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  • Open access  (7)
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  • 1
    Book
    Book
    Government as a discriminating monopolist in the financial market : the case of China (1999)
    Cambridge, Mass.
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV026943404
    Format: 26 S. , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research 7110
    Language: English
    Subjects: Economics
    RVK:
    QB 910
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 2
    Book
    Book
    Tax structure in developing countries : many puzzles and a possible explanation (2005)
    Cambridge, Mass. : National Bureau of Economic Research
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV023591425
    Format: 34 S.
    Series Statement: National Bureau of Economic Research 〈Cambridge, Mass.〉: NBER working paper series 11267
    Content: "Tax policies seen in developing countries are puzzling on many dimensions. To begin with, revenue/GDP is surprisingly small compared with that in developed economies. Taxes on labor income play a minor role. Taxes on consumption are important, but effective tax rates vary dramatically by firm, with many firms avoiding taxes entirely by operating through cash in the informal economy and others facing very high liabilities. Taxes on capital are an important source of revenue, as are tariffs and seignorage, all contrary to the theoretical literature.In this paper, we argue that all of these aspects of policy may be sensible responses if a government is able in practice to collect taxes only from those firms that make use of the financial sector. Through use of the financial sector, firms generate a paper trail, facilitating tax enforcement. The threat of disintermediation then limits how much can be collected in taxes. Taxes can most easily be collected from the firms most dependent on the financial sector, presumably capital-intensive firms. Given the resulting differential tax rates by sector, other policies would sensibly be used to offset these tax distortions. Tariff protection for capital-intensive firms is one. Inflation, imposing a tax on the cash economy is another"--National Bureau of Economic Research web site.
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 3
    Book
    Book
    Puzzling tax structures in developing countries : a comparison of two alternative explanations (2005)
    Cambridge, Mass. : National Bureau of Economic Research
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV023591704
    Format: 38 S.
    Series Statement: National Bureau of Economic Research 〈Cambridge, Mass.〉: NBER working paper series 11661
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Government Connections and Financial Constraints : Evidence from a Large Representative Sample of Chinese Firms (2013)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_797589589
    Format: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Research Working Paper 6352
    Content: This paper examines the role of firms' government connections, defined by government intervention in the appointments of Chief Executive Officers and the status of state ownership, in determining the severity of financial constraints faced by Chinese firms. In line with the previous literature, the paper demonstrates that investment by non-state firms is highly sensitive to internal cash flows, while no such sensitivity is found for government-owned enterprises. Even within the subset of non-state firms, government connections are associated with substantially less severe financial constraints (less reliance on internal cash flows to fund investment). The paper also finds that large non-state firms with weak government connections are especially financially constrained, due perhaps to the formidable hold that their state rivals have on financial resources after the "grabbing-the-big-and-letting-go-the-small" privatization program in China. Firms with government-appointed Chief Executive Officers also have significantly lower investment intensities, due perhaps to their lower-powered incentives. The empirical results suggest that government connections play an important role in explaining Chinese firms' investment behavior and financing conditions, and provide further evidence on the nature of the misallocation of credit by China's dominant state-owned banks.
    Language: English
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    Stabi Berlin
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Diagnosing Development Bottlenecks : China and India (2012)
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_79751967X
    Format: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Research working paper WPS 5641
    Content: Although it had a a lower income level than India in 1980, China's 2006 per capita gross domestic product stands more than twice that of India's. This paper investigates the role of the business environment in explaining China's productivity advantage using recent firm-level survey data. The analysis finds that China has better infrastructure, more skilled workers, and more labor-hiring flexibility than India, but a worse access to finance and higher regulatory burden. Infrastructure appears to be a key constraint for India: it lags significantly behind China, yet it has important indirect effects for the effectiveness of labor flexibility. Labor flexibility is also likely a major constraint for India, as evident in the predominance of small firms, the importance of firm size in accounting for India's disadvantage in productivity, and the complementarity of proxies of labor flexibility with infrastructure and access to finance. Interestingly, regulatory uncertainty has adverse effects in India but not in China. The empirical analysis suggests that it is important to consider country-specific growth bottlenecks and the indirect effects of policy reforms.
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ecosystem observation, simulation and assessment (2023)
    Basel : MDPI
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV049025725
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (VII, 247 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme
    ISBN: 9783036567754
    Note: Printed edition of the special issue published in "Diversity"
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe, Hardcover ISBN 978-3-0365-6774-7
    Language: English
    Keywords: Ökosystem ; Überwachung ; Simulation ; Bewertung ; Aufsatzsammlung
    DOI: 10.3390/books978-3-0365-6775-4
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    chi xiu zhe jiang tong zhi (1812)
    [China]
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_1047467933
    Format: 綫裝120冊 (20函) , 地圖 , 24,9 cm, 版框 19,5 x 14,9 cm, 10行, 行22字, 小字雙行同, 白口, 四周雙邊, 單黑魚尾, 版心上題《勅修浙江通志》, 中題卷次及篇名, 下題頁碼
    Edition: 刻本
    Edition: Online-Ausgabe Berlin Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz 2013 1 Online-Ressource Verlagerte Bestände digital Ostasiatica
    Original writing title: 勅修浙江通志 280卷 首3卷
    Original writing person/organisation: 嵇曾筠
    Note: Teildigitalisat. Als Beispielseiten wurden digitalisiert: Dateiordner NS 165 1: 第1冊: 書封面, 勅修浙江通志進: 呈表 (嵇曾筠欽奉), 勅修浙江通部文, [清嘉慶]纂修職名, [清乾隆]勅修浙江通志後序 (傅王露), 總目, 凡例, [清乾隆]勅修浙江通志序 (程元章、嵇曾筠、張若震、王紘、郝玉麟、李衛), [清嘉慶跋] (蔣攸銛、高杞、廣玉), 首卷1: 詔諭首 (5葉), 第1冊封面的背面; 卷1: 圖說; 卷2: 星野首 (5葉) - Dateiordner NS 165 15: 卷206首: 列女五 (5葉) , 第1冊封面手寫: "N. S. 165 I, Chê-chiang t'ung-chih, Vorr. & Einl. 1" , 出版年據高杞跋 , 勅修浙江通志後序: 傅王露 (1736), 勅修浙江通志序: 程元章 (1736), 勅修浙江通志序: 嵇曾筠 (1736), 勅修浙江通志序: 張若震 (1736), 勅修浙江通志序: 王紘 (1735) ,勅修浙江通志序: 郝玉麟 (1736), 勅修浙江通志序: 李衛 (1736), [跋]: 蔣攸銛 (1811), [跋]: 高杞 (1812), [跋]: 廣玉 (1812) , Biblioteka Jagiellońska, Kraków
    Additional Edition: Druckausg. ji ceng jun chi xiu zhe jiang tong zhi [China], 1812
    Language: Chinese
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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    Stabi Berlin
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