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  • 1
    Book
    Book
    Impact of individual and combined abiotic and biotic stress on plant performance and bacterial root microbiota of tomato (2020)
    Potsdam
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_1727826450
    Format: XV, 134 Seiten , Diagramme, Illustrationen
    Content: Recently crops encounter an increased number of individual and combined abiotic and biotic stress, which severely affect their growth and yield. Plants are associated with a large number of microorganisms including beneficial as well as pathogenic microorganisms. The interaction of plants with beneficial microorganisms can exert a substantial impact on plant growth and health and their potential can be utilized in sustainable plant production systems. Currently, climate change will increase the impact of stress on crops which will more likely be exposed to combined abiotic and biotic stress. At present, knowledge on how abiotic and biotic stress and the combination of both stresses affect the plant performance and the microbiome is limited. Soil-borne pathogens are responsible for relevant economic losses and are difficult to control. The root bacterial endophytes have shown potential in alleviating stress on plants and improving crop yield and quality. This raises the question how individual abiotic stress like salinity (ionic) and drought (osmotic) and the combination with biotic stress (Verticillium dahliae or Fusarium oxysporum) affects the root microbiota and thus the performance of the plant. Therefore, the goal of this thesis was to improve the understanding of the impact of individual and combined biotic and abiotic stress especially the endophytic root microbiota and thus plant performance. The work is focused on the economically important horticultural crop tomato. [...]
    Note: Dissertation Universität Potsdam 2020
    Language: English
    Subjects: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science
    RVK:
    ZC 61250
    Keywords: Stressreaktion ; Tomate ; Endophyten ; Hochschulschrift
    URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis
    Author information: Franken, Philipp 1960-
    Author information: Gulati, Sneha 1989-
    Author information: Börnke, Frederik 1971-
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Brassinosteroids affect the symbiosis between the AM fungus Rhizoglomus irregularis and solanaceous host plants (2019)
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV045678572
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource
    Language: English
    URN: urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-110-18452/20938-9
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    Author information: Bitterlich, Michael 1981-
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    HU Berlin
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Brassinosteroids and sucrose transport in mycorrhizal tomato plants (2020)
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    Details
    UID:
    edochu_18452_22240
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (6 Seiten)
    Content: Silencing of SlSUT2 expression in tomato plants leads to a dwarfed phenotype, reduced pollen vitality and reduces pollen germination rate. Male sterility of flowers, together with a dwarfed growth behavior is reminiscent to brassinosteroid defective mutant plants. Therefore we aimed to rescue the SlSUT2 silencing phenotype by local brassinosteroid application. The phenotypical effects of SlSUT2 down-regulation could partially be rescued by epi-brassinolide treatment suggesting that SlSUT2 interconnects sucrose partitioning with brassinosteroid signaling. We previously showed that SlSUT2 silenced plants show increased mycorrhization and, this effect was explained by a putative sucrose retrieval function of SlSUT2 at the periarbuscular membrane. More recently, we reported that the symbiotic interaction between Solanaceous hosts and AM fungi is directly affected by watering the roots with epi-brassinolide. Here we show that the SlSUT2 effects on mycorrhiza are not only based on the putative sucrose retrieval function of SlSUT2 at the periarbuscular membrane. Our analyses argue that brassinosteroids as well as SlSUT2 per se can impact the arbuscular morphology/architecture and thereby affect the efficiency of nutrient exchange between both symbionts and the mycorrhizal growth benefit for the plant.
    Content: Peer Reviewed
    Note: This article was supported by the Open Access Publication Fund of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.
