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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Teilprojekte Psychologie & Projektkoordination und Datenbank (2015)
    Berlin : Max-Planck-Institut für Bildungforschung
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_842150544
    Format: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 78 S., 1.769 KB)
    Series Statement: Berliner Altersstudie II (BASE-II) : Abschlussberichte; Berichtszeitraum: 01.12.2011 - 31.05.2015 / Forschungsgruppe Geriatrie der Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin ... [1]
    Note: Unterschiede zwischen dem gedruckten Dokument und der elektronischen Ressource können nicht ausgeschlossen werden , Förderkennzeichen BMBF 16SV5837. - Verbund-Nr. 01113285. - [Engl. Berichtsbl. u.d.T.: Berlin Aging study II (BASE-II) - subproject: Psychology & project coordination and database] , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat reader.
    Additional Edition: Druckausg. Lindenberger, Ulman Berliner Altersstudie II (BASE-II) ; [1]: Teilprojekte Psychologie & Projektkoordination und Datenbank Berlin : Max-Planck-Institut für Bildungforschung, 2015
    Language: German
    DOI: 10.2314/GBV:842150544
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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    MPI Bildungsforschung
    DZA Berlin
  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Exercise-Induced Fitness Changes Correlate with Changes in Neural Specificity in Older Adults (2017)
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    Details
    UID:
    edochu_18452_19469
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (8 Seiten)
    ISSN: 1662-5161 , 1662-5161
    Content: Neural specificity refers to the degree to which neural representations of different stimuli can be distinguished. Evidence suggests that neural specificity, operationally defined as stimulus-related differences in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activation patterns, declines with advancing adult age, and that individual differences in neural specificity are associated with individual differences in fluid intelligence. A growing body of literature also suggests that regular physical activity may help preserve cognitive abilities in old age. Based on this literature, we hypothesized that exercise-induced improvements in fitness would be associated with greater neural specificity among older adults. A total of 52 adults aged 59–74 years were randomly assigned to one of two aerobic-fitness training regimens, which differed in intensity. Participants in both groups trained three times a week on stationary bicycles. In the low-intensity (LI) group, the resistance was kept constant at a low level (10 Watts). In the high-intensity (HI) group, the resistance depended on participants’ heart rate and therefore typically increased with increasing fitness. Before and after the 6-month training phase, participants took part in a functional MRI experiment in which they viewed pictures of faces and buildings. We used multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) to estimate the distinctiveness of neural activation patterns in ventral visual cortex (VVC) evoked by face or building stimuli. Fitness was also assessed before and after training. In line with our hypothesis, traininginduced changes in fitness were positively associated with changes in neural specificity. We conclude that physical activity may protect against age-related declines in neural specificity.
    Note: Nachgenutzt gemäß den CC-Bestimmungen des Lizenzgebers bzw. einer im Dokument selbst enthaltenen CC-Lizenz.
    In: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 11,2017,123, 1662-5161
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.18452/18756
    URN: urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-110-18452/19469-2
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    HU Berlin
  • 3
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    An Adult Developmental Approach to Perceived Facial Attractiveness and Distinctiveness (2018)
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    Details
    UID:
    edochu_18452_22003
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (20 Seiten)
    Content: Attractiveness and distinctiveness constitute facial features with high biological and social relevance. Bringing a developmental perspective to research on social-cognitive face perception, we used a large set of faces taken from the FACES Lifespan Database to examine effects of face and perceiver characteristics on subjective evaluations of attractiveness and distinctiveness in young (20–31 years), middle-aged (44–55 years), and older (70–81 years) men and women. We report novel findings supporting variations by face and perceiver age, in interaction with gender and emotion: although older and middle-aged compared to young perceivers generally rated faces of all ages as more attractive, young perceivers gave relatively higher attractiveness ratings to young compared to middle-aged and older faces. Controlling for variations in attractiveness, older compared to young faces were viewed as more distinctive by young and middle-aged perceivers. Age affected attractiveness more negatively for female than male faces. Furthermore, happy faces were rated as most attractive, while disgusted faces were rated as least attractive, particularly so by middle-aged and older perceivers and for young and female faces. Perceivers largely agreed on distinctiveness ratings for neutral and happy emotions, but older and middle-aged compared to young perceivers rated faces displaying negative emotions as more distinctive. These findings underscore the importance of a lifespan perspective on perception of facial characteristics and suggest possible effects of age on goal-directed perception, social motivation, and in-group bias. This publication makes available picture-specific normative data for experimental stimulus selection.
