Format:
1 Online-Ressource (x, 566 Seiten)
,
Illustrationen
ISBN:
9783319563633
Series Statement:
Ecological studies Volume 230
Content:
Preface -- Contents -- Chapter 1: Overview of Phylogenetic Approaches to Mycorrhizal Biogeography, Diversity and Evolution -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Barcoding, Species Delimitation, and the Need for Robust Phylogenies -- 1.3 Reconstructing the Geographic Past: Phylo- and Biogeography -- 1.4 Molecular Dating and the Fossil Record -- 1.5 Tracking Species Richness Over Time and Space: Diversification Rates -- 1.6 Evolutionary Ecology -- 1.7 Methodological Biases and Caveats -- 1.8 Conclusions and Future Directions -- References -- Chapter 2: Population Biology and Ecology of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Fine-Scale Population Genetic Structure -- 2.2.1 Mating System and Colonisation Following Forest Stage -- 2.2.2 Species´ Ecological Strategy and Environmental Constraints -- 2.2.3 Above- and Belowground Patterns of Genet Distribution -- 2.2.4 Local Dispersal Patterns -- 2.2.5 Cryptic Sexuality -- 2.3 Response to Environment and Biotic Interactions -- 2.3.1 Environmental Constraints Shape EcMF Populations -- 2.3.2 EcMF Specialisation Towards Hosts -- 2.3.3 Impact of Dispersal on Population Structure -- 2.4 Landscape and Habitat Distribution Shape Modern and Past Populations -- 2.4.1 Isolation By Distance Among Populations -- 2.4.2 Landscape Genetics -- 2.4.3 Extensive Gene Flow -- 2.4.4 Co-migration with Hosts -- 2.5 Conclusions and Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 3: Spore Dispersal in Ectomycorrhizal Fungi at Fine and Regional Scales -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Spore Liberation -- 3.3 Into the Air -- 3.4 Short-Distance Wind Dispersal: Home Is Where the Roots Are -- 3.5 Medium-Distance Wind Dispersal: How Far Is Too Far? -- 3.6 Ascomycota -- 3.7 Secondary Homothallism -- 3.8 Mycophagy -- 3.9 Resistant Spores -- 3.10 Conclusions and Future Perspectives -- References
Content:
Chapter 4: Processes Maintaining the Coexistence of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi at a Fine Spatial Scale -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Ecological Selection -- 4.2.1 Selective Processes: Fundamental Niche Differences Among Ectomycorrhizal Fungi -- 4.2.2 Selective Processes: Competition Among Fungi and Between Fungi and Plant Roots -- 4.2.3 Outcomes of Selection: Realized Niche Partitioning -- 4.3 Drift -- 4.4 Dispersal -- 4.5 Synthesizing Dispersal, Drift, and Selection: Priority Effects -- 4.6 Speciation -- 4.7 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5: Altitudinal Gradients in Mycorrhizal Symbioses -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Environmental Factors -- 5.3 General Altitudinal Patterns in Terrestrial Ecosystems -- 5.4 The Distribution of Fungi Along Altitudinal Gradients -- 5.4.1 General Aspects -- 5.4.2 Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi -- 5.4.3 Ectomycorrhizal Fungi -- 5.4.4 Orchid Mycorrhizal Fungi -- 5.4.5 Ericoid Mycorrhizal Fungi -- 5.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 6: Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Lineages: Detection of Four New Groups and Notes on Consistent Recognition of Ectomycorrhiza... -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Approaches -- 6.3 Additional EcM Fungal Lineages -- 6.4 New Names for Previously Known EcM Lineages -- 6.5 Recently Revised Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Lineages -- 6.6 Potential EcM Lineages that Require More Data -- 6.7 New Additions of Genera Confirmed as Ectomycorrhizal -- 6.8 Notes on the /Elaphomyces Lineage -- 6.9 Saprotrophic, Facultatively Biotrophic Phlebopus -- 6.10 Recognition of EcM Fungal Lineages -- 6.11 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 7: The Predictive Power of Ecological Niche Modeling for Global Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Biogeography -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Importance of Species Level Models of AM Fungal Distribution -- 7.3 Testing Niche Modeling in a Common AM Fungal Taxon -- 7.3.1 Species Definitions
Content:
7.3.2 Spatial Resolution -- 7.3.3 Data Acquisition -- 7.3.4 Ecological Niche Model Parameters -- 7.4 Model Output -- 7.5 Limitations of Ecological Niche Models -- 7.6 The Future of Ecological Niche Models of AM Fungi -- References -- Chapter 8: Biogeography of Orchid Mycorrhizas -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Main Orchid Mycorrhizal Fungal Symbionts -- 8.2.1 Rhizoctonias -- 8.2.2 Other Mycorrhizal Fungi -- 8.3 Biogeographic Distribution of Orchid Mycorrhizal Fungi -- 8.4 Orchid Mycorrhizal Fungi and Islands -- 8.5 Distribution of Orchid Mycorrhizal Fungi Across Biomes -- 8.5.1 Mediterranean Shrublands -- 8.5.2 Temperate Deciduous Forests -- 8.5.3 Boreal Forests -- 8.5.4 Tropical Forests -- 8.6 Symbiont-Driven and Propagule-Driven Dispersal Limitation -- 8.7 Future Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 9: Biogeography of Ericoid Mycorrhiza -- 9.1 Ericoid Mycorrhizal Symbiosis -- 9.2 Ericoid Mycorrhizal Plants -- 9.2.1 Ericoid Mycorrhizal Plant Diversity -- 9.2.2 Ericoid Mycorrhizal Plant Biogeography -- 9.3 Ericoid Mycorrhizal Fungi -- 9.3.1 Ericoid Mycorrhizal Fungal Diversity -- 9.3.2 Ericoid Mycorrhizal Fungal Biogeography -- 9.