Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

UID:

Format: 1 Online-Ressource (XV, 112 p. 1 illus).

Edition: 1st ed. 2023

ISBN: 978-981-1973-95-6

Series Statement: SpringerBriefs in Computer Science

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 978-981-1973-94-9

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 978-981-1973-96-3

Language: English

DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-7395-6

URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)

URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (929 pages) : , color illustrations.

Edition: 1st edition

ISBN: 0-08-100185-1 , 0-08-100167-3

Series Statement: Woodhead publishing series in energy

Content: Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) Technologies discusses this innovative power generation technology that combines modern coal gasification technology with both gas turbine and steam turbine power generation, an important emerging technology which has the potential to significantly improve the efficiencies and emissions of coal power plants. The advantages of this technology over conventional pulverized coal power plants include fuel flexibility, greater efficiencies, and very low pollutant emissions. The book reviews the current status and future developments of key technologies involved in IGCC plants and how they can be integrated to maximize efficiency and reduce the cost of electricity generation in a carbon-constrained world. The first part of this book introduces the principles of IGCC systems and the fuel types for use in IGCC systems. The second part covers syngas production within IGCC systems. The third part looks at syngas cleaning, the separation of CO2 and hydrogen enrichment, with final sections describing the gas turbine combined cycle and presenting several case studies of existing IGCC plants. Provides an in-depth, multi-contributor overview of integrated gasification combined cycle technologies Reviews the current status and future developments of key technologies involved in IGCC plants Provides several case studies of existing IGCC plants around the world

