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  • 1
    UID:
    almahu_9948191468102882
    Format: 84 p. ; , 20 x 27cm.
    ISBN: 9789289328036 , 9789289328463
    Series Statement: TemaNord,
    Content: This project identifies thousands of tonnes per annum of potential enhanced plastics recycling from Nordic electronic waste. Plastics recycling does not always feature prominently in waste treatment. Recycling is technologically viable although the market and economic landscape is challenging. Easy export markets for waste plastic are largely closed and near-source treatment is increasingly needed. Concerns include issues of quality and worries about hazardous materials. Positively engaging electronics producers - beyond the bare punitive requirements within extended responsibility schemes – is a crucial driver for further developments. The report is part of the Nordic Prime Ministers’ overall green growth initiative: “The Nordic Region – leading in green growth”. Read more in the web magazine “Green Growth the Nordic Way” at www.nordicway. org or at www.norden.org/greengrowthThe report for Part 2 will be published in December 2014.
    Language: English
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  • 2
    UID:
    almahu_9948191467402882
    Format: 135 p. ; , 20 x 27cm.
    ISBN: 9789289328456 , 9789289328050
    Series Statement: TemaNord,
    Content: The first report from the project “Improvements in existing collection and recycling systems for plastic waste from households and other municipal waste sources” is focused on describing the existing situation when it comes to collection and recycling of plastic waste in the Nordic countries. The streams covered are (all from both households and other MSW sources):• Plastic packaging waste.• Non-packaging small plastic waste.• Plastic bulky waste. Similarities and differences among the Nordic countries are presented in the report. The findings provide input into the development of suggestions for improvements. The report is part of the Nordic Prime Ministers’ green growth initiative: “The Nordic Region – leading in green growth.” Read more in the web magazine “Green Growth the Nordic Way” at www.nordicway. org or at www.norden.org/greengrowthThe report for Part 2 will be published in December 2014.
    Language: English
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  • 3
    UID:
    almahu_9948191600102882
    Format: 46 p. ; , 20 x 27cm.
    ISBN: 9789289339483 , 9789289339490
    Series Statement: TemaNord,
    Content: I tider med svakere økonomiske utsikter og høy arbeidsledighet i mange land i Europa, får spørsmålet om dagpengesystemene mer oppmerksomhet. Presset på velferdsmodellene øker og får konsekvenser for kvaliteten på tjenestene brukerne tilbys. Å møtes for å diskutere, gi hverandre innspill og tilbakemeldinger, overføre og dele kunnskap i forhold til utviklingen av de nordiske modellene er viktig. Samlingene i dagpengenettverket er en slik arena. Her møtes eksperter som jobber med arbeidsløshetsforsikringsspørsmål (dagpenger), forskere, politikkutviklere og andre interessenter fra de 6 nordiske landene. Møtene utgjør en viktig plattform for å drøfte arbeidsløshetsforsikringsspørsmål i relasjon til nordisk arbeidsog velferdspolitikk. Nordisk Arbeidsløshetsforskringsmøte 2014 fant sted i Stavanger 26. og 27. juni. Denne rapporten er oppsummering og dokumentasjon fra møtet.
    Note: Introduction and background -- Future solutions for Nordic plastic recycling -- References -- Conclusions -- Definitions used in the report -- Summary.
    Language: English
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  • 4
    UID:
    almahu_9948191598502882
    Format: 164 p. ; , 20 x 27cm.
    ISBN: 9789289335454
    Series Statement: TemaNord,
    Content: A Nordic study has been carried out to develop a methodology for the setting of criteria for acceptance of monolithic waste at landfills in accordance with the requirements in the Council Decision 2003/33/EC, to recommend appropriate methods to test monolithic waste and to propose associated criteria/limit values for acceptance of monolithic waste at landfills. This report contains the main conclusions of the study. The study was financed by the Working Group for products and waste (The PA-group) under the Nordic Council of Ministers.