    In: Austin, Tex. : Landes Bioscience, 15,2
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.18452/21515
    DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1714292
    URN: urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-110-18452/22240-5
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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    HU Berlin
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Extracellular Glycolytic Activities in Root Endophytic Serendipitaceae and Their Regulation by Plant Sugars (2022)
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    Details
    UID:
    edochu_18452_25003
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (17 Seiten)
    Content: Endophytic fungi that colonize the plant root live in an environment with relative high concentrations of different sugars. Analyses of genome sequences indicate that such endophytes can secrete carbohydrate-related enzymes to compete for these sugars with the surrounding plant cells. We hypothesized that typical plant sugars can be used as carbon source by root endophytes and that these sugars also serve as signals to induce the expression and secretion of glycolytic enzymes. The plant-growth-promoting endophytes Serendipita indica and Serendipita herbamans were selected to first determine which sugars promote their growth and biomass formation. Secondly, particular sugars were added to liquid cultures of the fungi to induce intracellular and extracellular enzymatic activities which were measured in mycelia and culture supernatants. The results showed that both fungi cannot feed on melibiose and lactose, but instead use glucose, fructose, sucrose, mannose, arabinose, galactose and xylose as carbohydrate sources. These sugars regulated the cytoplasmic activity of glycolytic enzymes and also their secretion. The levels of induction or repression depended on the type of sugars added to the cultures and differed between the two fungi. Since no conventional signal peptide could be detected in most of the genome sequences encoding the glycolytic enzymes, a non-conventional protein secretory pathway is assumed. The results of the study suggest that root endophytic fungi translocate glycolytic activities into the root, and this process is regulated by the availability of particular plant sugars.
    Content: Peer Reviewed
    In: Basel : MDPI, 10,2
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020320
    DOI: 10.18452/24351
    URN: urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-110-18452/25003-5
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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    HU Berlin
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Salt Stress Tolerance of Dark Septate Endophytes Is Independent of Melanin Accumulation (2020)
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    Details
    UID:
    edochu_18452_25643
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (14 Seiten)
    Content: Dark septate endophytes (DSEs) represent a diverse group of root-endophytic fungi that have been isolated from plant roots in many different natural and anthropogenic ecosystems. Melanin is widespread in eukaryotic organisms and possesses various functions such as protecting human skin from UV radiation, affecting the virulence of pathogens, and playing a role in development and physiology of insects. Melanin is a distinctive feature of the cell walls of DSEs and has been thought to protect these fungi from abiotic stress. Melanin in DSEs is assumed to be synthesized via the 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) pathway. Its function in alleviation of salt stress is not yet known. The aims of this study were: (i) investigating the growth responses of three DSEs (Periconia macrospinosa, Cadophora sp., and Leptodontidium sp.) to salt stress, (ii) analyzing melanin production under salt stress and, (iii) testing the role of melanin in salt stress tolerance of DSEs. The study shows that the three DSE species can tolerate high salt concentrations. Melanin content increased in the hyphae of all DSEs at 100 mM salt, but decreased at 500 mM. This was not reflected in the RNA accumulation of the gene encoding scytalone dehydratase which is involved in melanin biosynthesis. The application of tricyclazole, a DHN-melanin biosynthesis inhibitor, did not affect either salt stress tolerance or the accumulation of sodium in the hyphae. In addition, melanin biosynthesis mutants of Leptodontidium sp. did not show decreased growth performance compared to the wild-type, especially not at high salt concentrations. This indicates that DSEs can live under salt stress and withstand these conditions regardless of melanin accumulation.
    Content: Peer Reviewed
    In: Lausanne : Frontiers Media, 11
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.562931
    DOI: 10.18452/24961
    URN: urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-110-18452/25643-2
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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    HU Berlin
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Improves Substrate Hydraulic Conductivity in the Plant Available Moisture Range Under Root Growth Exclusion (2018)
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    Details
    UID:
    edochu_18452_21881
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (11 Seiten)
    Content: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) proliferate in soils and are known to affect soil structure. Although their contribution to structure is extensively investigated, the consequences of those processes for soil water extractability and transport has, so far, gained surprisingly little attention. Therefore we asked, whether AMF can affect water retention and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity under exclusion of root ingrowth, in order to minimize plant driven effects. We carried out experiments with tomato inoculated with Rhizoglomus irregulare in a soil substrate with sand and vermiculite that created variation in colonization by mixed pots with wild type (WT) plants and mycorrhiza resistant (RMC) mutants. Sampling cores were introduced and used to assess substrate moisture retention dynamics and modeling of substrate water retention and hydraulic conductivity. AMF reduced the saturated water content and total porosity, but maintained air filled porosity in soil spheres that excluded root ingrowth. The water content between field capacity and the permanent wilting point (6–1500 kPa) was only reduced in mycorrhizal substrates that contained at least one RMC mutant. Plant available water contents correlated positively with soil protein contents. Soil protein contents were highest in pots that possessed the strongest hyphal colonization, but not significantly affected. Substrate conductivity increased up to 50% in colonized substrates in the physiologically important water potential range between 6 and 10 kPa. The improvements in hydraulic conductivity are restricted to substrates where at least one WT plant was available for the fungus, indicating a necessity of a functional symbiosis for this effect. We conclude that functional mycorrhiza alleviates the resistance to water movement through the substrate in substrate areas outside of the root zone.
