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  • 1
    UID:
    gbv_845896261
    Format: Online-Ressource (46 p)
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    ISBN: 1451982097 , 9781451982091
    Series Statement: IMF Working Papers Working Paper No. 10/65
    Content: We develop a tractable open-economy new-Keynesian model with two sectors to analyze the short-term effects of aid-financed fiscal expansions. We distinguish between spending the aid, which is under the control of the fiscal authorities, and absorbing the aid-using the aid to finance a higher current account deficit-which is influenced by the central bank''s reserves policy when access to international capital markets is limited. The standard treatment of the transfer problem implicitly assumes spending equals absorption. Here, in contrast, a policy mix that results in spending but not absorbing the aid generates demand pressures and results in an increase in real interest rates. It can also lead to a temporary real depreciation if demand pressures are strong enough to threaten external balance. Certain features of low income countries, such as limited participation in domestic financial markets, make a real depreciation more likely by amplifying demand pressures when aid is spent but not absorbed. The results from our model can help understand the recent experience of Uganda, which saw an increase in government spending following a surge in aid yet experienced a real depreciation and an increase in real interest rates
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Zanna, Luis-Felipe The Short-Run Macroeconomics of Aid Inflows: Understanding the Interaction of Fiscal and Reserve Policy Washington, D.C. : International Monetary Fund, 2010 ISBN 9781451982091
    Language: English
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  • 2
    UID:
    gbv_845819291
    Format: Online-Ressource (34 p)
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    ISBN: 1484396030 , 9781484396032
    Series Statement: IMF Working Papers Working Paper No. 13/80
    Content: The permanent income hypothesis implies that frictionless open economies with exhaustible natural resources should save abroad most of their resource windfalls and, therefore, feature current account surpluses. Resource-rich developing countries (RRDCs), on the other hand, face substantial development needs and tight external borrowing constraints. By relaxing these constraints and providing a key financing source for public investment in RRDCs, temporary resource revenues might then be associated with current account deficits, or at least low surpluses. This paper develops a neoclassical model with private and public investment and several frictions that capture pervasive features in RRDCs, including absorptive capacity constraints, inefficiencies in investment, and borrowing constraints that can be relaxed when natural resources lower the country risk premium. The model is used to study the role of investment and these frictions in shaping the current account dynamics under windfalls. Since consumption and investment decisions are optimal, the model also serves to provide current account benchmarks (norms). We apply the model to the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa and discuss how our results can be used to inform the current account norm analysis pursued at the International Monetary Fund
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Araujo, Juliana Current Account Norms in Natural Resource Rich and Capital Scarce Economies Washington, D.C. : International Monetary Fund, 2013 ISBN 9781484396032
    Language: English
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  • 3
    UID:
    gbv_845831410
    Format: Online-Ressource (54 p)
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    ISBN: 1475504071 , 9781475504071
    Series Statement: IMF Working Papers Working Paper No. 12/144
    Content: We develop a model to study the macroeconomic effects of public investment surges in low-income countries, making explicit: (i) the investment-growth linkages; (ii) public external and domestic debt accumulation; (iii) the fiscal policy reactions necessary to ensure debt-sustainability; and (iv) the macroeconomic adjustment required to ensure internal and external balance. Well-executed high-yielding public investment programs can substantially raise output and consumption and be self-financing in the long run. However, even if the long run looks good, transition problems can be formidable when concessional financing does not cover the full cost of the investment program. Covering the resulting gap with tax increases or spending cuts requires sharp macroeconomic adjustments, crowding out private investment and consumption and delaying the growth benefits of public investment. Covering the gap with domestic borrowing market is not helpful either: higher domestic rates increase the financing challenge and private investment and consumption are still crowded out. Supplementing with external commercial borrowing, on the other hand, can smooth these difficult adjustments, reconciling the scaling up with feasibility constraints on increases in tax rates. But the strategy may be also risky. With poor execution, sluggish fiscal policy reactions, or persistent negative exogenous shocks, this strategy can easily lead to unsustainable public debt dynamics. Front-loaded investment programs and weak structural conditions (such as low returns to public capital and poor execution of investments) make the fiscal adjustment more challenging and the risks greater
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Berg, Andrew Public Investment, Growth, and Debt Sustainability: Putting together the Pieces Washington, D.C. : International Monetary Fund, 2012 ISBN 9781475504071
    Language: English
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  • 4
    UID:
    edocfu_9958057710702883
    Format: 1 online resource (58 p.)