    Content: Peer Reviewed
    In: Lausanne : Frontiers Media S.A., 9
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00561
    DOI: 10.18452/21261
    URN: urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-110-18452/22003-8
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    HU Berlin
  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Linking Brain Age Gap to Mental and Physical Health in the Berlin Aging Study II (2022)
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    Details
    UID:
    edochu_18452_25814
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (16 Seiten)
    Content: From a biological perspective, humans differ in the speed they age, and this may manifest in both mental and physical health disparities. The discrepancy between an individual’s biological and chronological age of the brain (“brain age gap”) can be assessed by applying machine learning techniques to Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data. Here, we examined the links between brain age gap and a broad range of cognitive, affective, socioeconomic, lifestyle, and physical health variables in up to 335 adults of the Berlin Aging Study II. Brain age gap was assessed using a validated prediction model that we previously trained on MRI scans of 32,634 UK Biobank individuals. Our statistical analyses revealed overall stronger evidence for a link between higher brain age gap and less favorable health characteristics than expected under the null hypothesis of no effect, with 80% of the tested associations showing hypothesis-consistent effect directions and 23% reaching nominal significance. The most compelling support was observed for a cluster covering both cognitive performance variables (episodic memory, working memory, fluid intelligence, digit symbol substitution test) and socioeconomic variables (years of education and household income). Furthermore, we observed higher brain age gap to be associated with heavy episodic drinking, higher blood pressure, and higher blood glucose. In sum, our results point toward multifaceted links between brain age gap and human health. Understanding differences in biological brain aging may therefore have broad implications for future informed interventions to preserve mental and physical health in old age.
    Note: This article was supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) and the Open Access Publication Fund of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.
    In: Lausanne : Frontiers Research Foundation, 14
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.791222
    DOI: 10.18452/25128
    URN: urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-110-18452/25814-2
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    HU Berlin
  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Today’s Older Adults Are Cognitively Fitter Than Older Adults Were 20 Years Ago, but When and How They Decline Is No Different Than in the Past (2022)
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    Details
    UID:
    edochu_18452_26712
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (13 Seiten)
    ISSN: 0956-7976 , 0956-7976
    Content: History-graded increases in older adults’ levels of cognitive performance are well documented, but little is known about historical shifts in within-person change: cognitive decline and onset of decline. We combined harmonized perceptual-motor speed data from independent samples recruited in 1990 and 2010 to obtain 2,008 age-matched longitudinal observations (M = 78 years, 50% women) from 228 participants in the Berlin Aging Study (BASE) and 583 participants in the Berlin Aging Study II (BASE-II). We used nonlinear growth models that orthogonalized within- and between-person age effects and controlled for retest effects. At age 78, the later-born BASE-II cohort substantially outperformed the earlier-born BASE cohort (d = 1.20; 25 years of age difference). Age trajectories, however, were parallel, and there was no evidence of cohort differences in the amount or rate of decline and the onset of decline. Cognitive functioning has shifted to higher levels, but cognitive decline in old age appears to proceed similarly as it did two decades ago.
    Content: Peer Reviewed
    In: London : Sage, 34,1, Seiten 22-34, 0956-7976
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1177/09567976221118541
    DOI: 10.18452/26034
    URN: urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-110-18452/26712-0
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    HU Berlin
  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Thalamocortical excitability modulation guides human perception under uncertainty (2021)
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    Details
    UID:
    edochu_18452_27366
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (15 Seiten)
    Content: Knowledge about the relevance of environmental features can guide stimulus processing. However, it remains unclear how processing is adjusted when feature relevance is uncertain. We hypothesized that (a) heightened uncertainty would shift cortical networks from a rhythmic, selective processing-oriented state toward an asynchronous (“excited”) state that boosts sensitivity to all stimulus features, and that (b) the thalamus provides a subcortical nexus for such uncertainty-related shifts. Here, we had young adults attend to varying numbers of task-relevant features during EEG and fMRI acquisition to test these hypotheses. Behavioral modeling and electrophysiological signatures revealed that greater uncertainty lowered the rate of evidence accumulation for individual stimulus features, shifted the cortex from a rhythmic to an asynchronous/excited regime, and heightened neuromodulatory arousal. Crucially, this unified constellation of within-person effects was dominantly reflected in the uncertainty-driven upregulation of thalamic activity. We argue that neuromodulatory processes involving the thalamus play a central role in how the brain modulates neural excitability in the face of momentary uncertainty.
