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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Towards the forest virome: next-generation-sequencing drastically expands our understanding on virosphere in temperate forest ecosystems (2021)
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV047423675
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.18452/23519
    URN: urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-110-18452/24173-5
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    Author information: Büttner, Carmen
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    HU Berlin
  • 2
    E-Resource
    E-Resource
    Biology, detection, and management of plant pathogens in irrigation water (2017)
    St. Paul, Minnesota : APS Press, The American Phytopathological Society
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV047095250
    Format: 1 Online Ressource (xii, 436 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    ISBN: 9780890544914 , 0890544913
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Biology, detection, and management of plant pathogens in irrigation water ISBN 0890544263
    Language: English
    Author information: Büttner, Carmen
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Softening of Processed Plant Virus Infected Cucumis sativus Fruits (2021)
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    Details
    UID:
    edochu_18452_24196
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (15 Seiten)
    Content: Texture softening of pickled cucumbers does not meet consumers’ quality expectations and leads to economic losses. The factor(s) triggering this phenomenon is still unknown. We investigated the importance of plant viruses such as Cucumber green mottle mosaic tobamovirus (CGMMV) and Zucchini yellow mosaic potyvirus (ZYMV) in the context of softening of pickles. Cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus) were infected by mechanical inoculation, grown under greenhouse conditions and tested positive for the viral infection by ELISA. The severity of virus infection was reflected in yield and symptom expression. Histological and morphological alterations were observed. All fruits were pasteurized, separately stored in jars and subjected to texture measurements after four, six and 12 months. CGMMV-infections were asymptomatic or caused mild symptoms on leaves and fruit, and texture quality was comparable to control. At the same time, fruits of ZYMV-infected plants showed severe symptoms like deformations and discoloration, as well as a reduction in firmness and crunchiness after pasteurization. In addition, histological alterations were detected in such fruits, possibly causing textural changes. We conclude that plant viruses could have a considerable influence on the firmness and crunchiness of pickled cucumbers after pasteurization. It is possible that the severity of symptom expression has an influence on texture properties.
    Content: Peer Reviewed
    In: Basel : MDPI, 11,8
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.18452/23538
    DOI: 10.3390/agronomy11081451
    URN: urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-110-18452/24196-8
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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    HU Berlin
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Analysis of the Complete Genomes of Acholeplasma brassicae, A. palmae and A. laidlawii and Their Comparison to the Obligate Parasites from ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma' (2013)
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    Details
    UID:
    edochu_18452_21528
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (18 Seiten)
    ISSN: 1464-1801 , 1464-1801
    Content: Analysis of the completely determined genomes of the plant-derived Acholeplasma brassicae strain O502 and A. palmae strain J233 revealed that the circular chromosomes are 1,877,792 and 1,554,229 bp in size, have a G + C content of 36 and 29%, and encode 1,690 and 1,439 proteins, respectively. Comparative analysis of these sequences and previously published genomes of A. laidlawii strain PG-8, ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris' strains, ‘Ca. P. australiense' and ‘Ca. P. mali' show a limited shared basic genetic repertoire. The acholeplasma genomes are characterized by a low number of rearrangements, duplication and integration events. Exceptions are the unusual duplication of rRNA operons in A. brassicae and an independently introduced second gene for a single-stranded binding protein in both genera. In contrast to phytoplasmas, the acholeplasma genomes differ by encoding the cell division protein FtsZ, a wide variety of ABC transporters, the F₀F〈sub〉1〈/sub〉 ATP synthase, the Rnf-complex, SecG of the Sec-dependent secretion system, a richly equipped repertoire for carbohydrate metabolism, fatty acid, isoprenoid and partial amino acid metabolism. Conserved metabolic proteins encoded in phytoplasma genomes such as the malate dehydrogenase SfcA, several transporters and proteins involved in host-interaction, and virulence-associated effectors were not predicted for the acholeplasmas.
    Content: Peer Reviewed
    Note: This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.
    In: Basel, Switzerland : S. Karger AG, 24,1, Seiten 19-36, 1464-1801
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.18452/20790
    DOI: 10.1159/000354322
    URN: urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-110-18452/21528-2
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    HU Berlin
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cleaning of Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) from Contaminated Clothing of Greenhouse Employees (2022)
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    Details
    UID:
    edochu_18452_26170
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (18 Seiten)
    Content: The highly infectious Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) is a new viral threat to tomato production worldwide. In production, the very easy mechanical transmissibility combined with the high resistance in vitro is of great concern. We tested: (i) whether household cleaning products, commercial agricultural detergents, and an authorized plant protectant are suitable for cleaning contaminated clothing, and (ii) whether infectious viruses remain in the resulting cleaning water. The evaluation of the sanitation effect was performed using bioassays, by counting ToBRFV-associated necrotic local lesions on Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi NN. For this purpose, leaves were mechanically inoculated with treated fabrics and cleaning solutions which would normally be discharged to the sewer system. The detergents Fadex H+ (FH) and Menno Hortisept Clean Plus, as well as the disinfectant Menno Florades (MF), led to an almost complete removal of ToBRFV from contaminated fabrics, corresponding to a reduction in local lesions by 99.94–99.96%. In contrast, common household cleaning products (Spee ActivGel (SAG), Vanish Oxi Action Gel (VO) did not effectively remove the pathogen from the fabric, where the reduction was 45.1% and 89.7%, respectively. In particular, cleaning solutions after the use of household cleaners were highly contaminated with ToBRFV. After a 16-h treatment with the disinfectant MF, infectious ToBRFV was no longer present in VO, FH, and MF cleaning solutions, as demonstrated by extensive bioassays.