    Content: Peer Reviewed
    In: Lausanne : Frontiers Media S.A., 9
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00301
    DOI: 10.18452/21133
    URN: urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-110-18452/21881-2
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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    HU Berlin
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Acclimatization of Rhizophagus irregularis Enhances Zn Tolerance of the Fungus and the Mycorrhizal Plant Partner (2018)
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    Details
    UID:
    edochu_18452_21614
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (13 Seiten)
    Content: Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi confer heavy metal tolerance to plants, but this characteristic differs between different AM fungal strains. We tested the hypotheses if acclimatization of an AM fungus to Zn stress is possible and if this leads also to higher Zn tolerance of mycorrhizal plants. The AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis was acclimatized in root organ cultures (Daucus carota L.) to Zn resulting in an acclimatized (Acc+) strain. The non-acclimatized (Acc-) strain remained untreated. Fungal development and RNA accumulation of a set of stress-related genes were analyzed in root organ cultures and the capacity of conferring Zn tolerance to maize plants was investigated in pot cultures. Development of Acc+ strain was significantly higher than Acc- strain, when strains were grown in Zn-enriched root organ cultures, whereas the growth of the Acc+ strain was reduced on normal medium probably due to a higher Zn demand compared to the Acc- strain. RNA accumulation analyses revealed different expression patterns of genes encoding glutathione S-transferase (RiGST), superoxide dismutase (RiSOD) and glutaredoxin (RiGRX) between the two strains. Plants inoculated with the Acc+ strain showed higher biomass and lower Zn content than those inoculated with the Acc- strain. The results showed that R. irregularis can be acclimatized to increased amounts of Zn. This acclimatization leads not only to improved fungal development in Zn-stress conditions, but also to an increase of mycorrhiza-induced Zn tolerance of colonized plants.
    Content: Peer Reviewed
    In: Lausanne : Frontiers Media S.A., 9
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03156
    DOI: 10.18452/20886
    URN: urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-110-18452/21614-8
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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    HU Berlin
  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Arbuscular Mycorrhizas: A Promising Component of Plant Production Systems Provided Favorable Conditions for Their Growth (2018)
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    Details
    UID:
    edochu_18452_21882
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (6 Seiten)
    Content: Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi have become an attractive target as biostimulants in agriculture due to their known contributions to plant nutrient uptake and abiotic stress tolerance. However, inoculation with AM fungi can result in depressed, unchanged, or stimulated plant growth, which limits security of application in crop production systems. Crop production comprises high diversity and variability in atmospheric conditions, substrates, plant species, and more. In this review, we emphasize that we need integrative approaches for studying mycorrhizal symbioses in order to increase the predictability of growth outcomes and security of implementation of AM fungi into crop production. We briefly review known mechanisms of AM on nutrient uptake and drought tolerance of plants, on soil structure and soil hydraulic properties. We carve out that an important factor for both nutrient availability and drought tolerance is yet not well understood; the AM effects on soil hydraulic properties. We gave special emphasis to circular references between atmospheric conditions, soil hydraulic properties and plant nutrient and water uptake. We stress that interdisciplinary approaches are needed that account for a variability of atmospheric conditions and, how this would match to mycorrhizal functions and demands in a way that increased plant nutrient and water uptake can be effectively used for physiological processes and ultimately growth. Only with integrated analyses under a wide range of growing conditions, we will be able to make profound decisions whether or not to use AM in particular crop production systems or can adjust culture conditions in ways that AM plants thrive.