    Content: How is neural processing adjusted when people experience uncertainty about the relevance of a stimulus feature? Here, the authors provide evidence suggesting that heightened uncertainty shifts cortical networks from a rhythmic to an asynchronous (“excited”) state and that the thalamus is central for such uncertainty-related shifts.
    Content: Peer Reviewed
    In: [London] : Nature Publishing Group UK, 12,1
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22511-7
    DOI: 10.18452/26673
    URN: urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-110-18452/27366-5
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    HU Berlin
  • 7
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    Online Resource
    The Subjective Health Horizon Questionnaire (SHH-Q): Assessing Future Time Perspectives for Facets of an Active Lifestyle (2016)
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    Details
    UID:
    edochu_18452_21532
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (9 Seiten)
    ISSN: 0304-324X , 0304-324X
    Content: Background: A wider subjective time horizon is assumed to be positively associated with longevity and vitality. In particular, a lifestyle with exposure to novel and varied information is considered beneficial for healthy cognitive aging. At present, measures that specifically assess individuals' perceived temporal extension to engage in active lifestyles in the future are not available. Objectives: We introduce and validate a new self-report measure, the Subjective Health Horizon Questionnaire (SHH-Q). The SHH-Q assesses individuals' future time perspectives in relation to four interrelated but distinct lifestyle dimensions: (1) novelty-oriented exploration (Novelty), (2) bodily fitness (Body), (3) work goals (Work), and (4) goals in life (Life Goals). The present study aims at: (a) validating the hypothesized factor structure of the SHH-Q, according to which the SHH-Q consists of four interrelated but distinct subscales, and (b) testing the hypothesis that the Novelty and Body subscales of the SHH-Q show positive and selective associations with markers of cognition and somatic health, respectively. Methods: Using structural equation modeling, we analyzed data from 1,371 healthy individuals (51% women) with a mean age of 70.1 years (SD = 3.6) who participated in the Berlin Aging Study II (BASE-II) and completed the SHH-Q. Results: As predicted, the SHH-Q formed four correlated but distinct subscales: (1) Novelty, (2) Body, (3) Work, and (4) Life Goals. Greater self-reported future novelty orientation was associated with higher current memory performance, and greater future expectations regarding bodily fitness with better current metabolic status. Conclusion: The SHH-Q reliably assesses individual differences in four distinct dimensions of future time perspective. Two of these dimensions, Novelty and Body, show differential associations with cognitive status and somatic health. The SHH-Q may serve as a tool to assess how different facets of future time perspective relate to somatic health, cognition, motivation, and affect, and may help to identify the socioeconomic and individual antecedents, correlates, and consequences of an active lifestyle.
    Content: Peer Reviewed
    Note: This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.
    In: Basel, Switzerland : S. Karger AG, 62,3, Seiten 345-353, 0304-324X
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1159/000441493
    DOI: 10.18452/20796
    URN: urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-110-18452/21532-2
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    HU Berlin
  • 8
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    The Role of Time in the Quest for Understanding Psychological Mechanisms (2019)
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    Details
    UID:
    edochu_18452_20796
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (25 Seiten)
    ISSN: 1532-7906 , 1532-7906
    Content: The lead-lag structure of multivariate time-ordered observations and the possibility to disentangle between-person (BP) from within-person (WP) sources of variance are major assets of longitudinal (panel) data. Hence, psychologists are making increasing use of such data, often with the intent to delineate the dynamic properties of psychological mechanisms, understood as a sequence of causal effects that govern psychological functioning. However, even with longitudinal data, psychological mechanisms are not easily identified. In this article, we show how an adequate representation of time may enhance the tenability of causal interpretations in the context of multivariate longitudinal data analysis. We anchor our considerations with an example that illustrates some of the main problems and questions faced by applied researchers and practitioners. We distinguish between static versus dynamic and discrete versus continuous time modeling approaches and discuss their advantages and disadvantages. We place particular emphasis on different ways of addressing BP differences and stress their dual role as potential confounds versus valuable sources of information for improving estimation and aiding causal inference. We conclude by outlining an approach that offers the potential of better integration of information on BP differences and WP changes in the search for causal mechanisms along with a discussion of current problems and limitations.
