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  • 1
    UID:
    b3kat_BV049075034
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (35 Seiten))
    Edition: Online-Ausg
    Content: Standards and technical regulations exist to protect consumer safety or to achieve other goals, such as ensuring the interoperability of telecommunications systems, for example. Standards and technical regulations can, however, raise substantially both start-up and production costs for firms. Maskus, Otsuki, and Wilson develop econometric models to provide the first estimates of the incremental production costs for firms in developing nations in conforming to standards imposed by major importing countries. They use firm-level data generated from 16 developing countries in the World Bank Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Survey Database. Their findings indicate that standards do increase short-run production costs by requiring additional inputs of labor and capital. A 1 percent increase in investment to meet compliance costs in importing countries raises variable production costs by between 0.06 and 0.13 percent, a statistically significant increase. The authors also find that the fixed costs of compliance are nontrivial-approximately
    Additional Edition: Maskus, Keith E The Cost of Compliance With Product Standards For Firms In Developing Countries
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 2
    UID:
    b3kat_BV049075036
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (35 Seiten))
    Edition: Online-Ausg
    Content: The impact of international students and skilled immigration in the United States on innovative activity is estimated using a model of idea generation. In the main specification a system of three equations is estimated, where dependent variables are total patent applications, patents awarded to U.S. universities, and patents awarded to other U.S. entities, each scaled by the domestic labor force. Results indicate that both international graduate students and skilled immigrants have a significant and positive impact on future patent applications, as well as on future patents awarded to university and nonuniversity institutions. The central estimates suggest that a 10 percent increase in the number of foreign graduate students would raise patent applications by 4.7 percent, university patent grants by 5.3 percent, and nonuniversity patent grants by 6.7 percent. Thus, reductions in foreign graduate students from visa restrictions could significantly reduce U.S. innovative activity. Increases in skilled immigration also have a positive, but smaller, impact on patenting
    Additional Edition: Chellaraj, Gnanaraj The Contribution of Skilled Immigration And International Graduate Students To U.S. Innovation
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 3
    UID:
    b3kat_BV049081622
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (45 Seiten)
    Content: This paper uses the World Bank database on deep trade agreements to demonstrate the rapid increase in preferential trade agreements with standards of intellectual property protection that are enforceable and elevated beyond the minimums required in the World Trade Organization Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights Agreement. These accords are referred to as intellectual property-related preferential trade agreements. The paper sets out a treatment-control econometric approach, in which treated agreements are defined by various characteristics and the control group is other preferential trade agreements. This approach is used to study whether membership in intellectual property-related preferential trade agreements affects a country's trade with nonmember countries. For this purpose, the paper defines a set of industries that intensively use intellectual property rights (the high-intellectual property group) and a set of industries that do not (the low-intellectual property group). There is evidence that countries in these agreements with the United States, the European Union, or the European Free Trade Association experience significant increases in third-country aggregated exports of biopharmaceuticals at all levels of income, while exports of low-intellectual property goods are relatively diminished, compared with the control preferential trade agreements. This result is reinforced using detailed bilateral sectoral trade and holds also for exports of medical devices from higher-income economies. Because these industries are the target of many elevated standards in intellectual property-related preferential trade agreements, the result suggests that these policies affect trade volumes. Further exploratory analysis suggests that these impacts are associated with higher local sales of affiliates of multinational firms, using US data. These are viewed as preliminary findings that point to the need for further analysis
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 4
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048264392
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (48 p)
    Content: Singapore is an interesting example of how the pattern of foreign investment changes with economic development. The authors analyze inbound and outbound investment between Singapore and a sample of industrialized and developing countries over the period 1984-2003. They find that Singapore's two-way investment with industrialized nations has shifted into skill-seeking activities over the period, while Singapore's investments in developing countries have increased sharply and become concentrated in labor-seeking activities. Singapore's increasing skill abundance relative to all countries in the sample accounted for 41 percent of average inbound stocks during the period, that is, US
    Additional Edition: Chellaraj, Gnanaraj Labor Skills and Foreign Investment in A Dynamic Economy
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 5
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048269286
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (46 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Content: Policy makers around the world recognize the potentially harmful consequences of trademark counterfeiting and copyright piracy. Indeed, many countries have recently initiated policy reforms to strengthen the enforcement of intellectual property rights (IPR). Further, minimum standards of enforcement have been incorporated in many international treaties, especially trade agreements. This emphasis on enforcement raises basic questions about the actual impacts of IP rights infringement, which differ across the types of IPR and economic sectors. The authors review the academic literature and other studies in the public domain to evaluate what has been learned about these socioeconomic effects, with an emphasis on developing countries where possible. They also identify important gaps in our understanding of the consequences of counterfeiting and piracy and develop recommendations on how governments might collect data and conduct studies to better inform IPR enforcement policy
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Fink, Carsten The Economic Effects of Counterfeiting and Piracy : A Review and Implications for Developing Countries Washington, D.C : The World Bank, 2016
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 6
    UID:
    b3kat_BV049079297
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (43 Seiten)
    Content: Intellectual property rights have become a central emphasis in the negotiation of "deep" preferential trade agreements containing provisions on regulatory environments besides trade policy. These provisions typically require member countries to implement heightened standards on various aspects of intellectual property rights, such as coverage and enforcement, that go beyond the baseline requirements of international intellectual property rights agreements such as the World Tarde Organization's Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights agreement. This study implements a structural gravity framework to investigate empirically the impacts of these agreements on bilateral international patenting, to quantify the effects of countries' membership in intellectual property-related preferential trade agreements on within-agreement patent applications at national patent offices, as well as extra-preferential trade agreement patenting at member country destinations originating from non-member countries. The study further explores the heterogeneity of these effects as originating from the attributes of the agreements, such as whether the major partner in the agreement is the United States or the European Union/European Free Trade Association, and the presence of key "Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights-Plus" provisions in the agreement texts. The findings suggest that intellectual property rights standards in preferential trade agreements tend to generate positive impacts on international patenting, and that the specific features of the agreements give rise to significant disparities in these impacts. Most intriguing is that those agreements involving multiple Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights-Plus norms significantly increase patenting within members compared to patenting from outside those areas, while other types of intellectual property rights encourage more patenting from non-members
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Howard, Jacob The Impacts of Intellectual Property-Related Preferential Trade Agreements on Bilateral Patent Applications Washington, D.C. : The World Bank, 2023
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 7
    Book
    Book
    Washington, DC : Inst. for Internat. Economics
    UID:
    b3kat_BV013384665
    Format: XVII, 266 S.
