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  • 1
    Book
    Book
    New York : Viking
    UID:
    (DE-627)546353487
    Format: [30] S. , col. ill , 32 cm
    ISBN: 9780670062843
    Content: The story of the building of Manhattan, from a small quiet island to the bustling city it is today
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    Language: English
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  • 2
    UID:
    (DE-627)1790539323
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (46 p)
    Series Statement: Documento CEDE No. 2019-40
    Content: Spanish Abstract:Este trabajo analiza los efectos del paro de docentes de 2017 sobre la distribución del uso del tiempo de los padres en Colombia, usando información de la Gran Encuesta Integrada de Hogares (GEIH) del DANE para los años 2016 y 2017. Por medio de un modelo de diferencias en diferencias, se logra identificar el efecto del paro de docentes sobre las horas dedicadas a realizar trabajo remunerado y no remunerado de los hombres y las mujeres. Se encuentra que el paro generó un aumento en la probabilidad de cuidar niños y de las horas dedicadas a esta tarea para las mujeres en el mes del paro. Adicionalmente, existe un efecto negativo sobre el número de horas trabajadas en la semana para las mujeres. No se encuentra un efecto significativo para los hombres en ninguna de las variables de interés
    Content: English Abstract: This paper analyzes the effects of the 2017 teacher strike on the distribution of parental time use in Colombia, using information from La Gran Encuesta Integrada de Hogares (GEIH) for the years 2016 and 2017. Using a differences in differences model, it is possible to identify the effect of temporary school closures on parental time use between paid and unpaid work. We find evidence that the strike led to an increase in the likelihood of caring for children and increased the hours devoted to this task for women in the month of the strike. In addition, temporary school closures negatively affect the labor supply of women. There is no significant effect for men on any of the variables of interest
    Note: Nach Informationen von SSRN wurde die ursprüngliche Fassung des Dokuments October 17, 2019 erstellt
    Language: Spanish
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  • 3
    UID:
    (DE-627)1803847751
    Content: This work is included in a largest project focused on the improvement of transgenic rice plants resistance against pests and phytopathogens. Our goal is the obtention of an improvement of the rice resistance against the lepidopterean Chilo suppressalis, the most important rice pest. The chosen strategy was the expression of the mpi gene (Maize Proteinase Inhibitor, coding for a proteinase inhibitor) on rice, by both biolistic and Agrobacterium transformation methods. The proteinase inhibitors are part of the natural defence system of plants against insect predation. Expression of this gene, and accumulation of the MPI protein, is stable through successive generations of rice transgenic lines. We have demonstrated that constitutive expression of the mpi gene confers resistance towards Chilo suppressalis larvae infestation in transgenic rice. Bioassays performed with transgenic rice plants expressing the mpi gene constitutively that were infested with Chilo larvae, showed that ingestion of the MPI lead to a significant reduction of the larvae weight with respect to the control larvae group (as far as 60 %). It is also important to point out that larvae fed on transgenic MPI plants showed a significant delay in their development, preventing the achievement of the L4 larval stage in most of them. The mpi promoter is functional in rice and confers wound-inducibility of gus reporter gene. The 2K fragment of mpi promoter confers a more rapid and intense induction than shortest C1 fragment. Moreover, 2K fragment of mpi promoter doesn't confer expression of gus reporter gene in the rice seed endosperm. On the other hand, the maize mpi gene is correctly expressed in rice plants under control of his own regulatory regions. The observed expression levels allow obtaining similar effects on Chilo larvae than those obtained with constitutive mpi expression. Besides, we fixed the optimal pH of digestive proteinase activities of Chilo suppressalis and Cacyreus marshalli (Geranium pest) as alkaline (pH 10.5 and 10 respectively). In Chilo digestive system participate serine proteinases activities of trypsin and chimotryspsin type, and also carboxy and aspartic proteinases. We also observed an adaptation effect on Chilo digestive system of larvae feed on transgenic rice plants, with an increase of 40% of total proteolytic activities in comparison to the control larvae activities. Nevertheless, this increase is not effective to overcome the MPI inhibitor effect. The analysis of AFP (Antifungal Protein) allows to conclude that this protein shows an elevated antifungal activity against F. verticillioides and M. grisea at low nM concentrations. Besides, AFP shows activity against the oomycete Phytophthora infestans at low mM concentrations. The presence of AFP protein leads to important morphological abnormalities of these phytopathogens. We have not detect toxic effects of AFP protein towards rice protoplasts at high AFP concentrations. The topic application of AFP protein on rice plants confers protection to Magnaporthe grisea infection.
