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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Uncharted Waters : The New Economics of Water Scarcity and Variability (2017)
    Washington, D.C. :The World Bank,
    Details
    UID:
    almahu_9949191305902882
    Format: 1 online resource (98 pages)
    ISBN: 9781464811807
    Series Statement: World Bank e-Library.
    Content: The 21st century will witness the collision of two powerful forces - burgeoning population growth, together with a changing climate. With population growth, water scarcity will proliferate to new areas across the globe. And with climate change, rainfall will become more fickle, with longer and deeper periods of droughts and deluges. This report presents new evidence to advance understanding on how rainfall shocks coupled with water scarcity, impacts farms, firms, and families. On farms, the largest consumers of water in the world, impacts are channeled from declining yields to changing landscapes. In cities, water extremes especially when combined with unreliable infrastructure can stall firm production, sales, and revenue. At the center of this are families, who feel the impacts of this uncertainty on their incomes, jobs, and long-term health and welfare. Although a rainfall shock may be fleeting, its consequences can become permanent and shape the destiny of those who experience it. Pursuing business as usual will lead many countries down a 'parched path' where droughts shape destinies. Avoiding this misery in slow motion will call for fundamental changes to water policy around the globe. Building resilience to rainfall variability will require using different policy instruments to address the multifaceted nature of water. A key message of this report is that water has multiple economic attributes, each of which entail distinct policy responses. If water is not managed more prudently--from source, to tap, and back to source--the crises observed today will become the catastrophes of tomorrow.
    Additional Edition: Print Version: ISBN 9781464811791
    Language: English
    URL: http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/book/10.1596/978-1-4648-1179-1
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Online Access
    HU Berlin
    UB Potsdam
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Nitrogen Legacy : The Long-Term Effects of Water Pollution on Human Capital (2019)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048272878
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Content: The fallout of nitrogen pollution is considered one of the largest global externalities facing the world, impacting air, water soil and human health. This paper presents new evidence that nitrogen pollution in water is an important determinant of variations in human capital. Data from the Demographic and Health Survey dataset across India, Vietnam, and 33 African countries are combined to analyze the causal links between pollution exposure experienced during the very earliest stages of life and later-life health. Results show that pollution exposure experienced in the critical years of development from the period of birth up until year three - is associated with decreased height as an adult, a well-known indicator of overall health and productivity, and is robust to several statistical checks. Because adult height is related to education, labor productivity, and income, this also implies a loss of earning potential. Results are consistent and show that early-life exposure to nitrogen pollution in water can lower height-for-age scores during childhood in Vietnam and during infancy in Africa. These findings add to the evidence on the enduring consequences of water pollution and identify a critical area for policy intervention
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/33073
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    EUV Frankfurt
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    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ebb and Flow : Volume 2. Water in the Shadow of Conflict in the Middle East and North Africa (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV049080845
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (126 Seiten)
    Content: The Middle East and North Africa Region encapsulates many of the issues surrounding water and human mobility. It is the most water-scarce region in the world and is experiencing unprecedented levels of forced displacement. Ebb and Flow: Volume 2. Water in the Shadow of Conflict in the Middle East and North Africa examines the links between water risks (harmful outcomes related to water, from droughts and floods to lack of sanitation), conflict, and forced displacement. It aims to better explain how to address the vulnerabilities of forcibly displaced persons and their host communities, and to identify water policy and investment responses. Contrary to common belief, the report finds that the evidence linking water risks with conflict and forced displacement in the region is not unequivocal. Water risks are more frequently related to cooperation than to conflict at both domestic and international levels.
    Content: But while conflict is not necessarily a consequence of water risks, the reverse is a real and concerning phenomenon: conflict amplifies water risks. Since 2011, there have been at least 180 instances of intentional targeting of water infrastructure in conflicts in Gaza, Libya, the Syrian Arab Republic, and the Republic of Yemen. Forcibly displaced persons and their host communities face myriad water risks. Access to safe drinking water is a daily struggle for millions of forcibly displaced Iraqis, Libyans, Palestinians, Syrians, Yemenis, and international migrants in the region, heightening public health risks. Tanker trucks often help fill the gap; however, significant issues of water quality, reliability, and affordability remain. Host communities also face localized declines in water availability and quality as well as unplanned burdens on water services following the arrival of forcibly displaced persons.