    ISBN: 1-4623-6380-6 , 1-4552-1535-X , 1-283-56083-6 , 1-4552-1032-3 , 9786613873286
    Series Statement: IMF working papers ; WP/10/240
    Content: We examine the cyclical properties of development aid using bilateral data for 22 donors and over 100 recipients during 1970?2005. We find that bilateral aid flows are on average procyclical with respect to business cycles in donor and recipient countries. However, they become countercyclical when recipient countries face large adverse shocks to the terms-of-trade or growth collapses-thus playing an important cushioning role. Aid outlays contract sharply during severe donor economic downturns; this effect is magnified by higher public debt levels. Additionally, bilateral aid flows are higher in the presence of IMF programs and are more countercyclical for recipient countries with stronger institutions.
    Note: "October 2010." , Cover Page; Title Page; Copyright Page; Contents; I. Introduction; II. Literature Review; III. Data, Definitions, and Descriptive Statistics; A. Data and Definitions of Aid and Business Cycle Variables; B. Data Exploration: Descriptive Statistics; IV. The Baseline Model and Main Empirical Results; A. The Baseline Model and Estimation Method; B. Aid and the Donor Cycle; C. Aid and the Recipient Cycle; D. Dynamic Effects; E. Aid and Donor-Recipient (Pair-wise) Shocks; V. Extensions and Robustness Analysis; A. Extensions; Aid and the Business Cycle: A Non-linear Relationship , Aid and Donor Public DebtAid and Institutions in Recipient Countries; The Impact of IMF Programs and Other Regressors; B. Robustness Analysis; Gross Aid Flows; Tobit with Random Effects; Accounting for Aid Persistence; Post-Cold War Changes in Aid Regime; VI. Conclusions; Appendix; Figure 1. Bilateral ODA, 1970-2008; Figure 2. Geographical composition of bilateral net ODA, 1970-2007; Table 1. Variable definitions and sources; Table 2. List of countries; Figure 3. Distribution of output gap estimates; Table 3. Summary statistics , Figure 4. Correlation coefficients between the business cycle and aidFigure 5. Yearly probability of a large shock in aid-receiving countries, 1970-2004; Figure 6. Conditional empirical relationship between the donor output gap and aid flows; Table 4. Baseline regressions: Aid flows and the donor cycle; Table 5. Baseline regressions: Aid flows and the donor cycle (large shocks); Table 6. Baseline regressions: Aid flows and the recipient cycle; Table 7. Aid flows and the recipient cycle (large shocks); Table 8. Aid flows and the donor business cycle (dynamic effects) , Table 9. Aid flows and the recipient business cycle (dynamic effects)Table 10. Aid flows and simultaneous shocks (contemporaneous effects); Table 11. Aid flows and donor public debt (dynamic effects); Table 12. Aid and institutions in recipient countries; Table 13. Aid flows and the business cycle: Augmented specifications; Table 14. Robustness: Gross aid flows; Table 15. Robustness: Tobit with Random Effects; Table 16. Robustness: Accounting for aid persistence; Table 17. Robustness: Post-Cold War aid regime; References; Footnotes , English
    Additional Edition: ISBN 1-4552-0940-6
    Language: English
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  • 5
    UID:
    gbv_845842838
    Format: Online-Ressource (38 p)
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    ISBN: 1463924658 , 9781463924652
    Series Statement: IMF Working Papers Working Paper No. 11/266
    Content: Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, and Swaziland face the serious challenge of adjusting not only to lower Southern Africa Customs Union (SACU) transfers because of the global economic crisis, but also to a potential further decline over the medium term. This paper assesses options for the design of the needed fiscal consolidation. The choice among these options should be driven by (i) the impact on growth and (ii) the specificities of each country. Overall, a focus on government consumption cuts appears to minimize the negative impact on growth, and would be appropriate given the relatively large size of the public sector in each country
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Zanna, Luis-Felipe The Design of Fiscal Adjustment Strategies in Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, and Swaziland Washington, D.C. : International Monetary Fund, 2011 ISBN 9781463924652
    Language: English
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : International Monetary Fund
    UID:
    gbv_845832611
    Format: Online-Ressource (40 p)
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    ISBN: 1475503504 , 9781475503500
    Series Statement: IMF Working Papers Working Paper No. 12/121
    Content: We present an extensive analysis of the consequences for global equilibrium determinacy in flexible-price open economies of implementing active interest rate rules, i.e., monetary rules where the nominal interest rate responds more than proportionally to inflation. We show that conditions under which these rules generate aggregate instability by inducing liquidity traps, endogenous cycles, and chaotic dynamics depend on specific characteristics of open economies. In particular, rules that respond to expected future inflation are more prone to induce endogenous cyclical and chaotic dynamics the more open the economy to trade