    Note: Dissertation Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 2003
    Language: Catalan
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : [Barcelona] : Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
    UID:
    (DE-627)180384776X
    Content: El campo de la nanotecnología está expandiéndose de forma exponencial y con ello la preocupación social sobre los posibles efectos de sus productos (nanomateriales; NMs) en los organismos vivos. Dado que las principales vías de exposición a los NMs son el contacto dermal, la inhalación y la ingestión, la barrera intestinal adquiere gran importancia debido a la presencia de NMs en comida y envases de comida, además de su presencia en muchos otros productos de uso diario. En este contexto, el objetivo de esta Tesis es desarrollar un modelo intestinal formado por células Caco-2 para la evaluación del riesgo de NMs. Las células Caco-2 son células de adenocarcinoma de colon que tienen la capacidad de diferenciarse en enterocitos del intestino delgado. Bajo el marco del proyecto NANoREG, los resultados obtenidos han demostrado que se ha desarrollado con éxito un protocolo robusto para obtener una barrera in vitro intestinal estable y reproducible compuesta por estas células Caco-2 diferenciadas. Usando concentraciones subtóxicas de TiO2NPs, ZnONPs, SiO2NPs, CeO2NPs, AgNPs y MWCNT durante 24 horas, se han realizado diferentes tipos de análisis, a saber: a) evaluación de la integridad y permeabilidad de la monocapa, b) internalización celular, c) translocación de los NMs, d) evaluación del daño genotóxico y d) evaluación de la integridad de la monocapa a través de cambios de la expresión del mRNA. Los resultados tras la exposición a concentraciones subtóxicas no mostraron alteración en la integridad ni en la permeabilidad de la monocapa. Además, se observó internalización de las AgNPs tanto en el citoplasma como en el núcleo, mientras que las TiO2NPs y las CeO2NPs se encontraron sedimentadas en la membrana apical de las células. La capacidad de evaluar la translocación de los NMs a través de la barrera celular resultó ser muy limitada. El TEM-EDX, la microscopía confocal y el ICP-MS produjeron resultados de los que se puede concluir una limitada translocación de TiO2NPs, ZnONPS y CeO2NPS. En la evaluación del daño genotóxico mediante el ensayo del cometa, se observó que sólo las AgNPs son capaces de producir daño oxidativo en el DNA y tan sólo en la concentración más alta analizada (50 μg/mL). En la evaluación de la expresión del mRNA de genes de transportadores celulares (SI y SLC15A1) y de adhesión célula-célula (OCCLUDIN y CLAUDIN2), los resultados mostraron mucha variabilidad entre réplicas y no se encontraron cambios significativos en ninguno de ellos tras la exposición a AgNPs. Al margen del proyecto europeo y con el fin de evaluar el riesgo de la exposición a NMs a largo plazo, se expusieron las células Caco-2 en su estado no diferenciado a concentraciones subtóxicas de AgNPs durante 6 semanas evaluándose su capacidad de transformación. Estas células mostraron necesitar un tiempo de adaptación en el que disminuyen el ritmo de división debido a la exposición hasta que lo recuperan a lo largo del tratamiento. Tras 6 semanas de exposición, las células Caco-2 expresan algunas características de célula transformada: a) aumentan su nivel de proliferación, b) adquieren la capacidad de crecer en soft-agar, y de promover el crecimiento en soft-agar de otras células tumorales (HCT116), c) aumentan la secreción de 12Ps, y d) incrementan su capacidad migratoria. Sin embargo, la exposición no mostró inducir cambios en la expresión de los genes involucrados en EMT, adhesión celular, citoesqueleto o supresores de tumores. A pesar de esto, los resultados globales indicarían que las AgNPs no son seguras en términos de carcinogénesis. ; The field of nanotechnology is increasing every day. For this reason, the social concern about the possible effects of their products (nanomaterials; NMs) in living organisms is also growing. Since the main routes of exposure to NMs are dermal contact, inhalation, and ingestion, the intestinal barrier is very important due to the presence of NMs in food and food packaging, in addition to its presence in many other daily products. In this context, the objective of this Thesis is to develop an intestinal model formed by Caco-2 cells in order to assess the risk of NMs. Caco-2 cells are from colon adenocarcinoma and have the capacity to differentiate into enterocytes of the small intestine. Under the framework of the NANoREG's project, the results have shown that we have successfully developed a robust protocol to obtain stable and reproducible in vitro intestinal barrier composed of these differentiated Caco-2 cells. Using sub-toxic concentrations of TiO2NPs, ZnONPs, SiO2NPs, CeO2NPs, AgNPS and MWCNT for 24 hours, we have performed different types of analysis: a) assessment of the integrity and permeability of the monolayer, b) cellular internalization, c) translocation