Format:
Online Ressource (460 S.)
Edition:
1. Aufl.
Edition:
Online-Ausg. Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
ISBN:
9400723504
Series Statement:
Springer Atmospheric Sciences
Content:
Dario Papale
Content:
This highly practical handbook is an exhaustive treatment of eddy covariance measurement that will be of keen interest to scientists who are not necessarily specialists in micrometeorology. The chapters cover measuring fluxes using eddy covariance technique, from the tower installation and system dimensioning to data collection, correction and analysis. With a state-of-the-art perspective, the authors examine the latest techniques and address the most up-to-date methods for data processing and quality control. The chapters provide answers to data treatment problems including data filtering, fo
Note:
Description based upon print version of record
,
Eddy Covariance; Preface; Contents; Contributors; Chapter 1: The Eddy Covariance Method; 1.1 History; 1.2 Preliminaries; 1.2.1 Context of Eddy Covariance Measurements; 1.2.2 Reynolds Decomposition; 1.2.3 Scalar Definition; 1.3 One Point Conservation Equations; 1.3.1 Dry Air Mass Conservation (Continuity) Equation; 1.3.2 Momentum Conservation Equation; 1.3.3 Scalar Conservation Equation; 1.3.4 Enthalpy Equation; 1.4 Integrated Relations; 1.4.1 Dry Air Budget Equation; 1.4.2 Scalar Budget Equation (Generalized Eddy Covariance Method); 1.5 Spectral Analysis; 1.5.1 Spectral Analysis of Turbulence
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1.5.2 Spectral Analysis of Atmospheric Turbulence1.5.3 Sensor Filtering; 1.5.4 Impacts of Measurement Height and Wind Velocity; References; Chapter 2: Measurement, Tower, and Site Design Considerations; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Tower Considerations; 2.2.1 Theoretical Considerations for Tower Design; 2.2.1.1 Diverse Ecosystems and Environments; 2.2.1.2 Physical Effects on Surrounding Flows Due to the Presence of Tower Structure; 2.2.1.3 Size of Horizontal Supporting Boom; 2.2.1.4 Tower Deflection and Oscillations; 2.2.1.5 Recirculation Zone at the Opening in a Tall Canopy
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2.2.2 Tower Design and Science Requirements2.2.2.1 Tower Location Requirements; 2.2.2.2 Tower Structure Requirements; 2.2.2.3 Tower Height Requirements; 2.2.2.4 Tower Size Requirements; 2.2.2.5 Instrument Orientation Requirements; 2.2.2.6 Tower Installation and Site Impact Requirements; 2.3 Sonic Anemometer; 2.3.1 General Principles; 2.3.2 Problems and Corrections; 2.3.3 Requirements for Sonic Choice, Positioning, and Use; 2.4 Eddy CO2/H2O Analyzer; 2.4.1 General Description; 2.4.2 Closed-Path System; 2.4.2.1 Absolute and Differential Mode; 2.4.2.2 Tubing Requirements for Closed-Path Sensors
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2.4.2.3 Calibration for CO22.4.2.4 Water Vapor Calibration; 2.4.3 Open-Path Systems; 2.4.3.1 Installation and Maintenance; 2.4.3.2 Calibration; 2.4.4 Open and Closed Path Advantages and Disadvantages; 2.4.5 Narrow-Band Spectroscopic CO2 Sensors; 2.5 Profile Measurement; 2.5.1 Requirements for Measurement Levels; 2.5.2 Requirements for Profile Mixing Ratio Measurement; References; Chapter 3: Data Acquisition and Flux Calculations; 3.1 Data Transfer and Acquisition; 3.2 Flux Calculation from Raw Data; 3.2.1 Signal Transformation in Meteorological Units
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3.2.1.1 Wind Components and Speed of Sound from the Sonic Anemometer3.2.1.2 Concentration from a Gas Analyzer; 3.2.2 Quality Control of Raw Data; 3.2.3 Variance and Covariance Computation; 3.2.3.1 Mean and Fluctuation Computations; 3.2.3.2 Time Lag Determination; 3.2.4 Coordinate Rotation; 3.2.4.1 Requirements for the Choice of the Coordinate Frame and Its Orientation; 3.2.4.2 Coordinate Transformation Equations; 3.2.4.3 Determination of Rotation Angles; 3.3 Flux Determination; 3.3.1 Momentum Flux; 3.3.2 Buoyancy Flux and Sensible Heat Flux; 3.3.3 Latent Heat Flux and Other Trace Gas Fluxes
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3.3.4 Derivation of Additional Parameters
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Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
Additional Edition:
ISBN 9400723512
Additional Edition:
ISBN 9789400723511
Language:
English
Subjects:
Geography
Keywords:
Wirbel
;
Kovarianzanalyse
;
Turbulente Strömung
;
Electronic books
DOI:
10.1007/978-94-007-2351-1
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