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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boosting productivity in New Zealand by unleashing digitalisation (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048368172
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (64 Seiten) , 21 x 28cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1707
    Content: This paper overviews structural reforms that promote the diffusion of digital technologies and investment in intangible capital that maximises the potential of these technologies in New Zealand. Effective use of digital technologies enables New Zealand citizens to participate in society in a more inclusive way, firms to strengthen competitiveness and better integrate into the global economy, and the government to offer better services. New Zealand has room to boost its relatively low productivity level by removing the structural bottlenecks holding back the expansion of its digital sector and digital innovation. There are severe shortages of specialised ICT skills owing to COVID-19-related border restrictions and a weak domestic pipeline of these skills that partly results from school students' poor mathematics achievement. Some regulations have not kept pace with technological change and risk constraining digital innovation while failing to prevent harmful activities. More intensive use of digital tools is also held back by the low availability of high-speed Internet connections in rural areas and a lack of financial support for small businesses. Weak coordination between export promotion and innovation support prevents young firms investing in digital innovation from reaping high returns through exporting. New Zealand should rigorously implement its new national digitalisation strategy so that government agencies and social partners can advance digital transformation
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1787/05cc1b5c-en
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Does faster internet increase exports? Evidence from New Zealand (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048675022
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (39 Seiten)
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1730
    Content: This paper explores the relationship between adoption of ultra-fast broadband (UFB) and the export propensity of New Zealand firms. Previous literature have shown that the Internet facilitates exports by reducing search costs and informational frictions in establishing trade relationships. However, the role of faster Internet that enables the use of more recent, advanced, data-intensive digital technologies has not been well explored. This paper shows empirically that adoption of fibre broadband is associated with a higher propensity to enter exporting by New Zealand firms, suggesting that faster Internet has an additional role over traditional Internet in facilitating exporting. The paper also shows that firms that were already using the Internet more intensively prior to adopting fibre experience a stronger increase in export propensity following fibre adoption than those with less intensive Internet use, and that the positive relationship between fibre uptake and exporting is primarily observed among services firms. Instrumental variable analysis to assess the causal relationship between fibre uptake and exporting suggests that the higher export entry among fibre users is driven by self-selection of firms with higher export propensity into fibre uptake
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1787/90ee7e6c-en
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    The survival of Latvian products and firms in export markets (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048368153
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (23 Seiten) , 21 x 28cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1712
    Content: This paper investigates factors that contribute to the survival of export relationships at the firm and product levels using a large anonymised firm-level database for Latvia. It finds that some characteristics of exporting firms, such as a higher productivity level, larger size, lower indebtedness and higher profitability are associated with longer duration of export relationships. Firms that innovated prior to exporting are also likely to enjoy longer export spells, while participation in an EU-fund support programme did not alter duration. Younger staff and management of the firm are associated with a better survival of a new export product. Furthermore, this paper reveals novel roles of export product characteristics in survival, in particular an interesting tension between the complexity of new export products and their "distance" from the existing export bundle. While aiming high, that is, exporting products that are more complex, pays off as such products are associated with longer-lasting trade relationships, aiming too high, that is exporting new products that are far more complex than the exporter's existing product bundle, tends to lower their survival probability
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1787/c304c19c-en
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  • 4
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    Raising well-being in Germany's ageing society (2016)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV047931601
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (43 Seiten) , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers
    Content: Population ageing is setting in earlier in Germany than in most other OECD economies and will be marked. It could lead to a substantial decline in employment, weighing on GDP per capita, and will raise demand for health-related public services. Germany has already implemented far-reaching reforms to mitigate the implications of ageing for per capita income, well-being and the sustainability of public finances. Nonetheless, continued efforts are needed to help older workers to improve their work-life balance and adjust their working hours to their ability and desire to work. Moreover, stressful working conditions and unhealthy lifestyles contribute to poor self-reported health and reduce the ability and willingness to work at higher age. There is scope to promote life-long learning. As the generosity of the public pension system will diminish, the contribution of private pensions to ensure pension adequacy needs to be strengthened
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1787/5jlr3ctrc8bn-en
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 5
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    Technology, labour market institutions and early retirement: evidence from Finland (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV047928741
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (35 Seiten)
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers
    Content: Among various barriers to increasing employment of older workers, this paper focuses on two notable ones that are relevant for the future of work. First, older workers engaged in codifiable, routine tasks are particularly prone to the risk of being displaced by computers and robots. Second, several countries have in place various labour market institutions that encourage early retirement, such as exceptional entitlements or looser criteria for unemployment and disability benefits applied to older individuals. This paper presents evidence that these two factors reinforce each other to push older workers out of employment. It is found that older workers who are more exposed to digital technologies are more likely to leave employment, and that this effect is significantly magnified when they are eligible to an extension of unemployment benefits until they start drawing old age pension. Furthermore, a simple simulation based on the empirical findings illustrates that a reform that tightens the eligibility for the benefit extension would increase mostly the employment of older workers that are more exposed to digital technologies
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1787/3ea0c49b-en
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 6
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    Boosting employment in Finland (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV047928773