Note: Includes index. , Front Cover -- Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) Technologies -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- 1 An overview of IGCC systems -- 1.1 Introduction of IGCC -- 1.2 Layouts of key IGCC components and processes -- Detailed Description of Each Process and Component -- 1.3 Gasification process -- 1.3.1 Pyrolysis -- 1.3.2 Devolatilization -- 1.3.3 Volatiles cracking -- 1.3.4 Endothermic steam-char and carbon dioxide-char gasification processes -- 1.3.5 Water-gas shift (WGS) process inside gasifiers -- 1.3.6 Methanation -- 1.4 Gasifiers -- 1.4.1 Various operation methods of gasifiers -- 1.4.1.1 By feeding conditions (slurry vs dry) -- 1.4.1.2 By oxidizing agent (air-blown vs oxygen-blown) -- 1.4.1.3 By flow directions (counter-flow vs parallel-flow): -- 1.4.1.4 By ash melting condition (slagging vs non-slagging) -- 1.4.1.5 By wall structure (insulation vs cooling) -- 1.4.1.6 By staging feedstock and/or oxidant injections (single vs two-stage) -- 1.4.1.7 By feedstock injection scheme (tangential vs opposing jets) -- 1.4.2 Summary of gasifiers and their performance -- 1.5 Syngas cooling -- 1.6 Gas cleanup system -- 1.6.1 Particulates removal -- 1.6.2 Mercury removal -- 1.6.3 Acid gas removal (AGR) sulfur removal -- 1.6.3.1 COS hydrolysis -- 1.6.3.2 Sulfur removal -- 1.6.4 Sulfur recovery -- 1.6.5 Warm and hot gas cleanup -- 1.7 WGS application for pre-combustion CO2 capture -- 1.7.1 Sour-shift CCS -- 1.7.2 Sweet-shift CCS -- 1.7.3 Post-combustion CCS -- 1.8 Combined cycle power island -- 1.8.1 Gas turbine systems -- 1.8.1.1 NOx emissions -- 1.8.1.2 Syngas and hydrogen-rich fuel combustion -- 1.8.1.3 Turbine blade cooling -- 1.8.2 Air integration between GT compressor and ASU -- 1.8.3 Heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) -- 1.8.4 Steam turbine systems -- 1.8.5 Steam/thermal integration in IGCC -- 1.9 Economics. , 1.9.1 Examples of economic analysis from the U.S. Department of Energy -- 1.9.2 Capital cost and cost of electricity (COE) -- 1.9.3 CO2 captured and avoided costs -- 1.10 Cogasification of coal/biomass -- 1.10.1 Biomass pretreatment -- 1.10.2 An example of techno-economic analysis of blending biomass in coal-fed IGCC plant -- 1.10.2.1 Results of coal/biomass cogasification study -- 1.11 Polygeneration -- 1.12 Conclusion -- Nomenclatures and acronyms -- References -- I. Fuel types for use in IGCC systems -- 2 Utilization of coal in IGCC systems -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Integrated gasification combined cycle demonstration systems -- 2.2.1 Operating IGCC plants -- 2.2.2 Factors affecting the utilization of coal in IGCC -- 2.3 Characteristics of coals -- 2.3.1 Chemical composition -- 2.3.2 Petrographic properties -- 2.3.3 Grindability -- 2.3.4 Friability -- 2.3.5 Caking properties -- 2.3.6 Reactivity -- 2.3.7 Char morphology -- 2.3.8 Inorganic species -- 2.4 Comparison of high-rank coals versus low-rank coals properties for IGCC applications -- 2.5 Coal preparation -- 2.5.1 Coal preparation for dry-feed gasifiers -- 2.5.2 Coal drying for low-rank coals -- 2.5.3 Coal preparation for slurry feed gasifiers -- 2.6 Feeding system -- 2.6.1 Development of liquid CO2-coal slurry feed system -- 2.7 Influence of coal rank on gasifier operation -- 2.7.1 Lignites -- 2.7.2 Subbituminous coals -- 2.7.3 Bituminous coals -- 2.8 Utilization of other feedstocks in IGCC -- 2.8.1 Biomass -- 2.8.2 Petcoke -- 2.9 Areas for improvement in gasification for viable use of IGCC technology -- References -- 3 Petroleum coke (petcoke) and refinery residues -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Overview of petroleum coke for use in gasification plants -- 3.2.1 Petcoke uses -- 3.2.2 Petcoke composition -- 3.2.3 Petcoke grades -- 3.2.4 Coking in petroleum refineries. , 3.3 Overview of the refinery residues for use in gasification plants -- 3.3.1 Refinery residue process schemes -- 3.3.2 Liquid refinery residues composition -- 3.3.3 Gasification operating conditions -- 3.3.3.1 Viscosity range and temperature range -- 3.3.3.2 Gasifier operating conditions -- 3.3.3.3 Handling of heavy metals in gasification -- 3.4 Integration of refineries with gasification plants -- 3.4.1 Case studies -- 3.5 Conclusions -- Further Reading -- 4 Biomass feedstock for IGCC systems -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Biomass feedstocks for gasification -- 4.2.1 Types of biomass and characteristics -- 4.2.2 Biomass resources and availability -- 4.3 Preparation of biomass for gasification -- 4.3.1 Physical and mechanical options -- 4.3.1.1 Foreign materials removal -- 4.3.1.2 Size reduction -- 4.3.1.3 Briquetting and pelletization -- 4.3.1.4 Mechanical dehumidification -- 4.3.2 Thermal options -- 4.3.2.1 Drying -- Perforated floor bins -- Band conveyors -- Rotary kilns -- Fluid bed and pneumatic dryers -- 4.3.2.2 Torrefaction -- 4.3.2.3 Pyrolysis -- 4.3.3 By-products from bioethanol production -- 4.3.4 Blending versus 100% biomass gasification -- 4.4 IGCC Technology options for biomass fuels -- 4.4.1 IGCC Technologies -- 4.4.2 Biomass IGCC applications -- 4.4.3 Future trends for biomass use in IGCC applications -- 4.5 Conclusions -- Nomenclatures and acronyms -- References -- 5 Municipal wastes and other potential fuels for use in IGCC systems -- 5.1 Municipal solid waste and gasification technology -- 5.1.1 Introduction -- 5.1.1.1 Characteristics and types of municipal solid waste -- 5.1.2 Current waste management practice -- 5.1.2.1 Landfill as a waste management option -- 5.1.2.2 Incineration as a waste management option -- 5.1.2.3 Other alternatives/waste-to-energy processes -- 5.1.3 Comparison of gasification over other alternatives. , 5.2 Plasma gasification technology -- 5.2.1 Plasma gasification versus other technologies -- 5.2.2 Benefits and advantages of gasification technology -- 5.2.3 Plasma torches -- 5.2.3.1 Plasma torch ratings/performance and application -- 5.3 Commercial facilities (WPC plasma gasification technology) -- 5.3.1 Japanese commercial demonstration plant-Hitachi Metals, Yoshii, Japan -- 5.3.2 Eco Valley, Utashinai, Japan -- 5.3.3 Mihama-Mikata, Japan -- 5.3.4 Maharashtra Enviro Power Ltd. (MEPL), Pune, India -- 5.3.5 Sunshine Kaidi New Energy Group Co., Ltd. (Kaidi), Wuhan, China -- 5.3.6 GTS Energy, Shanghai, China -- 5.3.7 Air Products and Chemicals Ltd., Tees Valley Renewable Energy Facility 1 and 2, UK -- 5.4 Process description-IPGCC power plant -- 5.4.1 Advantages and disadvantages of IPGCC plant versus the Rankine cycle -- 5.4.2 Refueling and fossil fuel reduction -- 5.4.3 Example of IPGCC plant input and output -- 5.5 Environmental considerations -- 5.5.1 Air emissions -- 5.5.2 Slag handling and utilization -- 5.6 Summary/Observations -- 5.6.1 Risks and mitigations/economics -- 5.6.2 Conclusions -- References -- II. Syngas production and cooling -- 6 Gasification fundamentals -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Characterization of fuels -- 6.2.1 Proximate analysis -- 6.2.2 Ultimate analysis -- 6.2.3 Heating value -- 6.3 Classification of fuels -- 6.3.1 Coal rank -- 6.3.2 Elemental composition -- 6.4 Moisture evaporation -- 6.5 Pyrolysis and volatiles release -- 6.5.1 Volatiles yields -- 6.5.2 Simple models for devolatilization -- 6.5.3 Chemical structure models -- 6.5.4 Heating rate effects -- 6.5.5 Particle size effects -- 6.5.6 Blowing factor -- 6.5.7 Swelling -- 6.6 Heterogenous reactions -- 6.6.1 Char oxidation -- 6.6.2 Char gasification -- 6.7 Mineral matter transformations and ash deposition -- 6.7.1 Types of transformations -- 6.7.2 Deposition pathways. , 6.7.3 Composition effects on deposit behavior -- 6.8 Syngas composition -- 6.9 Air-blown versus oxygen blown -- 6.10 Summary -- References -- 7 Effect of coal nature on the gasification process -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Effect of coal properties on the gasification process -- 7.2.1 Coal reactivity -- 7.2.1.1 Coal rank -- 7.2.1.2 Coal macerals -- 7.2.1.3 Coal porosity and surface area -- 7.2.1.4 Coal minerals content -- Catalytic effects of coal minerals -- Alkali and alkaline metal addition to coal as a catalyst -- 7.2.2 Coal ash and slag properties -- 7.2.2.1 Transformation of mineral matter to ash -- 7.2.2.2 Ash fusion temperature (melting temperature) -- 7.2.2.3 Slag viscosity and the temperature of critical viscosity (TCV) -- 7.2.2.4 Ash-related problems during gasification -- Clinker formation -- Ash agglomeration -- Ash fouling and deposition -- Alkalis and hazardous gases in the syngas -- Ash melting effect on the gasification rate -- 7.2.2.5 Preventing ash-related problems during gasification -- 7.2.3 Coal particle size -- 7.2.3.1 Coal thermal fragmentation -- 7.2.4 Coal caking and swelling -- 7.3 Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 8 Major gasifiers for IGCC systems -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Brief overview of the gasification process -- 8.3 Generic gasifier characteristics -- 8.4 Commercial entrained flow gasifiers -- 8.5 The General Electric gasifier -- 8.5.1 Brief history -- 8.5.2 Gasifier description -- 8.5.3 Gasifier performance -- 8.5.4 Current GE gasifier installations -- 8.6 The Shell coal gasification process -- 8.6.1 Brief history -- 8.6.2 Gasifier description -- 8.6.3 Gasifier performance -- 8.6.4 Current gasifier installations worldwide -- 8.7 The Siemens fuel gasification technology -- 8.7.1 Brief history -- 8.7.2 Gasifier description -- 8.7.3 Gasifier performance -- 8.7.4 Siemens worldwide gasifier deliveries. , 8.8 The CB&.