    Content: Peer Reviewed
    In: Lausanne : Frontiers Media S.A., 9
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01329
    DOI: 10.18452/21134
    URN: urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-110-18452/21882-8
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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    HU Berlin
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Unraveling the Initial Plant Hormone Signaling, Metabolic Mechanisms and Plant Defense Triggering the Endomycorrhizal Symbiosis Behavior (2018)
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    Details
    UID:
    edochu_18452_21883
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (28 Seiten)
    Content: Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi establish probably one of the oldest mutualistic relationships with the roots of most plants on earth. The wide distribution of these fungi in almost all soil ecotypes and the broad range of host plant species demonstrate their strong plasticity to cope with various environmental conditions. AM fungi elaborate fine-tuned molecular interactions with plants that determine their spread within root cortical tissues. Interactions with endomycorrhizal fungi can bring various benefits to plants, such as improved nutritional status, higher photosynthesis, protection against biotic and abiotic stresses based on regulation of many physiological processes which participate in promoting plant performances. In turn, host plants provide a specific habitat as physical support and a favorable metabolic frame, allowing uptake and assimilation of compounds required for the life cycle completion of these obligate biotrophic fungi. The search for formal and direct evidences of fungal energetic needs raised strong motivated projects since decades, but the impossibility to produce AM fungi under axenic conditions remains a deep enigma and still feeds numerous debates. Here, we review and discuss the initial favorable and non-favorable metabolic plant context that may fate the mycorrhizal behavior, with a focus on hormone interplays and their links with mitochondrial respiration, carbon partitioning and plant defense system, structured according to the action of phosphorus as a main limiting factor for mycorrhizal symbiosis. Then, we provide with models and discuss their significances to propose metabolic targets that could allow to develop innovations for the production and application of AM fungal inocula.
    Content: Peer Reviewed
    In: Lausanne : Frontiers Media S.A., 9
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01800
    DOI: 10.18452/21135
    URN: urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-110-18452/21883-4
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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    HU Berlin
  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Brassinosteroids Affect the Symbiosis Between the AM Fungus Rhizoglomus irregularis and Solanaceous Host Plants (2019)
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    Details
    UID:
    edochu_18452_20938
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (13 Seiten)
    ISSN: 1664-462X , 1664-462X
    Content: Together with several proteins involved in brassinosteroid (BR) signaling and synthesis, the membrane steroid binding protein 1 (MSBP1) was identified within the interactome of the sucrose transporter of tomato (SlSUT2). We asked whether MSBP1 is also involved in BR signaling as assumed for the AtMSBP1 protein from Arabidopsis and whether it impacts root colonization with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in a similar way as shown previously for SlSUT2. In addition, we asked whether brassinosteroids per se affect efficiency of root colonization by AM fungi. We carried out a set of experiments with transgenic tobacco plants with increased and decreased MSBP1 expression levels. We investigated the plant and the mycorrhizal phenotype of these transgenic plants and tested the involvement of MSBP1 in BR metabolism by application of epi-brassinolide and brassinazole, an inhibitor of BR biosynthesis. We show that the phenotype of the transgenic tobacco plants with increased or reduced MSBP1 expression is consistent with an inhibitory role of MSBP1 in BR signaling. MSBP1 overexpression could be mimicked by brassinazole treatment. Interestingly, manipulation of MSBP1 expression in transgenic tobacco plants not only affected plant growth and development, but also the host plant responses toward colonization with AM fungi, as well as arbuscular architecture. Moreover, we observed that brassinosteroids indeed have a direct impact on the nutrient exchange in AM symbiosis and on the biomass production of colonized host plants. Furthermore, arbuscular morphology is affected by changes in MSBP1 expression and brassinolide or brassinazole treatments. We conclude that host plant growth responses and nutrient exchange within the symbiosis with AM fungi is controlled by brassinosteroids and might be impeded by the MSBP1 protein.
    Content: Peer Reviewed
    Note: This article was supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) and the Open Access Publication Fund of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.
    In: Lausanne : Frontiers Media, 10, 1664-462X
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.18452/20189
    DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00571
    URN: urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-110-18452/20938-9
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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    HU Berlin
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