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (60 Seiten)
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers
    Content: In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and resulting economic contraction and government debt build-up, the government is formulating reforms to raise employment by 80 thousand workers by 2029. Finland's employment rate has been lagging behind the Scandinavian Nordics, with most of the gap attributable to older workers, who have more favourable access to early retirement schemes than their Scandinavian counterparts. To restrict their use, extended unemployment benefit, which is paid to unemployed persons aged 61 or more after normal unemployment benefit expires until they retire or reach 65, should be phased out and non-medical conditions should no longer be taken into account for disability benefit applications of persons aged 60 or more. Activity rates for mothers of young children are also lower in Finland than in the Scandinavian Nordics mainly owing to Finland's generous homecare allowance. It should be reduced and access to convenient early childhood education and care services expanded to improve mothers' work incentives. By increasing mothers' work experience at critical points in their careers, such a reform would also help to narrow Finland's large gender wage gap. As part of its 2021 budget, the government is setting out labour market reforms to increase employment by 31 to 36 thousand workers. Such reforms should focus on promoting employment of older workers
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1787/fe943c95-en
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  • 7
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    Moving up the global value chain in Latvia (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_1019724536
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1438
    Content: Stronger integration in global value chains would speed up economic convergence to advanced OECD economies and raise living standards. Participation in global value chains (GVCs) offers opportunities for boosting productivity through knowledge transfer and intensive use of technologically advanced inputs. It also enables Latvia to diversify exports into high value added goods and services. Latvia’s participation in GVC lags behind its Baltic and Central European peers. It also draws less value added from GVCs compared to many OECD economies. Nevertheless, GVC participation boosts the productivity of Latvian firms and enables them to increase employment and wages. Strong skills, high innovation capabilities and efficient resource allocation are essential for Latvian firms to engage in more knowledge intensive activities within GVCs. Improving access to higher education, promoting innovation cooperation between Latvian firms and foreign research institutes, reducing the large informal economy and establishing an effective judiciary and insolvency regime would unlock productivity growth through stronger integration in GVCs. This Working Paper relates to the 2017 OECD Economic Survey of Latvia. (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/economic-survey-latvia.htm).
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    Language: English
    Keywords: Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    DOI: 10.1787/3a486c5e-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 8
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    Do EU funds boost productivity and employment? : firm level analysis for Latvia (2018)
    Paris, France : OECD
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_1663560382
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1525
    Content: This paper investigates the effects of spending the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) on productivity, employment and other performance indicators of Latvian firms. After controlling for the fact that more productive and larger firms are more likely to benefit from ERDF resources, we find that participation in projects co-financed by the ERDF increases firms’ employment, turnover and capital stock per employee immediately, while it raises their productivity only three years after the launch of such projects. Furthermore, participants that were initially less productive, larger, less capital intensive and more financially leveraged enjoy larger productivity gains. Also, financing capital investment through the ERDF does not result in any productivity gains compared to the case when it is financed through private funding. However, it results in a larger increase in employment, which is possibly partly due to the firm’s plan to increase employment being one of important criteria for selecting the ERDF beneficiaries.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    Language: English
    Keywords: Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    DOI: 10.1787/98e0a368-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Policies for stronger productivity growth in Latvia (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV047937281
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (50 Seiten)
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers
    Content: Latvia's productivity growth is held back by weak innovation and inefficient resource allocation. The shortage of skilled workers which constrains innovation and the adoption of digital technologies must be addressed through further alignment of vocational and tertiary education with labour market demand. Strengthening the innovation ecosystem by improving the quality of research and collaboration between firms and research institutions would help to diffuse digital technologies more widely across the economy. Fighting widespread informality, improving the low debt recovery through a more efficient insolvency regime, and reducing substantial state ownership would improve the allocation of resources. Latvia also relies heavily on EU funds to finance its important structural policies. The continuity of the most effective EU funded policy instruments needs to be ensured in the medium term, by integrating them into the national budget. This Working Paper relates to the 2019 OECD Economic Survey of Latvia (http://www.oecd.org/economy/surveys/latvia-economic-snapshot/)
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1787/fe4ffc2b-en
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 10
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    Boosting productivity and preparing for the future of work in Germany (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV047934920
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (38 Seiten)
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers
    Content: This paper reviews policies to strengthen Germany's productivity growth and prepare for changes in labour markets brought about by new technologies. This paper also discusses how social protection and the bargaining framework should be reformed for the future of work. Germany enjoys a relatively high labour productivity level but productivity growth has been modest in recent years. There is room to boost productivity growth by accelerating the diffusion of new technologies throughout the economy. Vigorous entrepreneurship and innovation by small and medium enterprises are key for such technology diffusion while strong broadband and mobile networks widen the scope of data-intensive technologies that can be exploited to increase productivity. Widespread use of new technologies will bring about significant changes in skill demand and work arrangements. As in many countries, Germany saw a decline in the share of middle-skilled jobs in employment. A relatively high share of jobs is expected to be automated or undergo significant changes in task contents as a result of technological change. New technologies are also likely to increase individuals engaging in new forms of work, such as gig work intermediated by digital platforms. Such workers are less covered by public social safety nets such as unemployment insurance than regular employment
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1787/df877b3e-en
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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