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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    No Evidence for a Boost in Psychosocial Functioning in Older Age After a 6-Months Physical Exercise Intervention (2022)
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    Details
    UID:
    edochu_18452_25581
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (11 Seiten)
    Content: The beneficial effects of physical exercise on physical health and cognitive functioning have been repeatedly shown. However, evidence of its effect on psychosocial functioning in healthy adults is still scarce or inconclusive. One limitation of many studies examining this link is their reliance on correlational approaches or specific subpopulations, such as clinical populations. The present study investigated the effects of a physical exercise intervention on key factors of psychosocial functioning, specifically well-being, stress, loneliness, and future time perspective. We used data from healthy, previously sedentary older adults (N = 132) who participated in a 6-month at-home intervention, either engaging in aerobic exercise or as part of a control group who participated in foreign language-learning or reading of selected native-language literature. Before and after the intervention, comprehensive cardiovascular pulmonary testing and a psychosocial questionnaire were administered. The exercise group showed significantly increased fitness compared to the control group. Contrary to expectations, however, we did not find evidence for a beneficial effect of this fitness improvement on any of the four domains of psychosocial functioning we assessed. This may be due to pronounced stability of such psychological traits in older age, especially in older adults who show high levels of well-being initially. Alternatively, it may be that the well-documented beneficial effects of physical exercise on brain structure and function, as well as cognition differ markedly from beneficial effects on psychosocial functioning. While aerobic exercise may be the driving factor for the former, positive effects on the latter may only be invoked by other aspects of exercise, for example, experiences of mastery or a feeling of community.
    Content: Peer Reviewed
    In: Frontiers in human neuroscience, Lausanne : Frontiers Research Foundation, 16,2022
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.825454
    DOI: 10.18452/24898
    URN: urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-110-18452/25581-8
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Video game training and the reward system (2015)
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
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    UID:
    edochu_18452_21581
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (9 Seiten)
    Content: Video games contain elaborate reinforcement and reward schedules that have the potential to maximize motivation. Neuroimaging studies suggest that video games might have an influence on the reward system. However, it is not clear whether reward-related properties represent a precondition, which biases an individual toward playing video games, or if these changes are the result of playing video games. Therefore, we conducted a longitudinal study to explore reward-related functional predictors in relation to video gaming experience as well as functional changes in the brain in response to video game training. Fifty healthy participants were randomly assigned to a video game training (TG) or control group (CG). Before and after training/control period, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was conducted using a non-video game related reward task. At pretest, both groups showed strongest activation in ventral striatum (VS) during reward anticipation. At posttest, the TG showed very similar VS activity compared to pretest. In the CG, the VS activity was significantly attenuated. This longitudinal study revealed that video game training may preserve reward responsiveness in the VS in a retest situation over time. We suggest that video games are able to keep striatal responses to reward flexible, a mechanism which might be of critical value for applications such as therapeutic cognitive training.
    Content: Peer Reviewed
    In: Frontiers in human neuroscience, Lausanne : Frontiers Media S.A., 9,2015
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00040
    DOI: 10.18452/20846
    URN: urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-110-18452/21581-5
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  • 3
    Book
    Book
    Chancen und Strategien : die mathematische Berechnung von Gewinnchancen (2016)
    AB Kerkdriel : Librero
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    UID:
    kobvindex_SLB933237
    Format: 143 Seiten , Illustrationen, Diagramme
    ISBN: 9789089987181
    Content: Das populärwissenschaftliche Werk liefert einer breiten an Mathematik und ihren Verbindungen zum Spiel im klassischen wie spieltheoretischen Sinne interessierten Leserschaft recht unterhaltsam einige Basiskenntnisse zum Spiel und seiner mathematischen Analyse.
    Language: German
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  • 4
    Online Resource
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    Does taste matter? : how anticipation of cola brands influences gustatory processing in the brain (2013)
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    Details
    UID:
    gbv_766729923
    Format: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    ISSN: 1932-6203
    Note: Literaturverz
    In: PLOS ONE, San Francisco, California, US : PLOS, 2006, Bd. 8.2013, 4, Art. e61569, 1932-6203
    In: volume:8
    In: year:2013
    In: number:4
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061569
    URL: Volltext
    Author information: Gallinat, Jürgen 1966-
    Author information: Kühn, Simone 1981-
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  • 5
    Article
    Article
    Non-pharmacological cognitive enhancement (2013)
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    UID:
    gbv_734542798
    ISSN: 0028-3908
    Content: This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Cognitive Enhancers: molecules, mechanisms and minds (22nd Neuropharmacology Conference Cognitive Enhancers)
    In: Neuropharmacology, Orlando, Fla. [u.a.] : Elsevier, 1970, Bd. 64.2013 (Jan.), S. 529-543, 0028-3908
    In: volume:64
    In: year:2013
    In: month:01
    In: pages:529-543
    Language: Undetermined
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.07.002
    Author information: Bublitz, Jan Christoph
    Author information: Mroczko-Wąsowicz, Aleksandra
    Author information: Dresler, Martin 1975-
    Author information: Sandberg, Anders 1972-
    Author information: Kühn, Simone 1981-
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  • 6
    Article
    Article
    Intentional inhibition in human action : The power of 'no' (2012)
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    UID:
    gbv_859828085
    Format: Illustrationen, Diagramm
    ISSN: 0149-7634
    Note: Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 1117-1118
    In: Neuroscience & biobehavioral reviews, Oxford [u.a.] : Elsevier, 1978, 36(2012), Seite 1107-1118, 0149-7634
    In: volume:36
    In: year:2012
    In: pages:1107-1118
    Language: English