    Note: Summary -- Monolithic waste landfills in Finland -- The TAC methodology for development of acceptance criteria -- Standardisation work on leaching tests for monolithic waste -- Testing of monolithic waste -- Results of leaching tests carried out on stabilised wastes -- Definition of “monolithic” waste -- Release modelling of monolithic landfill scenarios -- References -- Acceptance criteria for the equilibrium situation -- Test of the equilibrium assumption for three stabilised waste materials in landfill scenarios -- Approach -- Description of the source term when assuming equilibrium -- WAC for landfilling of monolithic waste in other countries -- Monolithic waste landfills in Sweden, some examples -- Introduction -- Monolithic landfills in practice -- Conclusions and recommendations.
    Language: English
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  • 5
    UID:
    almahu_9948191565402882
    Format: 104 p.
    ISBN: 9789289349901 , 9789289349888
    Series Statement: TemaNord,
    Content: Critical raw materials (CRM) are used in various applications in different sectors, and their consumption will likely further increase in future. The threats caused by their limited availability and high prices have led to discussion on more efficient use of the resources available. The enhanced recycling of critical raw materials could be a significant opportunity for the Nordic countries.This report focuses on the recycling potential of wastes containing CRMs, analyses of the bottlenecks of recycling, and identifies potential policy instruments to eliminate the barriers or reduce their impact. In order to enhance sustainable recycling, the Nordic countries should improve knowledge of CRM availability, develop new recycling strategies, support demonstration and selected R&D actions, and strengthen Nordic influence on the development of European legislation and standards.
    Note: Conclusions -- Summary -- Identified bottlenecks for increased ELV recycling according to NEW_InnoNet and other sources -- Policy instruments -- Preface -- CRM contents in generated ELV -- Current status and bottlenecks of recycling -- Critical raw materials in the selected applications in the Nordic countries -- Workshop summary -- Data collection -- References -- Introduction.
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (Campus and remote access)
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  • 6
    UID:
    almahu_9948191565702882
    Format: 115 p.
    ISBN: 9789289338905 , 9789289338912
    Series Statement: TemaNord,
    Content: Achieving a high quality of waste plastic materials and recycling processes is a key challenge in closing the resource loops for plastics. This report reviews the status and trends for plastic waste flows and treatment in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. Furthermore, it gives an overview of existing policy instruments and the main challenges for designing policy instruments for improved recycling of plastic waste in these Nordic countries. The report identifies potential market failures associated with closing the resource loops for plastics. It reviews the economics research literature on policy instrument design for achieving optimal recycling rates and makes policy recommendations from the Nordic perspective. Finally, it presents results from a survey on market conditions to managers in the recycling and plastic manufacturing industry in Sweden.
    Note: Evaluation and Comparison of Policies in Countries -- Existing Policy Instruments in the four Nordic Countries -- Concluding Summary -- References -- Recyclers and Manufacturers -- Status and Trends of Plastic Waste in Nordic Countries -- Introduction -- Household Behaviour and Recycling -- Private Actors in the Circular Economy of Plastics -- Summary -- Economic Policy Instruments for Recycling of Plastic Waste -- Foreword.
    Language: English
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  • 7
    UID:
    almahu_9948191596302882
    Format: 106 p.
    ISBN: 9789289360159 , 9789289360142
    Series Statement: TemaNord,
    Content: A pre-demolition audit is a tool that can be used to both identify hazardous substances and assess the materials to be removed from the building or infrastructure, and consequently their potential value, prior to the demolition or renovation activity can be established. Audits are essential since they enable all stakeholders involved to get information on the composition of waste and make it easier to find markets for different waste types. It is likely that the European Commission will recommend all Member States to make this pre-demolition audit mandatory to increase high quality recycling of construction and demolition waste. The report presents the current pre-demolition audit systems and existing guidelines in Denmark, Finland and Sweden. The report gives recommendations on key elements to be included in audits for improving the quality of the construction and demolition waste.
    Note: -- Review of current waste audit systems in Denmark, Finland and Sweden -- Hazardous substances in construction products included in some national guidance documents -- Review of management of hazardous substances in waste -- Practice outside Denmark, Finland and Sweden -- Glossary -- Introduction and background -- Review of waste management in Denmark, Finland and Sweden -- Preface -- Summary -- Elements for further improvement of pre-demolition audit -- Acknowledgements -- Terms and definitions.
    Language: English
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  • 8
    UID:
    almahu_9948191447302882
    Format: 54 p. ; , 20 x 27cm.