    Content: The reality of protracted forced displacement requires a shift from humanitarian support toward a development approach for water security, including structured yet flexible planning to deliver water services and sustain water resources for forcibly displaced persons and their host communities
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druckausgabe ISBN 9781464817465
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-1746-5
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-1746-5
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    EUV Frankfurt
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    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Salt of the Earth : Quantifying the Impact of Water Salinity on Global Agricultural Productivity (2019)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048272876
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Content: Salinity in surface waters is on the rise throughout much of the world. Many factors contribute to this change including increased water extraction, poor irrigation management, and sea-level rise. To date no study has attempted to quantify impacts on global food production. In this paper we develop a plausibly causal model to test the sensitivity of global and regional agricultural productivity to changes in water salinity. To do so, we utilize several local and global datasets on water quality and agricultural productivity and a model which isolates the impact of exogenous changes in water salinity on yields. We then train a machine learning model to predict salinity globally in order to simulate average global food losses from 2000-2013. These losses are found to be high, in the range of the equivalent of 124 trillion kilocalories, or enough to feed over 170 million people every day, each year. Global maps building on these results show that pockets of high losses occur on all continents but can be expected to be particularly problematic in regions already experiencing malnutrition challenges
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/33070
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Impact of Water Quality on GDP Growth : Evidence from Around the World (2019)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048272877
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Content: Declining water quality can impact the economy in various ways. Impacts can be found in the health sector, where labor productivity can be affected, in agriculture, where the quality and quantity of food produced can be reduced, and in tourism, real estate, aquaculture/fisheries and other sectors which rely on environmental quality and ecosystem services. Despite these well-known impacts, finding economy-wide affects of water quality on economic activity can be elusive. In this paper we attempt to fill this gap by using a conventional empirical approach in contemporary environmental economics and new data on economic activity and water quality for nineteen countries from 1990-2014. The authors find that when rivers become very heavily polluted, regions downstream see reductions in economic growth, losing between 0.8 and 2.0 percent of economic growth. These losses imply that in many places, the costs of environmental degradation are severely under-estimated and well above efficient levels
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/33071
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ebb and Flow : Volume 1. Water, Migration, and Development (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV049080846
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (158 Seiten)
    Content: Migration shapes the lives of those who move and transforms the geographies and economies of their points of departure and destinations alike. The water sector, and the availability of water itself, implicitly and explicitly shape migration flows. Ebb and Flow: Volume 1. Water, Migration, and Development presents new global evidence to advance our understanding of how fluctuations in water availability, as induced by rainfall shocks, influence internal migration, and hence regional development. It finds that cumulative water deficits result in five times as much migration as water excess does. But there are important nuances in why and when these events lead to migration. Where there is extreme poverty and migration is costly, water deficits are more likely to trap people than induce them to migrate. Water shocks can also influence who migrates. Workers leaving regions because of water deficits are often less advantaged than typical migrants and bring with them lower skills, raising important implications for the migrants themselves and receiving regions. Cities are the destination of most internal migrants, but even here, water scarcity can haunt them. Water shortages in urban areas, which lead to so-called day zero events, can significantly slow urban growth and compound the vulnerability of migrants. No single policy can be completely effective at protecting people and their assets from water shocks. Instead, the report puts forth a menu of overlapping and complementary policy options that target both people and places to improve livelihoods and turn water-induced crises into opportunities for growth. A key message is that policies that focus on reducing the impacts of water shocks must be complemented by strategies that broaden opportunities and build the longterm resilience of communities. Doing so will give individuals more agency to determine the best outcome for themselves and to thrive wherever they may choose to locate
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druckausgabe ISBN 9781464817458
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-1745-8
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-1745-8
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Quality unknown : The invisible water crisis (2020)
    Washington :World Bank Group,
    Details
    UID:
    almahu_9949191298902882
    Format: 1 online resource (pages cm)
    ISBN: 9781464814594
    Series Statement: World Bank e-Library.