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Zanna, Luis-Felipe Interest Rate Rules, Endogenous Cycles, and Chaotic Dynamics in Open Economies Washington, D.C. : International Monetary Fund, 2012 ISBN 9781475503500
    Language: English
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : International Monetary Fund
    UID:
    gbv_845897381
    Format: Online-Ressource (45 p)
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    ISBN: 145521177X , 9781455211777
    Series Statement: IMF Working Papers Working Paper No. 10/296
    Content: Empirical evidence suggests that goods are highly heterogeneous with respect to the degree of price rigidity. We develop a DSGE model featuring heterogeneous nominal rigidities across two sectors to study the equilibrium determinacy and stability under adaptive learning for interest rate rules that respond to inflation measures differing in their degree of price stickiness. We find that rules responding to headline inflation measures that assign a positive weight to the inflation of the sector with low price stickiness are more prone to generate macroeconomic instability than rules that respond exclusively to the inflation of the sector with high price stickiness. By this we mean that they are more prone to induce non-learnable fundamental-driven equilibria, learnable self-fulfilling expectations equilibria, and equilibria where fluctuations are unbounded. We discuss how our results depend on the elasticity of substitution across goods, the degree of heterogeneity in price rigidity, as well as on the timing of the rule
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Zanna, Luis-Felipe Learning About Inflation Measures for Interest Rate Rules Washington, D.C. : International Monetary Fund, 2010 ISBN 9781455211777
    Language: English
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  • 8
    UID:
    b3kat_BV046684272
    Format: 1 online resource (46 pages)
    ISBN: 9781498320221
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Moldovan, Ioana Optimal Fiscal Spending and Reserve Accumulation Policies under Volatile Aid Washington, D. C. : International Monetary Fund,c2019 ISBN 9781498312110
    Language: English
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  • 9
    UID:
    gbv_462598373
    Note: In: Desarrollo y sociedad. - Santafé de Bogotá , Nr. 36/37, S. 149-198 : Tab. u. graph. Darst
    In: year:1996
    Language: Spanish
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  • 10
    UID:
    edocfu_9958089794302883
    Format: 1 online resource (49 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 1-4755-6996-3 , 1-4755-4982-2 , 1-283-94789-7
    Series Statement: IMF Working Papers
    Content: Natural resource revenues provide a valuable source to finance public investment in developing countries, which frequently face borrowing constraints and tax revenue mobilization problems. This paper develops a dynamic stochastic small open economy model to analyze the macroeconomic effects of investing natural resource revenues, making explicit the role of pervasive features in these countries including public investment inefficiency, absorptive capacity constraints, Dutch disease, and financing needs to sustain capital. Revenue exhaustibility raises medium-term issues of how to sustain capital built during a windfall, while revenue volatility raises short-term concerns about macroeconomic instability. Using the model, country applications show how combining public investment with a resource fund---a sustainable investing approach---can help address the macroeconomic problems associated with both exhaustibility and volatility. The applications also demonstrate how the model can be used to determine the appropriate magnitude of the investment scaling-up (accounting for the financing needs to sustain capital) and the adequate size of a stabilization fund (buffer).
    Note: "November 2012" -- verso of t.p. , At head of title: Research Department -- verso of t.p. , Cover; Contents; I. Introduction; II. Model Setup; A Households; B Firms; C The Government; D Some Market Clearing Conditions and Identities; III. Equilibrium and Calibration; A The CEMAC Region; B Angola; IV. Investing with a short revenue horizon; A Saving in a SWF vs. Investing in Public Capital; B Sustaining Public Capital; C Endogenous Depreciation of Public Capital; D The Sustainable Investing Approach; E Development without the Windfall; V. Investing Volatile Resource Revenue; A The Sustainable Investing Approach to Managing Volatility , B Allocation between Investing and External SavingVI. Conclusion; Tables; 1 Baseline Parameter Calibration; 2 Welfare Comparison with All-Investing; 3 Stabilization Effects of the Sustainable Investing Approach; Figures; 1 CEMAC application: saving in a SWF vs. all-investing; 2 CEMAC application: all-investing and sustaining public capital by fiscal Adjustments through consumption taxes or transfers; 3 CEMAC application with constant depreciation rate of public capital: Saving in a SWF vs. all-investing; 4 CEMAC application: sustainable investing approach , 5 CEMAC application: investing without a Resource Windfall 6 Angola application: conservative vs. aggressive scaling-up under sustainable investing; 7 Angola application: conservative vs. aggressive scaling-up With constant depreciation rate; Appendix I: Equilibrium and Optimality Conditions; References , English
    Additional Edition: ISBN 1-4755-7051-1
    Additional Edition: ISBN 1-4755-3556-2
    Language: English
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