    ISBN: 9789289329842
    Series Statement: TemaNord,
    Content: This report illustrates the consequences for hazardous waste classification in the Nordic countries by introducing leaching criteria (Criterion H15). Data on secondary aggregates and waste were compared to the proposed H15 criterion and the amounts of waste exceeding the criteria were evaluated. The quality of leaching data and waste statistics varies considerably between countries and waste types. Therefore it is not possible to give a precise estimate of how much waste would have to be classified as hazardous waste if the proposed leaching criteria were introduced. However, the collected data indicated that the amount of contaminated soil, municipal waste incineration bottom ash, fly ash (both coal fly ash and bio fly ash) and metallurgical slag classified as hazardous could be expected to increase substantially if leaching criteria were introduced. The proposed H15 criteria have been developed specifically for protection of groundwater under landfill conditions, based on certain, specified assumptions and scenarios and did not address hazardousness or environmental impacts in general. The leaching test methods used are not equally suitable for all materials e.g. mining waste, and their applicability depends on a number of prerequisites including sample pre-treatment which can have a significant effect on the results. Such general use of leaching criteria and test methods developed for other purposes could lead to non-harmonised and erroneous classification.
    Note: Summary, discussion and Conclusions -- Leaching data for soils -- References -- Preface -- Consequences of new classification H15 criteria -- Classification of Hazardous waste in the Nordic Countries -- Introduction.
    Language: English
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  • 9
    UID:
    almahu_9948191452902882
    Format: 119 p.
    ISBN: 9789289348485 , 9789289348508
    Series Statement: TemaNord,
    Content: The aim of the project is to create knowledge on how plastics recycling can increase without increasing the risk of emitting hazardous substances to the environment.The first general conclusion is that to be able to increase recycling there are measures needed at different levels. The following areas are of interest: Legislation: new legislation is not necessary, but harmonisation and clear guidance to the existing one is. Market: to create a market safety on content is needed. If substances added are less hazardous the recycled raw material would be “more safe” to use. There should be higher attention put on the knowledge of the recyclers. Traceability and content: Further work on labelling reaching the recycle part of the value chain needs to be developed. It is also needed to develop a systematic approach towards risk assessments linked to recycling.
    Note: Summary -- Conclusions and discussion -- Hazardous substances used in plastics -- References -- Collection and recycling of plastic waste in the Nordic countries -- Hazardous substances in plastic; materials, products and waste -- Legislative framework and standards for products and waste -- Identification and separation of hazardous substances in plastic wastes -- Introduction and background.
    Language: English
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  • 10
    UID:
    almahu_9948191580702882
    Format: 120 p.
    ISBN: 9789289345347 , 9789289345323
    Series Statement: TemaNord,
    Content: In European legislation, waste is classified either as hazardous or non-hazardous. Hazardous waste is a waste that due to its (intrinsic) chemical or other properties poses a risk to the environment and/or human health. The legislation for waste classification was revised in 2014 in order to align it with the chemical legislation, the CLP Regulation, but some criteria and assessment procedures for the interpretation of the hazardousness were left open. Waste classification has several implications on the waste management. This report presents challenges in the hazardous waste classification. In this report, the authors express their views on the interpretation of the waste status, especially focusing on the potentially recyclable high volume waste streams. Also recommendations for the assessement of some hazardous properties are included.
    Note: Acknowledgements -- Conclusions and recommendations in a Nordic context -- Tools and methods for data procurement -- The use of alkali reserve-method for determination of Hazard properties “irritant” (HP4) and “corrosive” (HP8) -- Summary Amendments to the European Waste Classification regulation – what do they mean and what are the consequences? -- Terms and abbreviations -- Use of calculation methods and test methods for determination of hazardous property “ecotoxicity” (HP 14) -- Testing of alkali reserve method and ecotoxicity methods on selected mineral wastes -- Composition data on bottom ash -- Ecotoxicity testing of 6 wastewater sludges -- Introduction -- Geochemical modelling of Zn-species in incineration bottom ash -- Tiered procedure for hazard property assessment -- Implications of the revised waste classification legislation on the management of selected waste streams -- Preface.
    Language: English
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