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  • 1
    UID:
    almafu_9959377668602883
    Format: 1 online resource (64 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: The productivity of the world's natural resources is critically dependent on a variety of highly uncertain factors, which obscure individual investors and governments that seek to make long-term, sometimes irreversible investments in their exploration and utilization. These dynamic considerations are poorly represented in disaggregated resource models, as incorporating uncertainty into large-dimensional problems presents a challenging computational task. This study introduces a novel numerical method to solve large-scale dynamic stochastic natural resource allocation problems that cannot be addressed by conventional methods. The method is illustrated with an application focusing on the allocation of global land resource use under stochastic crop yields due to adverse climate impacts and limits on further technological progress. For the same model parameters, the range of land conversion is considerably smaller for the dynamic stochastic model as compared to deterministic scenario analysis. The scenario analysis can thus significantly overstate the magnitude of expected land conversion under uncertain crop yields.
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 2
    UID:
    almafu_9958246546302883
    Format: 1 online resource (61 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: The pattern of global land use has important implications for the world's food and timber supplies, bioenergy, biodiversity and other eco-system services. However, the productivity of this resource is critically dependent on the world's climate, as well as investments in, and dissemination of improved technology. This creates massive uncertainty about future land use requirements which compound the challenge faced by individual investors and governments seeking to make long term, sometimes irreversible investments in land conversion and land use. This study assesses how uncertainties associated with underlying biophysical processes and technological change in agriculture affect the optimal profile of land use over the next century, taking into account the potential irreversibility in these decisions. A novel dynamic stochastic model of global land use is developed, in which the societal objective function being maximized places value on food production, liquid fuels (including bio-fuels), timber production, and biodiversity. While the uncertainty in food crop yields has anticipated impact, the resulting expansion of crop lands and decline in forest lands is relatively small.
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C. :The World Bank,
    UID:
    almafu_9958143947002883
    Format: 1 online resource (42 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: Since the industrial revolution, the economic development of Western Europe and North America was characterized by continuous urbanization accompanied by a gradual phasing-in of urban land property rights over time. Today, however, the evidence in many fast urbanizing low-income countries points towards a different trend of "urbanization without formalization", with potentially adverse effects on long-term economic growth. This paper aims to understand the causes and the consequences of this phenomenon, and whether informal city growth could be a transitory or a persistent feature of developing economies. A dynamic stochastic equilibrium model of a representative city is developed, which explicitly accounts for the joint dynamics of land property rights and urbanization. The calibrated baseline model describes a city that first grows informally, with the growth of individual incomes leading to a phased-in purchase of property rights in subsequent periods. The model demonstrates that land tenure informality does not necessarily vanish in the long term, and the social optimum does not necessarily imply a fully formal city, neither in the transition, nor in the long run. The welfare effects of policies, such as reducing the cost of land tenure formalization, or protecting informal dwellers against evictions are subsequently investigated, throughout the short-term transition and in the long-term stationary state.
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 4
    UID:
    gbv_1759655309
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Research Working Paper No. 7486
    Content: Since the industrial revolution, the economic development of Western Europe and North America was characterized by continuous urbanization accompanied by a gradual phasing-in of urban land property rights over time. Today, however, the evidence in many fast urbanizing low-income countries points towards a different trend of “urbanization without formalization”, with potentially adverse effects on long-term economic growth. This paper aims to understand the causes and the consequences of this phenomenon, and whether informal city growth could be a transitory or a persistent feature of developing economies. A dynamic stochastic equilibrium model of a representative city is developed, which explicitly accounts for the joint dynamics of land property rights and urbanization. The calibrated baseline model describes a city that first grows informally, with the growth of individual incomes leading to a phased-in purchase of property rights in subsequent periods. The model demonstrates that land tenure informality does not necessarily vanish in the long term, and the social optimum does not necessarily imply a fully formal city, neither in the transition, nor in the long run. The welfare effects of policies, such as reducing the cost of land tenure formalization, or protecting informal dwellers against evictions are subsequently investigated, throughout the short-term transition and in the long-term stationary state
    Note: English , en_US
    Language: English
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 5
    UID:
    gbv_1700753665
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 64 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 9159
    Content: The productivity of the world's natural resources is critically dependent on a variety of highly uncertain factors, which obscure individual investors and governments that seek to make long-term, sometimes irreversible investments in their exploration and utilization. These dynamic considerations are poorly represented in disaggregated resource models, as incorporating uncertainty into large-dimensional problems presents a challenging computational task. This study introduces a novel numerical method to solve large-scale dynamic stochastic natural resource allocation problems that cannot be addressed by conventional methods. The method is illustrated with an application focusing on the allocation of global land resource use under stochastic crop yields due to adverse climate impacts and limits on further technological progress. For the same model parameters, the range of land conversion is considerably smaller for the dynamic stochastic model as compared to deterministic scenario analysis. The scenario analysis can thus significantly overstate the magnitude of expected land conversion under uncertain crop yields
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Cai, Yongyang Modeling Uncertainty in Large Natural Resource Allocation Problems Washington, D.C : The World Bank, 2020
    Language: English
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 6
    UID:
    gbv_1759663921
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Research Working Paper No. 7009
    Content: The pattern of global land use has important implications for the world's food and timber supplies, bioenergy, biodiversity and other eco-system services. However, the productivity of this resource is critically dependent on the world's climate, as well as investments in, and dissemination of improved technology. This creates massive uncertainty about future land use requirements which compound the challenge faced by individual investors and governments seeking to make long term, sometimes irreversible investments in land conversion and land use. This study assesses how uncertainties associated with underlying biophysical processes and technological change in agriculture affect the optimal profile of land use over the next century, taking into account the potential irreversibility in these decisions. A novel dynamic stochastic model of global land use is developed, in which the societal objective function being maximized places value on food production, liquid fuels (including bio-fuels), timber production, and biodiversity. While the uncertainty in food crop yields has anticipated impact, the resulting expansion of crop lands and decline in forest lands is relatively small
    Note: English , en_US
    Language: English
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 7
    UID:
    gbv_1831654504
    ISBN: 0444898573
    Content: Dynamic programming is the essential tool in dynamic economic analysis. Problems such as portfolio allocation for individuals and optimal economic growth are typical examples. Numerical methods typically approximate the value function. Recent work has focused on making numerical methods more stable, and more efficient in its use of information. This chapter presents two examples where numerical dynamic programming is applied to high-dimensional problems from finance and the integration of climate and economic systems.
    In: Schmedders, Karl, 1967 -, Handbook of computational economics, Amsterdam : Elsevier, 2014, (2014), Seite 479-516, 0444898573
    In: 9780444898579
    In: 9780444529800
    In: year:2014
    In: pages:479-516
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 8
    UID:
    kobvindex_DGP496421107
    ISSN: 0306-9192
    In: Food policy, Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier, 1975, Vol. 70 (July 2017), S. 71-83, 0306-9192
    In: volume:70
    In: year:2017
    In: pages:71-83
    Additional Edition: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2017.06.002
    Language: English
    Keywords: Aufsatz in Zeitschrift
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