    Content: Peer Reviewed
    Note: This article was supported by the Open Access Publication Fund of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.
    In: New York, NY : Psychology Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 53,6, Seiten 782-805, 1532-7906
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.18452/20045
    DOI: 10.1080/00273171.2018.1496813
    URN: urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-110-18452/20796-0
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  • 9
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    Cohort Differences in Psychosocial Function over 20 Years: Current Older Adults Feel Less Lonely and Less Dependent on External Circumstances (2016)
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    Details
    UID:
    edochu_18452_21535
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (8 Seiten)
    ISSN: 0304-324X , 0304-324X
    Content: Background: Lifespan psychological and life course sociological perspectives indicate that individual development is shaped by social and historical circumstances. Increases in fluid cognitive performance over the last century are well documented and researchers have begun examining historical trends in personality and subjective well-being in old age. Relatively less is known about secular changes in other key components of psychosocial function among older adults. Objective: In the present study, we examined cohort differences in key components of psychosocial function, including subjective age, control beliefs, and perceived social integration, as indicated by loneliness and availability of very close others. Methods: We compared data obtained 20 years apart in the Berlin Aging Study (in 1990-1993) and the Berlin Aging Study II (in 2013-2014) and identified case-matched cohort groups based on age, gender, cohort-normed education, and marital or partner status (n = 153 in each cohort, mean age = 75 years). In follow-up analyses, we controlled for having lived in former East versus West Germany, physical diseases, cohort-normed household income, cognitive performance, and the presence of a religious affiliation. Results: Consistently across analyses, we found that, relative to the earlier-born BASE cohort (year of birth: mean = 1916; SD = 3.38 years; range = 1901-1922), participants in the BASE-II sample (year of birth: mean = 1939; SD = 3.22 years; range = 1925-1949) reported lower levels of external control beliefs (d = -1.01) and loneliness (d = -0.63). Cohorts did not differ in subjective age, availability of very close others, and internal control beliefs. Conclusion: Taken together, our findings suggest that some aspects of psychosocial function of older adults have improved across the two recent decades. We discuss the possible role of sociocultural factors that might have led to the observed set of cohort differences.
    Content: Peer Reviewed
    Note: This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.
    In: Basel, Switzerland : S. Karger AG, 62,3, Seiten 354-361, 0304-324X
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1159/000438991
    DOI: 10.18452/20797
    URN: urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-110-18452/21535-0
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    HU Berlin
  • 10
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    Aging, professional expertise, and cognitive plasticity : the sample case of imagery-based memory functioning in expert graphic designers (1991)
    Stuttgart : Klett-Cotta
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_719579384
    Format: 130 S. , Ill., graph. Darst. , Digitalisierungsvorlage: Primärausgabe
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Berlin Max-Planck-Institut für Bildungsforschung 2012 Online-Ressource
    ISBN: 3608982574
    Series Statement: Studien und Berichte / Max-Planck-Institut für Bildungsforschung 52
    Note: Literaturverz. S. 113 - 123 , Zugl.: Berlin, West, Freie Univ., Diss., 1990 , Bibliothek des Max-Planck-Instituts für Bildungsforschung , Zsfassung in dt. Sprache
    Additional Edition: Druckausg. Lindenberger, Ulman, 1961 - Aging, professional expertise, and cognitive plasticity Berlin : Max-Planck-Inst. für Bildungsforschung, 1991 ISBN 3608982574
    Language: English
    Subjects: Psychology , Sociology
    RVK:
    MS 2700
    RVK:
    CQ 7400
    RVK:
    CP 4000
    RVK:
    CR 5000
    RVK:
    CQ 7200
    Keywords: Grafikdesigner ; Fachwissen ; Plastizität ; Intelligenzleistung ; Gedächtnis ; Älterer Mensch ; Altersunterschied ; Experte ; Hochschulschrift
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    Author information: Lindenberger, Ulman 1961-
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