    Content: Peer Reviewed
    Note: This article was supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) and the Open Access Publication Fund of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.
    In: Basel : MDPI, 8,8
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.18452/25484
    DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8080751
    URN: urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-110-18452/26170-9
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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    HU Berlin
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Next-Generation Sequencing Reveals a Novel Emaravirus in Diseased Maple Trees From a German Urban Forest (2021)
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    Details
    UID:
    edochu_18452_24089
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (12 Seiten)
    Content: While the focus of plant virology has been mainly on horticultural and field crops as well as fruit trees, little information is available on viruses that infect forest trees. Utilization of next-generation sequencing (NGS) methodologies has revealed a significant number of viruses in forest trees and urban parks. In the present study, the full-length genome of a novel Emaravirus has been identified and characterized from sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus) – a tree species of significant importance in urban and forest areas – showing leaf mottle symptoms. RNA-Seq was performed on the Illumina HiSeq2500 system using RNA preparations from a symptomatic and a symptomless maple tree. The sequence assembly and analysis revealed the presence of six genomic RNA segments in the symptomatic sample (RNA1: 7,074 nt-long encoding the viral replicase; RNA2: 2,289 nt-long encoding the glycoprotein precursor; RNA3: 1,525 nt-long encoding the nucleocapsid protein; RNA4: 1,533 nt-long encoding the putative movement protein; RNA5: 1,825 nt-long encoding a hypothetical protein P5; RNA6: 1,179 nt-long encoding a hypothetical protein P6). Two independent NGS sequencing runs from the same symptomatic maple tree detected the same genome segments. For one of these sequencing runs the cDNA library was prepared using a primer targeting the conserved genome terminal region, known to be shared between emaraviruses genome segments. We suggest, therefore, that the six identified genome segments represent the complete genome of a novel emaravirus from maple, which we tentatively name maple mottle-associated virus (MaMaV). Phylogenetic and sequence homology analyses place this virus on the distinct “subgroup a” clade within the Emaravirus genus along with – among others – rose rosette virus, Actinidia emaravirus 2, and fig mosaic virus. Validation RT-PCR assays performed on symptomatic and non-symptomatic trees suggest that MaMaV may be the symptom-inducing virus in the diseased trees. To our knowledge, this is the first time an Emaravirus is described from maple and is fully genetically characterized. With the discovery of MaMaV, the genus Emaravirus comprising negative-sense single-stranded viruses with very divergent genomes – that were until recently overlooked – has substantially increased counting 22 established and putative members.
    Content: Peer Reviewed
    Note: This article was supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) and the Open Access Publication Fund of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.
    In: Lausanne : Frontiers Media, 11
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.621179
    DOI: 10.18452/23457
    URN: urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-110-18452/24089-3
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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    HU Berlin
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Electrolytic Disinfection of Irrigation Water for Intensive Crop Production in Greenhouses as Demonstrated on Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum Mill) (2022)
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    Details
    UID:
    edochu_18452_25632
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (16 Seiten)
    Content: Shortage of water availability and awareness of the need for sustainable resource management have generated a significant increase in the use of recycled water for irrigation and processing of crops and harvest products, respectively. As a result, irrigation systems face the challenge of neutralizing plant pathogens to reduce the risk of their dispersal and the subsequent occurrence of diseases with potentially high economic impacts. We evaluated the efficacy of an innovative electrolytic disinfection system based on potassium hypochlorite (KCLO) to inactivate major pathogens in hydroponically grown tomatoes: Fusarium oxysporum (Synder and Hans), Rizocthonia solani (Kühn), Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV). The electrolytically derived disinfectant was prepared on-site and added to the recirculating fertigation solution once a week for 60 min in an automated manner using sensor technology at a dosage of 0.5 mg of free chlorine/L (fertigation solution at pH 6.0 ± 0.3 and ORP 780 ± 31 mV). Tomato fruit yield and pathogen dispersal were determined for 16 weeks. At the applied dosage, the disinfectant has been shown to inhibit the spread of plant pathogenic fungi and, remarkably, plant viruses in recirculating fertigation solutions. Phytotoxic effects did not occur.
