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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    DataSheet_1.docx
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Immunology Vol. 11 ( 2021-2-12)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Immunology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 11 ( 2021-2-12)
    Abstract: More than 30% of the world population suffers from allergy. Allergic individuals are characterized by the production of immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies against innocuous environmental allergens. Upon allergen recognition IgE mediates allergen-specific immediate and late-phase allergic inflammation in different organs. The identification of the disease-causing allergens by demonstrating the presence of allergen-specific IgE is the key to precision medicine in allergy because it allows tailoring different forms of prevention and treatment according to the sensitization profiles of individual allergic patients. More than 30 years ago molecular cloning started to accelerate the identification of the disease-causing allergen molecules and enabled their production as recombinant molecules. Based on recombinant allergen molecules, molecular allergy diagnosis was introduced into clinical practice and allowed dissecting the molecular sensitization profiles of allergic patients. In 2002 it was demonstrated that microarray technology allows assembling large numbers of allergen molecules on chips for the rapid serological testing of IgE sensitizations with small volumes of serum. Since then microarrayed allergens have revolutionized research and diagnosis in allergy, but several unmet needs remain. Here we show that detection of IgE- and IgG-reactivity to a panel of respiratory allergens microarrayed onto silicon elements is more sensitive than glass-based chips. We discuss the advantages of silicon-based allergen microarrays and how this technology will allow addressing hitherto unmet needs in microarray-based allergy diagnosis. Importantly, it described how the assembly of silicon microarray elements may create different microarray formats for suiting different diagnostic applications such as quick testing of single patients, medium scale testing and fully automated large scale testing.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-3224
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.594978
    DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.594978.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606827-8
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  • 2
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    Are the Terms Major and Minor Allergens Useful for Precision Allergology?
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Immunology Vol. 12 ( 2021-3-8)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Immunology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 12 ( 2021-3-8)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-3224
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.651500
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606827-8
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  • 3
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    Image_2.eps
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Immunology Vol. 12 ( 2021-6-15)
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    In: Frontiers in Immunology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 12 ( 2021-6-15)
    Abstract: Several studies indicate that Der p 7 is an important and clinically relevant allergen of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus which should be included in vaccines for treatment of house dust mite (HDM) allergy. Aim of this study was to characterize the IgE epitopes of Der p 7. Methods Recombinant Der p 7 was expressed and purified, analyzed for fold by circular dichroism and tested for its allergenic activity by basophil activation. Seven overlapping, surface-exposed peptides (P1–P7) with a length of 27 to 37 amino acids, which spanned the Der p 7 sequence, were synthesized and tested for IgE reactivity and allergenic activity by basophil activation assay. Carrier-bound peptides were studied for their ability to induce allergen-specific IgG antibodies in rabbits. Peptide-specific antibodies were used to inhibit allergic patients` IgE binding to Der p 7 by ELISA for mapping of IgE epitopes. Results rDer p 7 showed high allergenic activity comparable with Der p 5, Der p 21, and Der p 23. None of the seven tested peptides showed any IgE reactivity or allergenic activity when tested with HDM- allergic patients indicating lack of sequential IgE epitopes on Der p 7. IgE inhibition experiments using anti-peptide specific IgGs and molecular modeling enabled us to identify discontinuous, conformational IgE epitopes of Der p 7. Conclusion and Clinical Relevance IgE epitopes of Der p 7 belong to the conformational and discontinuous type whereas sequential Der p 7 peptides lack IgE reactivity. It should thus be possible to construct hypoallergenic vaccines for Der p 7 based on carrier-bound allergen peptides.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-3224
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.687294
    DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.687294.s001
    DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.687294.s002
    DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.687294.s003
    DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.687294.s004
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606827-8
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  • 4
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    From Allergen Molecules to Molecular Immunotherapy of Nut Allergy: A Hard Nut to Crack
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Immunology Vol. 12 ( 2021-9-23)