    Content: "Water quantity-too much in the case of floods, or too little in the case of droughts-grabs public attention and the media spotlight. Water quality-being predominantly invisible and hard to detect-goes largely unnoticed. Quality Unknown: The Invisible Water Crisis presents new evidence and new data that call urgent attention to the hidden dangers lying beneath water's surface. It shows how poor water quality stalls economic progress, stymies human potential, and reduces food production. Quality Unknown examines the effects of water quality on economic growth and finds upstream pollution lowers growth in downstream regions. It reveals that some of the most ubiquitous contaminants in water, such as nitrates and salt, have impacts that are larger, deeper, and wider than has been acknowledged. And it traces the damage to crop yields and the stark implications for food security in affected regions. An important step toward tackling the world's water quality challenge is recognizing its scale. The world needs reliable, accurate, and comprehensive information so that policy makers can have new insights, decision making can be evidence based, and citizens can call for action. The report calls for a paradigm shift that emphasizes safer, and often more cost-effective remedies that prevent pollution by combining smarter policies with newer technologies. A key message of Quality Unknown is that such solutions exist and change is possible"--
    Additional Edition: Print Version: ISBN 9781464814594
    Language: English
    URL: http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/book/10.1596/978-1-4648-1459-4
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    HU Berlin
    UB Potsdam
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Nitrogen Legacy : The Long-Term Effects of Water Pollution on Human Capital (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048274614
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (33 Seiten)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Content: The fallout of nitrogen pollution is considered one of the largest global externalities facing the world, impacting air, water, soil, and human health. This paper combines data from the Demographic and Health Survey data set across India, Vietnam, and 33 African countries to analyze the causal links between pollution exposure experienced during the very earliest stages of life and later-life health. The results show that pollution exposure experienced in the critical years of development-from birth until age three-is associated with decreased height as an adult, a well-known indicator of overall health and productivity, and is robust to several statistical checks. Because adult height is related to education, labor productivity, and income, this also implies a loss of earning potential. The analysis begins within an assessment in India, where the data are more available, and is then extended to geographic settings including Vietnam and 33 countries in Africa. The results are consistent and show that early-life exposure to nitrogen pollution in water can lower height-for-age scores during childhood in Vietnam and during infancy in Africa. These findings add to the evidence on the enduring consequences of water pollution and identify a critical area for policy intervention
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Esha Zaveri The Nitrogen Legacy: The Long-Term Effects of Water Pollution on Human Capital Washington, D.C : The World Bank, 2020
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9143
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The nitrogen legacy : the long-term effects of water pollution on human capital (2020)
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Water Global Practice
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_1700642987
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 9143
    Content: The fallout of nitrogen pollution is considered one of the largest global externalities facing the world, impacting air, water, soil, and human health. This paper combines data from the Demographic and Health Survey data set across India, Vietnam, and 33 African countries to analyze the causal links between pollution exposure experienced during the very earliest stages of life and later-life health. The results show that pollution exposure experienced in the critical years of development-from birth until age three-is associated with decreased height as an adult, a well-known indicator of overall health and productivity, and is robust to several statistical checks. Because adult height is related to education, labor productivity, and income, this also implies a loss of earning potential. The analysis begins within an assessment in India, where the data are more available, and is then extended to geographic settings including Vietnam and 33 countries in Africa. The results are consistent and show that early-life exposure to nitrogen pollution in water can lower height-for-age scores during childhood in Vietnam and during infancy in Africa. These findings add to the evidence on the enduring consequences of water pollution and identify a critical area for policy intervention
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Esha Zaveri The Nitrogen Legacy: The Long-Term Effects of Water Pollution on Human Capital Washington, D.C : The World Bank, 2020
    Language: English
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9143
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    UB Potsdam
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Salt of the earth : quantifying the impact of water salinity on global agricultural productivity (2020)
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Water Global Practice
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_1700644637
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 9144
    Content: Salinity in surface waters is on the rise throughout much of the world. Many factors contribute to this change, including increased water extraction, poor irrigation management, and sea-level rise. To date no study has attempted to quantify the impacts on global food production. This paper develops a plausibly causal model to test the sensitivity of global and regional agricultural productivity to changes in water salinity. To do so, it utilizes several local and global data sets on water quality and agricultural productivity and a model that isolates the impact of exogenous changes in water salinity on yields. The analysis trains a machine-learning model to predict salinity globally, to simulate average global food losses over 2000-13. These losses are found to be high, in the range of the equivalent of 124 trillion kilocalories, or enough to feed more than 170 million people every day, each year. Global maps building on these results show that pockets of high losses occur on all continents, but the losses can be expected to be particularly problematic in regions already experiencing malnutrition challenges
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Jason Russ Salt of the Earth: Quantifying the Impact of Water Salinity on Global Agricultural Productivity Washington, D.C : The World Bank, 2020
    Language: English
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9144
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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