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 Online-Ressource , Illustrationen

ISBN: 9781789845396

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 978-1-78984-538-9

Language: English

Keywords: Immunisierung ; Impfstoff ; Adjuvans ; Wirkstofffreisetzung

DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.74198

URL: Volltext  (Kostenfrei)

URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)

URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)

UID:

Format: XIV, 181 S. : Portr., Ill., Kt.

ISBN: 0-905838-22-X

Language: English

Subjects: Political Science

Keywords: 1921-2008 Hua, Guofeng ; Biografie

UID:

Format: 1 Online-Ressource

ISBN: 9780253051264

Content: Until now little of China's massive literary output of the last thirty years has been available to American readers. Literature of the People's Republic of Chinapresents a generous sampling in translation of the literature written in the PRC from 1949 to the present. Included here are more than 200 selections: poems, stories, essays, a hsiang-sheng (comic dialogue), and excerpts from novels, plays, movie scripts, and an opera. The collection opens with an excerpt from Mao Tse-tung's 1942 Talks at the Yenan Forum on Literature and Art, which has served as a Chinese Communist literary manifesto. The other selections treat five major themes: the Communist revolution up to 1949, the land reform experience, the Chinese participation in the Korean War, and the socialist reconstruction of the country. Kai-yu Hsu's informative general introduction, his introductions to each section, and explanatory head notes by the translators help place the literature in the context of political campaigns and conflicting ideologies. Literature of the People's Republic of China not only offers a fascinating glimpse into Chinese life but also demonstrates how creative writers have differed in their ideas of how best to serve the revolution

Note: English

Language: Undetermined

URL: kostenfrei

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Format: 1 Online-Ressource (IV, 133 Seiten) : , Illustrationen, Diagramme.