    Content: Peer Reviewed
    In: Basel : MDPI, 8,5
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8050414
    DOI: 10.18452/24951
    URN: urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-110-18452/25632-0
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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    HU Berlin
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Arable Weeds at the Edges of Kettle Holes as Overwintering Habitat for Phytopathogenic Fungi (2022)
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    Details
    UID:
    edochu_18452_25471
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (21 Seiten)
    Content: Weeds in agricultural landscapes can serve as alternate hosts for phytopathogenic fungi and promote the spatial and long-term distribution of these fungi. Especially, semi-natural habitats such as kettle holes are considered as a source of fungal pathogens because they are a permanent habitat for various weed species in arable lands. In our study, we investigated the suitability of nine different weed species and families at the edges of 18 kettle holes in two consecutive autumn/winter seasons as alternate hosts for Fusarium and Alternaria. We detected a fungal infestation with both genera on every weed species investigated with significantly higher abundances of these fungi in the second, notably wetter season. Eight weed species were described as non-host plants for Fusarium and Alternaria in agricultural landscapes in Brandenburg, Germany for the first time. In both autumn/winter periods, weeds harbored more Alternaria than Fusarium. The study revealed a high Fusarium species diversity in weeds and a community structure of up to 12 Fusarium species at the edges of kettle holes. Grasses showed the highest diversity and often the highest fungal abundances compared to herbaceous plants. Therefore, these habitats in arable lands can act as ecosystem disservice and promote the spread of fungal diseases in the surrounding crop fields.
    Content: Peer Reviewed
    In: Basel : MDPI, 12,4
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.3390/agronomy12040823
    DOI: 10.18452/24810
    URN: urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-110-18452/25471-6
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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    HU Berlin
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Complex World of Emaraviruses—Challenges, Insights, and Prospects (2022)
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    Details
    UID:
    edochu_18452_26523
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (39 Seiten)
    Content: Emaravirus (Order Bunyavirales; Family Fimoviridae) is a genus comprising over 20 emerging plant viruses with a worldwide distribution and economic impact. Emaraviruses infect a variety of host plants and have especially become prevalent in important long-living woody plants. These viruses are enveloped, with a segmented, single-stranded, negative-sense RNA genome and are transmitted by eriophyid mites or mechanical transmission. Emaraviruses have four core genome segments encoding an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, a glycoprotein precursor, a nucleocapsid protein, and a movement protein. They also have additional genome segments, whose number varies widely. We report here that the proteins encoded by these segments form three main homology groups: a homolog of the sadwavirus Glu2 Pro glutamic protease; a protein involved in pathogenicity, which we named “ABC”; and a protein of unknown function, which we named “P55”. The distribution of these proteins parallels the emaravirus phylogeny and suggests, with other analyses, that emaraviruses should be split into at least two genera. Reliable diagnosis systems are urgently needed to detect emaraviruses, assess their economic and ecological importance, and take appropriate measures to prevent their spread (such as routine testing, hygiene measures, and control of mite vectors). Additional research needs include understanding the function of emaravirus proteins, breeding resistant plants, and clarifying transmission modes.
    Content: Peer Reviewed
    In: Basel : MDPI, 13,11
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.3390/f13111868
    DOI: 10.18452/25848
    URN: urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-110-18452/26523-0
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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    HU Berlin
  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Applicability of Different Methods for Quantifying Virucidal Efficacy Using MENNO Florades and Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus as an Example (2023)
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    Details
    UID:
    edochu_18452_26932
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (18 Seiten)
    Content: After entry of a quarantine/regulated pathogen, infected plants shall be destroyed, and the cultivated area (e.g., greenhouse) shall be disinfected. Therefore, the selection of an effective disinfectant plays an important role. With the availability of different methods for virus quantification, we investigated the application of quantitative ELISA (qELISA), RT-qPCR (reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction), and bioassays for the quantification of disinfectant efficacy. Therefore, we estimated the titer reduction in tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV), a regulated pathogen, in plant sap and on germ carriers after treatment with MENNO Florades 4% for 16 h. The virus load before and after the treatment was measured with the mentioned methods. The RT-qPCR and qELISA methods showed very low efficacy in the presence of the disinfectant. Although bioassays are time-consuming, need purified particles for establishing the quantification models, and are less sensitive than RT-qPCR, they were able to quantify the differences in virus titer in the presence/absence of disinfectant. Interestingly, the bioassays reached at least the lower limit sensitivity of a qELISA. By being less sensitive to the presence of the disinfectant, bioassays proved to be the only technique for the determination of the disinfectant efficacy against ToBRFV on different germ carriers as well as on virus-infected plant sap.
    Content: Peer Reviewed
    Note: This article was supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) and the Open Access Publication Fund of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.
    In: Basel : MDPI, 12,4
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.18452/26258
    DOI: 10.3390/plants12040894
    URN: urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-110-18452/26932-7
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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    HU Berlin
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