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  • 1
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    Base Neutralizing Capacity of Agricultural Soils in a Quaternary Landscape of North-East Germany and Its Relationship to Best Management Practices in Lime Requirement Determination
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Agronomy Vol. 10, No. 6 ( 2020-06-19), p. 877-
    Details
    In: Agronomy, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 6 ( 2020-06-19), p. 877-
    Abstract: Despite being a natural soil-forming process, soil acidification is a major agronomic challenge under humid climate conditions, as soil acidity influences several yield-relevant soil properties. It can be counterbalanced by the regular application of agricultural lime to maintain or re-establish soil fertility and to optimize plant growth and yield. To avoid underdose as well as overdose, lime rates need to be calculated carefully. The lime rate should be determined by the optimum soil pH (target pH) and the response of the soil to lime, which is described by the base neutralizing capacity (BNC). Several methods exist to determine the lime requirement (LR) to raise the soil pH to its optimum. They range from extremely time-consuming equilibration methods, which mimic the natural processes in the soil, to quick tests, which rely on some approximations and are designed to provide farmers with timely and cost-efficient data. Due to the higher analytical efforts, only limited information is available on the real BNC of particular soils. In the present paper, we report the BNC of 420 topsoil samples from Central Europe (north-east Germany), developed on sediments from the last ice age 10,000 years ago under Holocene conditions. These soils are predominantly sandy and low in humus, but they exhibit a huge spatial variability in soil properties on a small scale. The BNC was determined by adding various concentrations of Ca(OH)2 and fitting an exponential model to derive a titration curve for each sample. The coefficients of the BNC titration curve were well correlated with soil properties affecting soil acidity and pH buffer capacity, i.e., pH, soil texture and soil organic matter (SOM). From the BNC model, the LRs (LRBNC) were derived and compared with LRVDLUFA based on the standard protocol in Germany as established by the Association of German Agricultural Analytic and Research Institutes (VDLUFA). The LRBNC and LRVDLUFA correlated well but the LRVDLUFA were generally by approximately one order of magnitude higher. This is partly due to the VDLUFA concept to recommend a maintenance or conservation liming, even though the pH value is in the optimum range, to keep it there until the next lime application during the following rotation. Furthermore, the VDLUFA method was primarily developed from field experiments where natural soil acidification and management practices depressed the effect of lime treatment. The BNC method, on the other hand, is solely based on laboratory analysis with standardized soil samples. This indicates the demand for further research to develop a sound scientific algorithm that complements LRBNC with realistic values of annual Ca2+ removal and acidification by natural processes and N fertilization.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4395
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10060877
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2607043-1
    SSG: 23
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  • 2
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    Utility of visible and near-infrared spectroscopy to predict base neutralizing capacity and lime requirement of quaternary soils
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  Precision Agriculture Vol. 24, No. 1 ( 2023-02), p. 288-309
    Details
    In: Precision Agriculture, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 24, No. 1 ( 2023-02), p. 288-309
    Abstract: Detailed knowledge of a soil’s lime requirement (LR) is a prerequisite for a demand-based lime fertilization to achieve the optimum soil pH and thus sustainably increasing soil fertility and crop yields. LR can be directly determined by the base neutralizing capacity (BNC) obtained by soil-base titration. For a site-specific soil acidity management, detailed information on the within-field variation of BNC is required. However, soil-base titrations for BNC determination are too laborious to be extensively applied in routine soil testing. In contrast, visible and near-infrared spectroscopy (visNIRS) is a time and cost-effective alternative that can analyze several soil characteristics within a single spectrum. VisNIRS was tested in the laboratory on 170 air-dried and sieved soil samples of nine agricultural fields of a quaternary landscape in North-east Germany predicting the soil’s BNC and the corresponding lime requirement (LR BNC ) at a target pH of 6.5. Seven spectral pre-processing methods were tested including a new technique based on normalized differences (ND). Furthermore, six multivariate regression methods were conducted including a new method combining a forward stagewise subset selection algorithm with PLSR (FS-PLSR). The models were validated using an independent sample set. The best regression model for most target variables was FS-PLSR combined with the second Savitzky-Golay derivation as pre-processing method achieving R 2 s from 0.68 to 0.82. Finally, the performance of the direct prediction of LR BNC (R 2  = 0.68) was compared with an indirect prediction that was calculated by the predicted BNC parameters. This resulted in slightly higher correlation coefficients for the indirect method with R 2  = 0.75.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1385-2256 , 1573-1618
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s11119-022-09945-9
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016333-2
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  • 3
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    Activated Platelets Interfere with Recruitment of Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Apoptotic Cardiac Cells via High Mobility Group Box 1/Toll-like Receptor 4-mediated Down-regulation of Hepatocyte Growth Factor Receptor MET
    Elsevier BV ; 2014
    In:  Journal of Biological Chemistry Vol. 289, No. 16 ( 2014-04), p. 11068-11082
    Details
    In: Journal of Biological Chemistry, Elsevier BV, Vol. 289, No. 16 ( 2014-04), p. 11068-11082
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-9258
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M113.530287
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2141744-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1474604-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
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    Effect of training sample size, sampling design and prediction model on soil mapping with proximal sensing data for precision liming
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2024
    In:  Precision Agriculture Vol. 25, No. 3 ( 2024-06), p. 1529-1555
    Details
    In: Precision Agriculture, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 25, No. 3 ( 2024-06), p. 1529-1555