    ISBN: 0881322822
    Language: English
    Subjects: Economics , Law
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Übereinkommen über handelsbezogene Aspekte der Rechte an geistigem Eigentum ; Auswirkung ; Weltwirtschaft ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Geistiges Eigentum ; Rechtsschutz ; Weltwirtschaft ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung
    Author information: Maskus, Keith E. 1954-
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  • 8
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048845637
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (xvii, 539 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9781849505390
    Series Statement: Frontiers of economics and globalization v. 2
    Content: Areas covered include information technology, trade, investment, agriculture, medicine, firm behavior, and development
    Content: Indeed, it is ironic that during a time of significant global liberalization of trade and investment barriers, the IPR system may be raising restrictions on access to the very technology flows that could substantiate the gains from greater trading opportunities.However, expansion of the global IPR regime also bears potential for economic gains. It is possible that the new system will encourage additional investments in R&D and innovation. The ongoing internationalization of commercial R&D could be accelerated. Such investments might increasingly meet the medical, agricultural, and educational needs of people in poor countries. The regime could also improve the mechanisms under which new information goods are transferred across borders, expanding the possibilities for fruitful diffusion of technologies.The implications of these reforms will be far-reaching, complex and hard to predict.
    Content: It is possible, for example, that stronger patents will simply redistribute incomes across nations, generating significant winners and losers without much overall innovation gains. It is also possible that R&D investments could become more concentrated among the developed and newly industrialized economies but bypass the poorer locations.Ultimately, all such questions need close theoretical and empirical scrutiny.In this volume several economists who are closely involved in such analysis offer comprehensive and analytical literature surveys of the central questions regarding the linkages between intellectual property protection, international trade and investment, and economic growth. The authors range widely over their particular areas of inquiry. At the international level the contributions cover such questions as policy coordination in IPR, dispute resolution, markets for technology and technology transfer, international innovation, parallel trade, and economic development.
    Note: Includes index , Introduction / Keith E. Maskus -- Patents and the market for technology / Ashish Arora, Andrea Fosfuri, Alfonso Gambardella -- Networks, standards and intellectual property rights / Johannes Moenius, Vitor Trindade -- The law and economics of international intellectual property : a primer / Jonathan Putnam -- Knowledge creation and diffusion of public science with intellectual property rights / Jerry Thursby, Marie Thursby -- Intellectual property rights and competition policy / Mattias Ganslandt -- Intellectual property rights, parallel imports and strategic behavior / Mattias Ganslandt, Keith E. Maskus -- Intellectual property rights and international innovation / Walter G. Park -- Intellectual property rights and international technology transfer via trade and foreign direct investment / Kamal Saggi -- The theory of international policy coordination in the protection of ideas / Edwin L.-C. Lai -- The theory of dispute resolution with application to intellectual property rights / Mostafa Beshkar, Eric W. Bond -- Patents and access to essential medicines / Sumner La Croix, Ming Liu -- The scientific origins of the green and gene revolutions / Robert E. Evenson -- Incorporating a globalized intellectual property rights regime into an economic development strategy / Keith E. Maskus -- Patents and information diffusion / Jonathan Eaton, Samuel Kortum
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 9
    UID:
    b3kat_BV020039180
    Format: XV, 922 S.
    Edition: 1. publ.
    ISBN: 0521603021 , 0521841968 , 9780521603027 , 9780521841962
    Language: English
    Subjects: Economics , Law
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Öffentliche Leistung ; Wissens- und Technologietransfer ; Globalisierung ; Öffentliche Dienstleistung ; Technologietransfer ; Globalisierung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Konferenzschrift
    Author information: Maskus, Keith E. 1954-
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  • 10
    UID:
    b3kat_BV026948190
    Format: 37, [6] S. , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research 6773
    Language: Undetermined
    Subjects: Economics
    RVK:
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    Author information: Maskus, Keith E. 1954-
    Author information: Markusen, James R. 1948-
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