings of Gods -- God's Dwelling Place as Shown in Children's Drawings: A Literature Review -- Aims of the Study -- Data Sample -- Method -- Drawing Task -- Coding Drawings -- Statistical Analysis -- Results -- Effects of Culture and Religion -- Effects of Age -- Effect of Children's Gender -- Effects of Religious or Regular Schooling Contexts -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7: Where Gods Dwell? Part II: Embodied Cognition Approach and Children's Drawings of Gods.
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The Embodied Cognition Approach and God Representation: A Literature Review -- Aims and Hypotheses -- Data Sample -- Method -- Drawing Task -- Annotation -- Statistical Analysis -- Results -- Control of Drawing Orientation and Composition Type -- Location of the God Figure in Relation to the Midline of the Page -- Predictors of an Up-Location of the God Figure -- Distribution of God Figures Across Three Parts of the Page: Down, Middle, Up -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- Limits of the Present Research and Potential Directions of Future Research -- References -- Part III: Focus on Material Features -- Chapter 8: Automated Colour Identification and Quantification in Children's Drawings of God -- Colour in Religion -- Colour in General Children's Drawings Research -- Colour in Children's Drawings of Gods -- Hypotheses and Aims -- Method -- Drawing Task -- Sample -- Automated Colour Identification -- Data Analysis -- Results -- Number of Colours Used in Drawings -- Country and/or Culture -- Gender -- Age -- Type of Schooling -- The Most Used Colours in the Whole Dataset -- The Most Used Colours by Country, Gender, Age, and Type of Schooling -- Country and/or Culture -- Gender -- Age -- Type of Schooling -- General Discussion -- Conclusion -- Limitations -- References -- Chapter 9: Computer Vision and Mathematical Methods Used to Analyse Children's Drawings of God(s) -- Method -- Dataset -- Features -- Gravity -- Colour Frequencies -- Colour Organization -- God Position -- Anthropomorphism -- Dissimilarities Based on Features -- Clustering Based on Dissimilarities -- Results -- Anthropomorphism -- Position and Gravity -- Position -- Gravity -- Combination of Position and Gravity -- Colour -- Colour Frequencies -- Colour Gravity -- Colour Organization -- Combination of Features Directly Extracted from the Drawing -- Combination of All Features.
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Correlation Between Numeric Features -- Discussion -- References -- Part IV: Focus on Emotional Features and Attachment Style -- Chapter 10: Emotional Expression in Children's Drawings of God -- The Development of Expressive Drawing and Individual Differences -- The Case for Studying Emotional Expression in Children's Concept of God -- Research on Children's Drawings of God -- A Quantitative Examination on the Intensity and Valence of Emotional Expression in Children's Drawings of God -- Narrative Account of God and Theological Themes -- God is Sovereign and Ineffable -- God the Creator -- God Is Love, Peace, Watching over Us -- God Is Angry and Punishing -- Jesus' Crucifixion and/or Sacrifice -- God Is Our Friend, Our Guide -- Heaven and Hell -- Discussion -- References -- Chapter 11: Different Attachment Styles in Relation to Children's Drawings of God: A Qualitative Exploration of the Use of Symbols in a Dutch Sample -- Theoretical Framework: God Representations and Attachment Theory -- Attachment Relationships and Religion -- Children's Drawings of Gods and Attachment -- Empirical Research: Process, Findings, and New Questions -- Comparing Drawings by Securely and Insecurely Attached Children: A Qualitative Analysis -- Research Questions, Hypotheses and Attachment Questionnaire -- Method -- Results -- Images -- Discussion and Conclusion -- References -- Part V: Focus on Specific Cultural Contexts -- Chapter 12: Iranian Children's Drawings of God: Demographic and Contextual Considerations -- Method -- Population and Sample -- Instruments -- Procedure -- Data Analysis Methods -- Ethical Considerations -- Results -- Discussion -- Children's Representations of God -- Representations of God in Terms of Child's Gender -- Children's Representations of God in Terms of Their Age -- Children's Representations of God in Terms of Their Social Environment.
,
English.
Additional Edition:
Print version: Brandt, Pierre-Yves When Children Draw Gods Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2022 ISBN 9783030944285
Language:
English
DOI:
10.1007/978-3-030-94429-2
URL:
Click here to view book
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