of NMs, d) evaluation of genotoxic damage, d) assessment of the integrity of the monolayer through changes in mRNA expression. The results after exposure to sub-toxic concentrations showed no alteration in the integrity or the permeability of the monolayer. Furthermore, internalization of AgNPS was observed in both the cytoplasm and nucleus while TiO2NPs and CeO2NPs found sedimented on the apical membrane of cells. The ability to evaluate the translocation of NMs through the cell barrier proved to be very limited. TEM-EDX, confocal microscopy, and ICP-MS showed limited translocation of TiO2NPs, ZnONPs, and CeO2NPS. In the evaluation of genotoxic damage by comet assay, it was observed that only AgNPS are capable of producing oxidative DNA damage and only at the highest concentration tested (50 μg/mL). In assessing mRNA expression of genes of cellular transporters (SI and SLC15A1) and cell-cell adhesion (OCCLUDIN and CLAUDIN2), results showed a lot of variability between replicates and no significant changes were found in any of them after exposure to AgNPS. Besides the European project and in order to assess the risk of exposure to NMs in the long term, Caco-2 cells in their undifferentiated state were exposed for 6 weeks to sub-toxic concentrations of AgNPS evaluating its transformation capacity. These cells were subjected to a period of adaptation in which the cells decreased the rate of division due to exposure until regaining it at the end of the treatment. After 6 weeks of exposure, the Caco-2 cells expressed some features of the transformed cells: a) increased the proliferation rate, b) acquired the ability to grow in soft agar, and promoted the growth of other tumour cells (HCT116) in soft-agar, c) increased the secretion of MMPs, and d) increased their migratory capacity. However, exposure didn't show changes in the expression of genes involved in EMT, cell adhesion, cytoskeleton or tumour suppressors. Despite this, the overall results indicate that the AgNPS are not safe in terms of carcinogenesis.
    Note: Dissertation [Barcelona] : Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 2016
    Language: Spanish
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  • 5
    UID:
    (DE-602)b3kat_BV043847951
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (60 Seiten) , Diagramme
    Note: Masterarbeit Freie Universität Berlin 2014
    Language: Spanish
    Keywords: Hochschulschrift
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Universitat Pompeu Fabra
    UID:
    (DE-627)1803891300
    Content: Clinical trials seeking to improve cognitive performance are in dire need of biochemical biomarkers that reflect the processes taking place in the brain. In Down syndrome, this information is crucial to understand the progression of cognitive decline, or to evaluate the beneficial effects of a treatment, but there are few available biomarkers for this condition. We have analyzed the association between biomarkers (biochemical, genetic), executive functions, and cognitive decline, in the context of a clinical trial, taking into account extrinsic factors (education, diet) that may obscure the interpretation of the obtained results. We found that altered lipid profile or increased homocysteine concentrations in plasma are associated to worse executive functions. Additionally, increased plasma concentrations of amyloid peptides are associated to early dementia signs. I also optimized a new technique of tissue and cell culture to obtain neuronal precursors from the nasal olfactory epithelium for biomarker studies. The results of this study should provide with new tools to evaluate treatment efficacy and cognitive decline risk in the context of clinical trials in Down syndrome. ; Els assajos clínics que cerquen la millora del rendiment cognitiu tenen la necessitat de disposar de biomarcadors que reflecteixin els processos que tenen lloc en el cervell. En la síndrome de Down aquesta informació és crucial per a entendre la progressió del declini cognitiu o per a avaluar els efectes beneficiosos d'un tractament però encara hi ha pocs biomarcadors disponibles per a aquesta afectació. Hem avaluat l'associació entre biomarcadors (bioquímics, genètics), funcions executives i declini cognitiu, en el context d'un assaig clínic, tenint en compte factors extrínsecs (educació, dieta) que poden afectar la interpretació dels resultats. Els nostres demostren que un perfil lipídic alterat o unes concentracions incrementades d'homocisteïna en plasma estan associats a pitjors funcions executives. També observem una associació entre concentracions incrementades de pèptids amiloides i signes primerencs de demència. També he optimitzat una nova tècnica de cultiu tissular i cel·lular per a obtenir precursors neuronals de l'epiteli olfactiu per a l'estudi de biomarcadors. Els resultats d'aquest estudi podrien proporcionar noves eines per a avaluar l'eficàcia de tractament i el risc de declini cognitiu en el context d'assaigs clínics en la síndrome de Down.
