Format:
Online-Ressource (X, 260 p. 67 illus., 19 illus. in color, digital)
ISBN:
9783642364914
Series Statement:
Plant Cell Monographs 20
Content:
With today’s ever growing economic and ecological problems, wood as a raw material takes on increasing significance as the most important renewable source of energy and as industrial feedstock for numerous products. Its chemical and anatomical structure and the excellent properties that result allow wood to be processed into the most diverse products; from logs to furniture and veneers, and from wood chippings to wooden composites and paper. The aim of this book is to review advances in research on the cellular aspects of cambial growth and wood formation in trees over recent decades. The book is divided into two major parts. The first part covers the basic process of wood biosynthesis, focusing on five major steps that are involved in this process: cell division, cell expansion, secondary cell wall formation, programmed cell death and heartwood formation. The second part of the book deals with the regulation of wood formation by endogenous and exogenous factors. On the endogenous level the emphasis is placed on two aspects: control of wood formation by phytohormones and by molecular mechanisms. Apart from endogenous factors, various exogenous effects (such as climate factors) are involved in wood formation. Due to modern microscopic as well as molecular techniques, the understanding of wood formation has progressed significantly over the last decade. Emphasizing the cellular aspects, this book first gives an overview of the basic process of wood formation, before it focuses on factors involved in the regulation of this process.
Note:
Includes bibliographical references and index
,
Cellular Aspects of Wood Formation; Preface; About the Editor; Contents; Part I: Basic Processes of Wood Formation; Xylem Development in Trees: From Cambial Divisions to Mature Wood Cells; 1 Introduction; 2 Structure and Function of the Cambium; 2.1 Meristematic Features; 2.2 Seasonal Activity; 2.3 Cambial Reactivation; 2.4 Transition to Dormancy; 2.5 Within-Tree Variations; 3 Cell Expansion; 4 Cell Wall Thickening; 4.1 Structure and Composition of the Cell Wall; 4.2 Lignification; 4.3 Cellulose Formation; 4.4 Hemicellulose Deposition; 5 Programmed Cell Death; 6 Conclusions; References
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Topochemical and Electron Microscopic Analyses on the Lignification of Individual Cell Wall Layers During Wood Formation and Secondary Changes1 Introduction; 1.1 Lignin: Significance and Occurrence; 1.2 Chemical Structure of Lignin; 2 Deposition of Lignin Within the Polysaccharide Cell Wall Framework; 2.1 Lignification of the Wood Cell Wall; 2.2 Deposition of Phenolic Extractives; 3 Topochemical Detection of Lignin by Using UMSP Technique and Electron Microscopy; 3.1 Application of UV Microspectrophotometry; 3.2 Application of Electron Microscopy; 3.3 Application of Immunogold Labelling
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4 Experimental Approach of UV Microspectrophotometry and Electron Microscopy4.1 Sampling and Preparation; 4.2 Measuring Technique of Scanning UV Microspectrophotometry; 4.3 Principle of Preparation for Transmission Electron Microscopy; 5 Application and Examples of Topochemical Detection of Lignin and Phenolic Extractives; 5.1 UV-Scanning Profiles of Lignin Distribution in Wood Cell Walls; 5.2 Topochemical Detection of Phenolic Extractives; 5.3 UV-Absorbance Spectra of Lignin and Phenolic Extractives; 5.4 Topochemical Investigations on Cell Walls in Developing Xylem of Beech
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5.5 Topochemical Studies on Modified Lignin Distribution in the Xylem After Wounding5.6 Lignin Distribution in Tropical Bamboo Species; 6 Conclusions; References; New Insights into Heartwood and Heartwood Formation; 1 Introduction; 2 Proportion of Sapwood and Heartwood and Methods for Determination; 3 Color Characteristics of Heartwood; 4 Sapwood and Heartwood: A Potent Biosorbent for Metal Ions; 5 Characteristics of Ageing Sapwood and Heartwood (Moisture, Gas, Nutrient, Reserve Substances, Cell Death); 6 Biochemical Aspects of Heartwood Formation; 7 Heartwood Formation and Gene Expression
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8 Heartwood Extractives, ``Abnormal´´ Lignins, ``Secondary´´ Lignification, and ``Pseudolignification´´9 Heartwood Extractives as Biocides; 10 Heartwood Extractives as Pharmaceuticals; References; Part II: Control of Wood Formation by Endogenous and Exogenous Factors; The Role of Hormones in Controlling Vascular Differentiation; 1 Introduction; 2 Control of Vascularization by Moving Hormonal Signals; 2.1 Auxin (IAA) Is the Young-Leaf Signal; 2.1.1 Free and Conjugated Auxin; 2.1.2 The Canalization Hypothesis; 2.1.3 Sensitivity to Auxin; 2.1.4 The IAA Transport Pathways
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2.1.5 Hormonal Cross Talks and Interactions
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Part I: Basic Processes of Wood Formation -- Xylem Development in Trees: From Cambial Divisions to Mature Wood Cells -- Topochemical and Electron Microscopic Analyses on the Lignification of Individual Cell Wall Layers During Wood Formation and Secondary Changes -- New Insights into Heartwood and Heartwood Formation -- Part II: Control of Wood Formation by Endogenous and Exogenous Factors -- The Role of Hormones in Controlling Vascular Differentiation -- Transcriptional Regulation of Wood Formation in Tree Species -- Climate Control of Wood Formation -- Wood Formation Under Drought Stress and Salinity -- Biology and Chemistry of Tension Wood -- Formation and Structure of Compression Wood.
Additional Edition:
ISBN 9783642364907
Additional Edition:
Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Cellular aspects of wood formation Berlin : Springer, 2013 ISBN 364236490X
Additional Edition:
ISBN 9783642364907
Language:
English
Subjects:
Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science
,
Biology
Keywords:
Sekundäres Dickenwachstum
;
Verholzung
;
Aufsatzsammlung
DOI:
10.1007/978-3-642-36491-4
URL:
Volltext
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