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  • 1
    Book
    Book
    Berlin ; Heidelberg : Springer-Verlag
    UID:
    kobvindex_ZLB15618345
    Format: VIII, 365 Seiten , graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 9783642332524 , 3642332528
    Language: English
    Keywords: Antitoxin ; Toxin ; Persistenz ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Springer
    UID:
    gbv_1651881685
    Format: Online-Ressource (VIII, 365 p. 77 illus., 69 illus. in color, digital)
    ISBN: 9783642332531
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Content: Prokaryotic Toxins - Antitoxins presents the first comprehensive overview of an exciting and rapidly expanding research field. Toxin - antitoxin (TA) genes were first identified on plasmids almost 30 years ago. Since then it has become evident that TA genes are highly abundant on both plasmids and chromosomes belonging to the bacterial and archaeal domains. TA genes come in three variants, depending on how the antitoxin works. In the most common TA genes, called type II TA loci, the antitoxins are proteins that combine with and neutralize the toxins. Even though the toxins come from at least 10 evolutionary independent gene families they inhibit translation and induce dormancy and persistence. The toxins inhibit translation using different molecular mechanisms. For example, the most common toxin family, called VapC (Virulence-associated protein), inhibits translation by cleaving initiator tRNA. Another common toxin family, called RelE, inhibits translation by cleaving messenger RNA positioned at the ribosome. Recent database mining revealed more than 10,000 such TA loci in »700 prokaryotic organisms. Remarkably, in some species, TA genes have undergone dramatic expansions. For example, the highly persistent major human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis has almost 100 TA loci belonging to different gene families, whereas its close relative M. leprae has none. All sequenced archaeal genomes to date have at least two TA loci and the thermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus tokodaii has »40 TA loci. The considerable expansion of the TA genes is a biological mystery but may be related to the biological function(s) of TA genes, a topic that is still hotly debated. The genetic analysis of TA genes is hampered by the multitude of seemingly similar genes within one particular genome. However, recent analysis with the model organism E. coli revealed a breakthrough indicating that TA genes contribute cumulatively to bacterial persistence. All known free-living bacteria that form persisters, cells that survive antibiotics and other environmental threats, contain TA genes. Together, these groundbreaking observations have raised the exciting possibility that TA genes are involved in the persistence of many bacteria, including major human pathogens such as M. tuberculosis. The expanding TA field has an exciting future ahead of it.
    Note: Description based upon print version of record , Prokaryotic Toxin-Antitoxins; Preface; Contents; 1 Introduction; Abstract; 1.1…The Mystifying Numbers of Prokaryotic Toxin-Antitoxin Loci; 1.2…The Three Major Classes of TA Loci; 1.3…Definition of TA Pairs; 1.3.1 Canonical TA Pairs; 1.4…Model Organisms to Study TA Loci; 1.5…Biological Roles of TA Loci; Acknowledgments; References; 2 Type I Toxin-Antitoxin Loci: hok/sok and fst; Abstract; 2.1…Introduction; 2.2…The hok/sok Paradigm; 2.3…parpAD1 and Its Relatives; 2.3.1 The Genetic Organization of parpAD1 and the Interaction of Its RNAs , 2.3.2 Critical Roles of RNA IpAD1 Intramolecular Structures in parpAD1 Regulation2.3.3 Interaction of parpAD1 RNAs Facilitates the Accumulation of a Stable Complex; 2.3.4 The FstpAD1 Toxin is a Small, Probably Membrane Localized, Peptide; 2.3.5 Overexpression of FstpAD1 Affects Nucleoid Structure, Segregation, and Cell Division; 2.3.6 FstpAD1 is Active at the Membrane but Its Specific Target is Unknown; 2.3.7 parpAD1 Homologs are Widespread in Gram-Positive Organisms; 2.4…The ldr/rdl Locus of E. coli K-12: An Fst-Like Peptide Regulated in a hok/sok-Like Manner; 2.5…Conclusion; References , 3 Novel Type I Toxin-Antitoxins LociAbstract; 3.1…Introduction; 3.2…Features of Novel Type I Loci; 3.3…Classification of Novel Loci Based on Gene Arrangement; 3.4…Conventional Loci; 3.4.1 Ldr-Rdl Family: The First Family to be Described; 3.4.2 TxpA-RatA: Gram Positives Get into the Act; 3.4.3 Ibs-Sib: The Smallest Toxins; 3.4.4 BsrG-Sr4: Limited to Sp beta Prophage; 3.4.5 The YhzE Family: A Nontoxic Toxin?; 3.4.6 YonT: Sp beta Prophage Déjà Vu; 3.5…The Unconventional Loci; 3.5.1 TisB-IstR-1: SOS-Induced Toxin; 3.5.2 ShoB-OhsC: Another Case of Tight Translation Control , 4.2.6 The CcdA Antitoxin4.2.7 CcdA is Degraded by the ATP-Dependent Lon Protease; 4.2.8 CcdAF Rejuvenates the CcdBF*DNA-gyrase Complex; 4.2.9 Antitoxins Associated with ParE Toxins; 4.3…Autoregulation of the ccdAB and parDE operons; 4.3.1 Autoregulation of the ccd Operon; 4.3.2 Autoregulation of the parE-Encoding Operons; 4.4…Biological Functions of the ccd and parE-Containing Systems; 4.4.1 Plasmid-Encoded ccdF and parDERK2 Systems: The Post-Segregational Killing Phenomenon; 4.4.2 Chromosomally Encoded ccd and parDE Loci; 4.4.2.1 The Anti-Addiction Model , 4.4.2.2 The Genome Stabilization Model , Introduction -- Type I Toxin - Antitoxin Systems: Hok/Sok and Fst -- Novel Type I Toxin - Antitoxin Systems -- Type II TA Loci: The Ccdab and Parde Families -- Type II TA Loci: The Relbe Family -- Type II TA Loci: The Unusual Mqsra Locus -- Type II TA Loci: The Mazef Family -- Type II TA Loci: Vapbc and Other TA Loci In Mycobacteria -- Type II TA Loci: Phd Doc Family -- Type II TA Loci: The Fic Family -- Type II TA Loci, Hipab And Persisters -- Type II TA Loci: Zeta/Pezt Family -- Type II Loci: Phylogeny -- Type III TA Loci -- TA Loci Encoded By Plasmids -- TA Loci in Archaea -- TA Loci in Mycobacterium Tuberculosis -- TA Loci in Streptococcus Pneumoniae -- Biotechnological and Medical Exploitations Of TA Genes and Their Components..
    Additional Edition: ISBN 9783642332524
    Additional Edition: Buchausg. u.d.T. Prokaryotic toxin-antitoxins Berlin : Springer, 2013 ISBN 9783642332524
    Additional Edition: ISBN 3642332528
    Language: English
    Subjects: Biology
    RVK:
    Keywords: Prokaryoten ; Toxin ; Antitoxin ; Gen ; Aufsatzsammlung
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Cover
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