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    In: Frontiers in Immunology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 12 ( 2021-9-23)
    Abstract: Peanuts and tree nuts are two of the most common elicitors of immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated food allergy. Nut allergy is frequently associated with systemic reactions and can lead to potentially life-threatening respiratory and circulatory symptoms. Furthermore, nut allergy usually persists throughout life. Whether sensitized patients exhibit severe and life-threatening reactions (e.g., anaphylaxis), mild and/or local reactions (e.g., pollen-food allergy syndrome) or no relevant symptoms depends much on IgE recognition of digestion-resistant class I food allergens, IgE cross-reactivity of class II food allergens with respiratory allergens and clinically not relevant plant-derived carbohydrate epitopes, respectively. Accordingly, molecular allergy diagnosis based on the measurement of allergen-specific IgE levels to allergen molecules provides important information in addition to provocation testing in the diagnosis of food allergy. Molecular allergy diagnosis helps identifying the genuinely sensitizing nuts, it determines IgE sensitization to class I and II food allergen molecules and hence provides a basis for personalized forms of treatment such as precise prescription of diet and allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT). Currently available forms of nut-specific AIT are based only on allergen extracts, have been mainly developed for peanut but not for other nuts and, unlike AIT for respiratory allergies which utilize often subcutaneous administration, are given preferentially by the oral route. Here we review prevalence of allergy to peanut and tree nuts in different populations of the world, summarize knowledge regarding the involved nut allergen molecules and current AIT approaches for nut allergy. We argue that nut-specific AIT may benefit from molecular subcutaneous AIT (SCIT) approaches but identify also possible hurdles for such an approach and explain why molecular SCIT may be a hard nut to crack.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-3224
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.742732
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606827-8
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  • 5
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    Cumulative IgE-levels specific for respiratory allergens as biomarker to predict efficacy of anti-IgE-based treatment of severe asthma
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Immunology Vol. 13 ( 2022-9-21)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Immunology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 13 ( 2022-9-21)
    Abstract: Molecular therapies, including anti-IgE, biologicals and small molecules are increasingly used for treatment of asthma. The effectiveness of these therapies may be increased with biomarkers. Aim of this study was to assess the value of measuring cumulative IgE levels specific for respiratory allergens to increase the efficacy of anti-IgE therapy for severe bronchial asthma. One hundred and thirty seven patients with severe asthma were recruited from 2016 to 2022. Standard empirical allergy diagnosis (i.e., anamnesis, skin testing, allergen-specific IgE measurement), blood eosinophil counting, measurement of total IgE and of cumulative IgE-specific for respiratory allergens by Phadiatop™ were performed. Thirty four patients with severe allergic asthma, for whom all three diagnostic methods were performed, were then used to analyze the efficacy of anti-IgE treatment in patients stratified in two groups according to cumulative IgE levels specific for respiratory allergens determined by Phadiatop™. Group #1 patients (n = 8) had cumulative specific IgE values ≥ 0.35 and & lt; 1.53 PAU/l while in group #2 patients (n = 26) they were ≥ 1.53 PAU/l. Treatment with Omalizumab was performed for at least 12 months. The level of asthma control (ACT questionnaire), the number of asthma exacerbations, the quality of life (AQLQ questionnaire), the need for systemic corticosteroids, and the respiratory function (FEV1) was determined by “before-after” analysis for each group, followed by a comparison of the dynamics between groups. In group 2 patients with an initial allergen-specific IgE level ≥ 1.53 kUA/L, the efficacy of Omalizumab treatment was better regarding asthma control, number of exacerbations, and quality of life than in group 1 patients. Our study provides evidence that measuring cumulative levels of IgE specific for respiratory allergens could be a useful screening method for detecting an allergic phenotype of severe asthma and may serve as biomarker to enhance the success of IgE-targeted therapy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-3224
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.941492
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606827-8
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  • 6
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    Frequent IgE recognition of Blomia tropicalis allergen molecules in asthmatic children and young adults in equatorial Africa
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2023
    In:  Frontiers in Immunology Vol. 14 ( 2023-6-2)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Immunology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 14 ( 2023-6-2)