Note: Dissertation Freie Universität Berlin 2023

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Wang, Ting Development and evaluation of nanocrystal formulations and their incorporation into topical semisolid vehicles

Language: English

Keywords: Hochschulschrift

DOI: 10.17169/refubium-40009

URN: urn:nbn:de:kobv:188-refubium-40288-7

URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (xi, 187 pages) : , illustrations

ISBN: 9781118250549 , 1118250540 , 9781118250495 , 1118250494 , 9781118250532 , 1118250532 , 1280672870 , 9781280672873

Series Statement: The ComSoc guides to communications technologies

Content: "Describes the major architectures, standards, and technologies of Passive Optical Networks (PONs). The ComSoc Guide to Passive Optical Networks provides readers with a concise explanation of the key features of Passive Optical Networks (PONs); the different types of PON architectures and standards; key issues of PON devices, management, and implementation; and the promising business opportunities in access networks. Written for a broad audience, ranging from developers to users, this indispensable book provides an understanding o the evolutionary path of PON access systems and their positioning with respect to the cable, copper, and wireless competitors for broadband access networks. In addition, The ComSoc Guide to Passive Optical Networks: Provides brief, high-level overviews of the architectures and applications of Fiber-to-the-Home (FTTH) or Fiber-to-the-Curb (FTTC) access networks and the alternative HFC, subscriber line, and WiMAX access systems; Awards readers with a clear understanding of what BPON, GPON, WDM-PON and EPON are and how they work, together with an introduction to their respective standards; Carefully defines all acronyms and technical terms, making the book accessible to those who may not be specialists in this area; Gives readers an appreciation of the last mile problems in telecommunications access networks, and the opportunities in optical-wireless integration."--Publisher's description.

Content: "The goal of this guidebook is to provide the general readers with a high level overview of the technology and applications behind the Fiber-to-the-Home (FTTH) or Fiber-to-the-Curb (FTTC) family of standards, which has recently attracted considerable amount of interest in the technical community"--

Note: PON in the Access Picture -- , Why Passive Optical Network (PON) for the Last Mile Access? -- , Services and Applications -- , Legacy Access Technologies -- , Fiber-Optic Access Systems -- , PON Deployment and Evolution -- , PON Architecture and Components -- , Architectural Concepts and Alternatives -- , Passive and Active PON Components -- , Management and Control Elements -- , Techniques and Standards -- , BPON Overview -- , The Full Service Access Network (FSAN) (ITU-T G.983) BPON Standard -- , GPON -- , EPON -- , Recent Advances and Looking to the Future -- , Interoperability -- , Wavelength Division Multiplexed PON (WDM-PON) -- , Subcarrier PON -- , Long-Reach PON -- , Optical-Wireless Integration -- , Scaling Up PON to Much Higher Transmission Rates -- , Conclusion -- , Excerpts from the IEEE 10 Gbps EPON Standard 802.3av-2009.

Additional Edition: Print version: Weinstein, Stephen B. ComSoc guide to passive optical networks. Hoboken, NJ : Wiley, ©2012 ISBN 9780470168844

Language: English

Keywords: Electronic books. ; Electronic books. ; Electronic books. ; Electronic books. ; Electronic books. ; Electronic books.

URL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781118250549

URL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781118250549

URL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781118250549

UID:

Format: Online-Ressource

Edition: 清乾隆集贤堂刻本

Original writing title: 霓裳续谱8卷

Original writing title: 霓裳續譜8卷

Original writing person/organisation: 王廷绍

Original writing person/organisation: 王廷紹

Note: 中国基本古籍库 (电子书数据库)

Language: Chinese

URL: Volltext

UID:

Format: 282 Seiten , 21 cm

Edition: Deutsche Erstausgabe, 1. Auflage

ISBN: 3716027707 , 9783716027707

Uniform Title: Di ren de ying hua

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe Der Kirschbaum meines Feindes Zürich : Arche Literatur Verlag, 2018

Language: German

Subjects: Comparative Studies. Non-European Languages/Literatures

Keywords: Fiktionale Darstellung

Author information: Fiederling, Johannes 1979-

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Edition: 影印清乾隆中集賢堂刊本

Original writing title: 霓裳續譜 八卷首一卷

Original writing person/organisation: 王廷紹

ISBN: 7532524604

Series Statement: xu xiu si ku quan shu / ji bu = xu xiu si ku quan shu / ji bu / qu lei ; 1744(4) 1744(4)

Note: SBB-PK Berlin

Language: Chinese