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 10: Biogeography of Root-Associated Fungal Endophytes -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Biogeographic Signal in Endophyte Communities -- 10.3 Biogeographic Signal in the Commonly Observed Endophyte Taxa -- 10.4 Drivers of the Root-Associated Endophyte Communities -- 10.5 Case Study -- 10.6 Challenges of Biogeographical Studies of Root Endophytes -- 10.7 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 11: Global Patterns of Mycorrhizal Distribution and Their Environmental Drivers -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Distribution Patterns of Extraradical Mycorrhizal Fungal Abundance -- 11.3 Distribution Patterns of Plant Root Colonization Intensity by Mycorrhizal Fungi
Content:
11.4 Distribution Patterns of Mycorrhizal Plant Roots -- 11.5 Synthesis -- References -- Chapter 12: Biogeography and Ecology of Tulasnellaceae -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Systematics and Taxonomy -- 12.3 Phylogenetic Position of Tulasnella -- 12.4 The Presumable Age of Tulasnella and Evolution of Plant Associations -- 12.5 Biotrophic Associations of Tulasnella -- 12.5.1 Tulasnella Associated with Liverworts -- 12.5.2 Ectomycorrhiza (EcM) -- 12.5.3 Tulasnella Orchid Mycorrhiza (OM) -- 12.6 Biogeography of Tulasnella -- 12.6.1 Europe -- 12.6.2 Temperate Asia -- 12.6.3 Subtropical and Tropical Asia -- 12.6.4 North America -- 12.6.5 Central and South America -- 12.6.6 Africa -- 12.6.7 Australia -- 12.7 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 13: Biogeography of the Ectomycorrhizal Mushroom Genus Laccaria -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Laccaria Diversity and Species Delimitation -- 13.3 Laccaria Population Genetics and Life History -- 13.4 Ectomycorrhizal Associations in Laccaria -- 13.5 Known Laccaria Hosts and Their Biogeography -- 13.6 Early Evolution in the Southern Hemisphere -- 13.7 Dispersal of Laccaria to the Northern Hemisphere -- 13.8 Northern Hemisphere Laccaria Diversity and Biogeography -- 13.9 Concluding Remarks on the Future of Laccaria Biogeographic Study -- References -- Chapter 14: Progress and Challenges in Understanding the Biology, Diversity, and Biogeography of Cenococcum geophilum -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Host Range and Distribution -- 14.3 Phylogenetic Diversity in the C. geophilum Species Complex -- 14.4 High Genetic Diversity at Small Spatial Scales -- 14.5 Patterns in C. geophilum at Larger Geographic Scales -- 14.6 Future Directions -- References -- Chapter 15: Biogeography of the Japanese Gourmet Fungus, Tricholoma matsutake: A Review of the Distribution and Functional Eco... -- 15.1 Introduction
Content:
15.2 Host Diversity of T. matsutake -- 15.2.1 Circumboreal Distribution of T. matsutake and Related Species -- 15.2.2 Host-Tree Associations of T. matsutake in Japan -- 15.2.3 Host Associations of T. matsutake in Other Regions -- 15.2.4 Host Specificity -- 15.3 Microbial Diversity in the T. matsutake Shiro -- 15.3.1 Fungal Diversity in the Shiro -- 15.3.2 Bacterial Diversity in the Shiro -- 15.4 Fruiting Pattern of Matsutake in Relation to Climate and Weather -- 15.4.1 Temperature -- 15.4.2 Precipitation -- 15.5 Ecological Strategies of Matsutake -- 15.5.1 Functional Diversity and Nutrient Acquisition -- 15.5.2 Forest Management and T. matsutake Productivity -- 15.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 16: Biogeography and Specificity of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi of Coccoloba uvifera -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Approaches -- 16.3 Fungal Diversity -- 16.4 Environmental Filtering and Host Specificity -- 16.5 Biogeography of Thelephoraceae -- 16.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 17: Distribution and Evolution of Mycorrhizal Types and Other Specialised Roots in Australia -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 Mycorrhizal Diversity Comparisons -- 17.3 Root Evolution in Australia -- 17.3.1 Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) Plants -- 17.3.2 Ectomycorrhizal (EcM) Plants -- 17.3.3 Plants with Other Mycorrhizas -- 17.3.4 Nonmycorrhizal (NM) Plants -- 17.4 Discussion -- Box 17.1 Regional Comparisons of Mycorrhizal Plant Diversity -- References -- Chapter 18: Global Patterns in Local and Dark Diversity, Species Pool Size and Community Completeness in Ectomycorrhizal Fungi -- 18.1 Measures of Diversity -- 18.2 Modelling -- 18.3 Local and Dark Diversity -- 18.4 Species Pool and Community Completeness -- 18.5 Limitations -- 18.6 Conclusions and Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 19: Evolution of Ectomycorrhizal Symbiosis in Plants -- 19.1 Introduction -- 19.2 Data Sources
Content:
19.3 Evolution of Ectomycorrhizal Habit
Additional Edition:
9783319563626
Additional Edition:
Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Tedersoo, Leho; Biogeography of Mycorrhizal Symbiosis 9783319563626
Language:
English
Keywords:
Mykorrhiza
;
Symbiose
;
Biogeografie
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