    Abstract: Asthma is not well investigated in equatorial Africa and little is known about the disease-associated allergen molecules recognized by IgE from patients in this area. The aim was to study the molecular IgE sensitization profile of asthmatic children and young adults in a semi-rural area (Lambaréné) of an equatorial African country (Gabon), to identify the most important allergen molecules associated with allergic asthma in equatorial Africa. Methods Fifty-nine asthmatic patients, mainly children and few young adults, were studied by skin prick testing to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p), D. farinae (Der f), cat, dog, cockroach, grass, Alternaria and peanut. Sera were obtained from a subset of 35 patients, 32 with positive and 3 with negative skin reaction to Der p and tested for IgE reactivity to 176 allergen molecules from different allergen sources by ImmunoCAP ISAC microarray technology and to seven recombinant Blomia tropicalis (Blo t) allergens by IgE dot blot assay. Results Thirty-three of the 59 patients (56%) were sensitized to Der p and 23 of them (39%) were also sensitized to other allergen sources, whereas 9 patients (15%) were only sensitized to allergen sources other than Der p. IgE serology analyses (n=35) showed high IgE-binding frequencies to the Blo t allergens Blo t 5 (43%), Blo t 21 (43%) and Blo t 2 (40%), whereas the Der p allergens rDer p 2, rDer p 21 and rDer p 5 (34%, 29% and 26%) were less frequently recognized. Only few patients showed IgE reactivity to allergens from other allergen sources, except to allergens containing carbohydrate determinants (CCDs) or to wasp venom allergens (i.e., antigen 5). Conclusion Our results thus demonstrate that IgE sensitization to mite allergens is very prevalent in asthmatics in Equatorial Africa with B. tropicalis allergen molecules representing the most important ones associated with allergic asthma.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-3224
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1133935
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    DataSheet_1.zip
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2023
    In:  Frontiers in Immunology Vol. 14 ( 2023-9-5)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Immunology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 14 ( 2023-9-5)
    Abstract: Antibody mediated rejection (ABMR) is a major factor limiting outcome after organ transplantation. Anti-HLA donor-specific antibodies (DSA) of the IgG isotype are mainly responsible for ABMR. Recently DSA of the IgE isotype were demonstrated in murine models as well as in a small cohort of sensitized transplant recipients. In the present study, we aimed to determine the frequency of pre-existing and de novo anti-HLA IgE antibodies in a cohort of 105 solid organ transplant recipients. Methods We prospectively measured anti-HLA IgE antibodies in a cohort of kidney (n=60), liver, heart and lung (n=15 each) transplant recipients before and within one-year after transplantation, employing a single-antigen bead assay for HLA class I and class II antigens. Functional activity of anti-HLA IgE antibodies was assessed by an in vitro mediator release assay. Antibodies of the IgG1-4 subclasses and Th1 and Th2 cytokines were measured in anti-HLA IgE positive patients. Results Pre-existing anti-HLA IgE antibodies were detected in 10% of renal recipients (including 3.3% IgE-DSA) and in 4.4% of non-renal solid organ transplant recipients (heart, liver and lung cohort). Anti-HLA IgE occurred only in patients that were positive for anti-HLA IgG, and most IgE positive patients had had a previous transplant. Only a small fraction of patients developed de novo anti-HLA IgE antibodies (1.7% of kidney recipients and 4.4% of non-renal recipients), whereas no de novo IgE-DSA was detected. IgG subclass antibodies showed a distinct pattern in patients who were positive for anti-HLA IgE. Moreover, patients with anti-HLA IgE showed elevated Th2 and also Th1 cytokine levels. Serum from IgE positive recipients led to degranulation of basophils in vitro , demonstrating functionality of anti-HLA IgE. Discussion These data demonstrate that anti-HLA IgE antibodies occur at low frequency in kidney, liver, heart and lung transplant recipients. Anti-HLA IgE development is associated with sensitization at the IgG level, in particular through previous transplants and distinct IgG subclasses. Taken together, HLA specific IgE sensitization is a new phenomenon in solid organ transplant recipients whose potential relevance for allograft injury requires further investigation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-3224
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1179036
    DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1179036.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606827-8
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Table1.xlsx
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2023
    In:  Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology Vol. 11 ( 2023-8-22)
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    In: Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 11 ( 2023-8-22)
    Abstract: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by type 2 cytokine-driven skin inflammation and epithelial barrier dysfunction. The latter is believed to allow the increased penetration of chemicals, toxins, and allergens into the skin. House dust mite allergens, particularly Der p 2, are important triggers in sensitized individuals with AD; the precise actions of these allergens in epithelial biology remain, however, incompletely understood. In this study, we compared the effects of the protein allergen Der p 2 and a mix of non-IgE-reactive Der p 2 peptides on skin cells using patch tests in AD patients and healthy participants. We then analyzed mRNA expression profiles of keratinocytes by single-cell RNA-sequencing. We report that existing barrier deficiencies in the non-lesional skin of AD patients allow deep penetration of Der p 2 and its peptides, leading to local microinflammation. Der p 2 protein specifically upregulated genes involved in the innate immune system, stress, and danger signals in suprabasal KC. Der p 2 peptides further downregulated skin barrier genes, in particular the expression of genes involved in cell–matrix and cell–cell adhesion. Peptides also induced genes involved in hyperproliferation and caused disturbances in keratinocyte differentiation. Furthermore, inflammasome-relevant genes and IL18 were overexpressed, while KRT1 was downregulated. Our data suggest that Der p 2 peptides contribute to AD initiation and exacerbation by augmenting hallmark features of AD, such as skin inflammation, barrier disruption, and hyperplasia of keratinocytes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-634X