    Note: Dissertation Universitat Pompeu Fabra 2016
    Language: English
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Bellaterra : Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
    UID:
    (DE-627)1803847743
    Content: Consultable des del TDX ; Títol obtingut de la portada digitalitzada ; This work is included in a largest project focused on the improvement of transgenic rice plants resistance against pests and phytopathogens. Our goal is the obtention of an improvement of the rice resistance against the lepidopterean Chilo suppressalis, the most important rice pest. The chosen strategy was the expression of the mpi gene (Maize Proteinase Inhibitor, coding for a proteinase inhibitor) on rice, by both biolistic and Agrobacterium transformation methods. The proteinase inhibitors are part of the natural defence system of plants against insect predation. Expression of this gene, and accumulation of the MPI protein, is stable through successive generations of rice transgenic lines. We have demonstrated that constitutive expression of the mpi gene confers resistance towards Chilo suppressalis larvae infestation in transgenic rice. Bioassays performed with transgenic rice plants expressing the mpi gene constitutively that were infested with Chilo larvae, showed that ingestion of the MPI lead to a significant reduction of the larvae weight with respect to the control larvae group (as far as 60 %). It is also important to point out that larvae fed on transgenic MPI plants showed a significant delay in their development, preventing the achievement of the L4 larval stage in most of them. The mpi promoter is functional in rice and confers wound-inducibility of gus reporter gene. The 2K fragment of mpi promoter confers a more rapid and intense induction than shortest C1 fragment. Moreover, 2K fragment of mpi promoter doesn't confer expression of gus reporter gene in the rice seed endosperm. On the other hand, the maize mpi gene is correctly expressed in rice plants under control of his own regulatory regions. The observed expression levels allow obtaining similar effects on Chilo larvae than those obtained with constitutive mpi expression. Besides, we fixed the optimal pH of digestive proteinase activities of Chilo suppressalis and Cacyreus marshalli (Geranium pest) as alkaline (pH 10.5 and 10 respectively). In Chilo digestive system participate serine proteinases activities of trypsin and chimotryspsin type, and also carboxy and aspartic proteinases. We also observed an adaptation effect on Chilo digestive system of larvae feed on transgenic rice plants, with an increase of 40% of total proteolytic activities in comparison to the control larvae activities. Nevertheless, this increase is not effective to overcome the MPI inhibitor effect. The analysis of AFP (Antifungal Protein) allows to conclude that this protein shows an elevated antifungal activity against F. verticillioides and M. grisea at low nM concentrations. Besides, AFP shows activity against the oomycete Phytophthora infestans at low mM concentrations. The presence of AFP protein leads to important morphological abnormalities of these phytopathogens. We have not detect toxic effects of AFP protein towards rice protoplasts at high AFP concentrations. The topic application of AFP protein on rice plants confers protection to Magnaporthe grisea infection.
    Note: Dissertation Bellaterra : Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 2004
    Language: Catalan
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  • 8
    UID:
    (DE-627)848056752
    Format: xvii, 507 Seiten , Illustrationen, grafische Darstellungen
    ISBN: 9789814669283
    Note: Literaturangaben
    Additional Edition: 9789814669290
    Language: English
    Keywords: Gold ; Heterogene Katalyse ; Homogene Katalyse ; Nanopartikel ; Electronic books ; Aufsatzsammlung
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  • 9
    UID:
    (DE-627)771309457
    Format: 95 S. , Ill.
    ISBN: 9788448932299
    In: Solucionari
    Language: Spanish
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  • 10
    UID:
    (DE-627)1694134040
    Format: 44 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Documentos CEDE 2019, no. 40 (octubre de 2019)
    Note: Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe , Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache
    Language: Spanish
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
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