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  • HeBIS  (6)
Type of Material
Type of Publication
Consortium
  • HeBIS  (6)
Language
  • 1
    UID:
    (DE-603)092813798
    Format: XIII, 503 S. , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: NATO ASI series. Series 2, Environment 64
    Language: English
    Keywords: Kongress
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  • 2
    UID:
    (DE-603)216434955
    Format: XIX, 401 S. , graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 9789048126347 , 9789048126354
    Language: English
    URL: Cover
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA | The Hague : OAPEN FOUNDATION
    UID:
    (DE-603)489852262
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (128 p.)
    ISBN: 9782889457151 , 9782889457151
    Content: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact...
    Language: English
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA | The Hague : OAPEN FOUNDATION
    UID:
    (DE-603)489861792
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (317 p.)
    ISBN: 9782889630653 , 9782889630653
    Content: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact...
    Language: English
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  • 5
    UID:
    (DE-603)48985544X
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (317 p.)
    ISBN: 9782889636372 , 9782889636372
    Content: Half a century ago, soil microbiologists reached the conclusion that a full understanding of the growth and activity of microorganisms in soils and sediments would require quantitative observations at spatial scales as near as possible to the size of the organisms themselves. Back then, this type of observation was not feasible at all, unfortunately. The development of electron microscopes in the 60s and 70s provided qualitative insight into microscopic parameters that controlled the activity of bacteria, archaea, and fungi in pore spaces, but produced no quantitative information. It is only with the technological advances in X-ray computed micro-tomography (µCT), first at synchrotron facilities in the 90s, then with commercial table-top scanners in the early 2000s, that quantitative, micrometric data on the geometry of the pore space has become available. In the last decade, different methods have also been developed to measure the spatial distribution of microorganisms at fine resolution in thin sections, as well as to map the composition of organic soil constituents or the nature of nitrogenous compounds at micrometric or even nanometric scales. Finally, a number of computational approaches have been adopted successfully to model mathematically the various physico-chemical processes occurring within pores, which affect the growth and activity of microorganisms. After these novel techniques became available, an initial stage in the research has consisted of identifying and resolving the problems associated with their use to elucidate microbial processes in heterogeneous soils and sediments. Significant progress has been achieved in this respect, for example in the development of objective (operator-independent), local segmentation techniques adapted for X-ray µCT images, in terms of improvements of hybridisation (FISH) technologies to locate bacterial and archaeal cells in soil thin sections, or in the in elaboration of statistical tools to interpolate 2-D measurements to produce 3-D data. All of this progress enables us to now enter with confidence into a second stage of the research, where different techniques will be combined to apprehend more completely the characteristics of microhabitats in terrestrial systems. A number of research groups around the world are trying to quantify the physical and (bio)chemical features of these microhabitats, as well as to describe as thoroughly as possible the composition and biodiversity of microbial populations they contain. Within the next few years, increasing focus will be placed on this integration of techniques, and progress in this respect will likely be fueled very significantly by the development of an array of new techniques, e.g., single-cell metabolomics or X-rays produced by plasma wave accelerators, which offer great promise for the research on soils and sediments.
    Language: English
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA | The Hague : OAPEN FOUNDATION
    UID:
    (DE-603)489861156
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    ISBN: 9782889635481 , 9782889635481
    Content: Soil fauna plays a significant role at all trophic levels of the soil food web and regulates processes that are crucial for soil functioning, such as nutrient cycling, immobilization and/or degradation of toxic compounds, formation of soil structure, greenhouse gas emissions and C turnover. Although soil fauna is not thought to contribute significantly to soil respiration during litter or soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition, the diversity of soil fauna has been found to strongly influence SOM distribution and dynamics. Yet, the functional contribution of soil fauna to many soil processes is not well understood due to methodological limitations and the high complexity of interactions at various spatiotemporal scales. In general, soil fauna has received far less scientific attention than bacteria and fungi (and lately archaea) in soil studies and has been regularly ignored in global biogeochemical models, with maybe exceptions for some earthworms. However, recent studies are raising the awareness of the influence of soil fauna on ecosystems dynamics. For instance, earthworms have been found to be major players in N2O emissions from soils. They exert a strong influence on C stabilization, and they promote the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Less studied, ants and termites have been found to increase crop productivity in drylands, and different lifeforms of Collembola have been shown to impact microorganisms in various ways over time, thereby potentially affecting C and N cycles within farming systems. The influence of soil fauna indeed manifests over a broad ranges of spatiotemporal scales. For example, some effect such as aggregate formation may cumulate over time and finally contribute to the formation of whole soil profiles, which serve as a framework for other soil processes such as water movement, decomposition, etc. Meanwhile, soil biodiversity is impacted by an increasing human pressure through deforestation, agriculture intensification, habitat fragmentation or climate change (increasing temperatures, extreme weather events), which leads to soil biodiversity loss, in particular of soil fauna, with associated consequences on soil functioning and resilience.
    Language: English
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