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1240289
    DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1240289.s001
    DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1240289.s002
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2737824-X
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Review: The Nose as a Route for Therapy. Part 2 Immunotherapy
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Allergy Vol. 2 ( 2021-7-1)
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    In: Frontiers in Allergy, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 2 ( 2021-7-1)
    Abstract: The nose provides a route of access to the body for inhalants and fluids. Unsurprisingly it has a strong immune defense system, with involvement of innate (e.g., epithelial barrier, muco- ciliary clearance, nasal secretions with interferons, lysozyme, nitric oxide) and acquired (e.g., secreted immunoglobulins, lymphocytes) arms. The lattice network of dendritic cells surrounding the nostrils allows rapid uptake and sampling of molecules able to negotiate the epithelial barrier. Despite this many respiratory infections, including SARS-CoV2, are initiated through nasal mucosal contact, and the nasal mucosa is a significant “reservoir” for microbes including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis and SARS -CoV-2 . This review includes consideration of the augmentation of immune defense by the nasal application of interferons, then the reduction of unnecessary inflammation and infection by alteration of the nasal microbiome. The nasal mucosa and associated lymphoid tissue (nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue, NALT) provides an important site for vaccine delivery, with cold-adapted live influenza strains (LAIV), which replicate intranasally, resulting in an immune response without significant clinical symptoms, being the most successful thus far. Finally, the clever intranasal application of antibodies bispecific for allergens and Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM-1) as a topical treatment for allergic and RV-induced rhinitis is explained.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2673-6101
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2021.668781
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3063831-8
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    THE EFFECTS OF CREATINE SUPPLEMENTATION ON SINGLE AND INTERMITTENT ANAEROBIC EXERCISES AND BODY COMPOSITION DURING REDUCED TRAINING IN SOCCER PLAYERS
    The College of Physical Education and Sport Palestra Ltd ; 2022
    In:  Acta Salus Vitae Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2022-07-22), p. 58-71
    Details
    In: Acta Salus Vitae, The College of Physical Education and Sport Palestra Ltd, Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2022-07-22), p. 58-71
    Abstract: Abstract: BACKGROUNDː Several studies have examined the effects of creatine supplementation in adult athletes in season or pre-season preparation. However, few studies have examined the effects of creatine supplementation in adolescent soccer players during reduced training in an off-season. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to examine the effects of short-term creatine monohydrate supplementation on the anaerobic performance and body composition in adolescent soccer players during reduced training in an off-season. METHODSː Using a double-blind experiment design, 16 soccer players (aged 18.0 ± 0.8 yr) were randomly assigned to 5 days of either 20 g . day-1  creatine monohydrate (Cr) or placebo supplementation. One day before and a day after the supplementation, participants completed squat and countermovement jumps (SJ, CMJ), 10-m running sprint,  6-s single cycling sprint (CST), an intermittent anaerobic test on a bicycle ergometer (10 x 6s, IAnTBE) and measurement of body composition. RESULTSː Cr supplementation had no significant effect (p 〉 .05) on any performance test. However, effect size values indicated medium or small clinical significance in SJ (d = 0.59), CST (6-s power, d = 0.50; peak power, d = 0.48) and IAnTBE (best peak power, d = 0.44; post-exercise blood lactate concentration, d = - 0.59; fatigue index, d = - 0.28 ). Relative to the placebo, Cr supplementation resulted in a significant increase in body weight (BW) (p = .015). CONCLUSIONSː The results of the study suggest that short-term Cr supplementation administered to adolescent soccer players during their off-season significantly increase body weight and could have small/medium clinical significance effect on improve lower-body maximal anaerobic power output and power output recovery during maximal intermittent exercise. The study also confirms that Cr supplementation is safe and without side effects for adolescent athletes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1805-8787 , 1805-8787
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.58743/asv2022vol10no1
    DOI: 10.58743/asv2022vol10no1.279
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: The College of Physical Education and Sport Palestra Ltd
    Publication Date: 2022
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