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.01.006
    Author information: Kühn, Simone 1981-
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  • 7
    Article
    Article
    Why ruminators won't stop : the structural and resting state correlates of rumination and its relation to depression (2012)
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    UID:
    gbv_859827453
    Format: Illustrationen
    ISSN: 0165-0327
    Note: Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 359-360
    In: Journal of affective disorders, Amsterdam : Elsevier, 1979, 141(2012), 2/3, Seite 352-360, 0165-0327
    In: volume:141
    In: year:2012
    In: number:2/3
    In: pages:352-360
    Language: English
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2012.03.024
    Author information: Gallinat, Jürgen 1966-
    Author information: Kühn, Simone 1981-
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Seeing Double: Exploring the Phenomenology of Self-Reported Absence of Rivalry in Bistable Pictures (2017)
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    Details
    UID:
    edochu_18452_21686
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (13 Seiten)
    Content: Ambiguous images such as Rubin’s vase-face can be interpreted in at least two different ways. These interpretations are typically taken to be mutually exclusive, and ambiguous images have thus served as models of perceptual competition. Here, we present data that challenges this view. In an online survey, we found that a large proportion of people within the general population reported that the two percepts were not competing but could be perceived simultaneously. Of those who reported that they could see both percepts simultaneously, we invited 17 participants to take part in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment. In the scanner, participants saw images that could be interpreted as either a landscape or a face and reported at every point in time whether they perceived predominantly the face, the landscape, or both simultaneously. We explored behavioral and neurophysiological (with fMRI) correlates of the reported subjective experience of entertaining two percepts simultaneously by comparing them to those of the simple percepts (i.e., face or landscape). First, by comparing percept durations, we found that the simultaneous state was as stable as the two other percepts. Second, by measuring blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal levels within the fusiform face area (FFA), occipital face area (OFA) and parahippocampal place area (PPA), we found evidence from objective data that confirmed the subjective reports. While the results in FFA and OFA were not conclusive, in PPA, BOLD signal levels during subjective reports of perceiving both a landscape and a face were lower than the BOLD signal levels associated with reports of perceiving a landscape (and, in turn, reports of seeing a landscape were associated with greater BOLD signal levels than reports of seeing a face, thus suggesting that BOLD signal levels in PPA are a valid correlate of subjective experience in this task). In sum, the objective measures suggest that entertaining two percepts simultaneously in mind can be regarded as a distinct (mixed) perceptual state. We argue with these results that a more central role of subjective report in cognitive neuroscience is sometimes warranted.
    Content: Peer Reviewed
    In: Lausanne : Frontiers Media S.A., 11
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00301
    DOI: 10.18452/20935
    URN: urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-110-18452/21686-0
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Cognitive enhancement: Effects of methylphenidate, modafinil, and caffeine on latent memory and resting state functional connectivity in healthy adults (2022)
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    Details
    UID:
    edochu_18452_26428
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (14 Seiten)
    Content: Stimulants like methylphenidate, modafinil, and caffeine have repeatedly shown to enhance cognitive processes such as attention and memory. However, brain-functional mechanisms underlying such cognitive enhancing effects of stimulants are still poorly characterized. Here, we utilized behavioral and resting-state fMRI data from a double-blind randomized placebocontrolled study of methylphenidate, modafinil, and caffeine in 48 healthy male adults. The results show that performance in different memory tasks is enhanced, and functional connectivity (FC) specifically between the frontoparietal network (FPN) and default mode network (DMN) is modulated by the stimulants in comparison to placebo. Decreased negative connectivity between right prefrontal and medial parietal but also between medial temporal lobe and visual brain regions predicted stimulant-induced latent memory enhancement. We discuss dopamine's role in attention and memory as well as its ability to modulate FC between large-scale neural networks (e.g., FPN and DMN) as a potential cognitive enhancement mechanism.
    Note: This article was supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) and the Open Access Publication Fund of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.
    In: New York, NY : Wiley-Liss, 43,14, Seiten 4225-4238
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.18452/25755
    DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25949
    URN: urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-110-18452/26428-4
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Dual n-back training improves functional connectivity of the right inferior frontal gyrus at rest (2020)
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    Details
    UID:
    edochu_18452_26777
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (10 Seiten)
    Content: Several studies have shown that the benefits of working memory (WM) training can be attributed to functional and structural neural changes in the underlying neural substrate. In the current study, we investigated whether the functional connectivity of the brain at rest in the default mode network (DMN) changes with WM training. We varied the complexity of the training intervention so, that half of the participants attended dual n-back training whereas the other half attended single n-back training. This way we could assess the effects of different training task parameters on possible connectivity changes. After 16 training sessions, the dual n-back training group showed improved performance accompanied by increased functional connectivity of the ventral DMN in the right inferior frontal gyrus, which correlated with improvements in WM. We also observed decreased functional connectivity in the left superior parietal cortex in this group. The single n-back training group did not show significant training-related changes. These results show that a demanding short-term WM training intervention can alter the default state of the brain.
    Content: Peer Reviewed
    In: London : Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature, 10,1
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.18452/26091
    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77310-9
    URN: urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-110-18452/26777-4
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