    Abstract: Site-specific estimation of lime requirement requires high-resolution maps of soil organic carbon (SOC), clay and pH. These maps can be generated with digital soil mapping models fitted on covariates observed by proximal soil sensors. However, the quality of the derived maps depends on the applied methodology. We assessed the effects of (i) training sample size (5–100); (ii) sampling design (simple random sampling (SRS), conditioned Latin hypercube sampling (cLHS) and k-means sampling (KM)); and (iii) prediction model (multiple linear regression (MLR) and random forest (RF)) on the prediction performance for the above mentioned three soil properties. The case study is based on conditional geostatistical simulations using 250 soil samples from a 51 ha field in Eastern Germany. Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) and root-mean-square error (RMSE) were used to evaluate model performances. Results show that with increasing training sample sizes, relative improvements of RMSE and CCC decreased exponentially. We found the lowest median RMSE values with 100 training observations i.e., 1.73%, 0.21% and 0.3 for clay, SOC and pH, respectively. However, already with a sample size of 10, models of moderate quality (CCC 〉 0.65) were obtained for all three soil properties. cLHS and KM performed significantly better than SRS. MLR showed lower median RMSE values than RF for SOC and pH for smaller sample sizes, but RF outperformed MLR if at least 25–30 or 75–100 soil samples were used for SOC or pH, respectively. For clay, the median RMSE was lower with RF, regardless of sample size.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1385-2256 , 1573-1618
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s11119-024-10122-3
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016333-2
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  • 5
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    Diversity and conservation of saproxylic beetles in 42 European tree species: an experimental approach using early successional stages of branches
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Insect Conservation and Diversity Vol. 14, No. 1 ( 2021-01), p. 132-143
    Details
    In: Insect Conservation and Diversity, Wiley, Vol. 14, No. 1 ( 2021-01), p. 132-143
    Abstract: Tree species diversity is important to maintain saproxylic beetle diversity in managed forests. Yet, knowledge about the conservational importance of single tree species and implications for forest management and conservation practices are lacking. We exposed freshly cut branch‐bundles of 42 tree species, representing tree species native and non‐native to Europe, under sun‐exposed and shaded conditions for 1 year. Afterwards, communities of saproxylic beetles were reared ex situ for 2 years. We tested for the impact of tree species and sun exposure on alpha‐, beta‐, and gamma‐diversity as well as composition of saproxylic beetle communities. Furthermore, the number of colonised tree species by each saproxylic beetle species was determined. Tree species had a lower impact on saproxylic beetle communities compared to sun exposure. The diversity of saproxylic beetles varied strongly among tree species, with highest alpha‐ and gamma‐diversity found in Quercus petraea . Red‐listed saproxylic beetle species occurred ubiquitously among tree species. We found distinct differences in the community composition of broadleaved and coniferous tree species, native and non‐native tree species as well as sun‐exposed and shaded deadwood. Our study enhances the understanding of the importance of previously understudied and non‐native tree species for the diversity of saproxylic beetles. To improve conservation practices for saproxylic beetles and especially red‐listed species, we suggest a stronger incorporation of tree species diversity and sun exposure of into forest management strategies, including the enrichment of deadwood from native and with a specific focus on locally rare or silviculturally less important tree species.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1752-458X , 1752-4598
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/icad.v14.1
    DOI: 10.1111/icad.12442
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2404613-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
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    The living dead: acknowledging life after tree death to stop forest degradation
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment Vol. 18, No. 9 ( 2020-11), p. 505-512
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, Wiley, Vol. 18, No. 9 ( 2020-11), p. 505-512
    Abstract: Global sustainability agendas focus primarily on halting deforestation, yet the biodiversity crisis resulting from the degradation of remaining forests is going largely unnoticed. Forest degradation occurs through the loss of key ecological structures, such as dying trees and deadwood, even in the absence of deforestation. One of the main drivers of forest degradation is limited awareness by policy makers and the public on the importance of these structures for supporting forest biodiversity and ecosystem function. Here, we outline management strategies to protect forest health and biodiversity by maintaining and promoting deadwood, and propose environmental education initiatives to improve the general awareness of the importance of deadwood. Finally, we call for major reforms to forest management to maintain and restore deadwood; large, old trees; and other key ecological structures.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1540-9295 , 1540-9309
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/fee.v18.9
    DOI: 10.1002/fee.2252
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2161292-4
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
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    Guidelines for precise lime management based on high-resolution soil pH, texture and SOM maps generated from proximal soil sensing data
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2021
    In:  Precision Agriculture Vol. 22, No. 2 ( 2021-04), p. 493-523
    Details
    In: Precision Agriculture, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 22, No. 2 ( 2021-04), p. 493-523
    Abstract: Soil acidification is caused by natural paedogenetic processes and anthropogenic impacts but can be counteracted by regular lime application. Although sensors and applicators for variable-rate liming (VRL) exist, there are no established strategies for using these tools or helping to implement VRL in practice. Therefore, this study aimed to provide guidelines for site-specific liming based on proximal soil sensing. First, high-resolution soil maps of the liming-relevant indicators (pH, soil texture and soil organic matter content) were generated using on-the-go sensors. The soil acidity was predicted by two ion-selective antimony electrodes (RMSE pH : 0.37); the soil texture was predicted by a combination of apparent electrical resistivity measurements and natural soil-borne gamma emissions (RMSE clay : 0.046 kg kg −1 ); and the soil organic matter (SOM) status was predicted by a combination of red (660 nm) and near-infrared (NIR, 970 nm) optical reflection measurements (RMSE SOM : 6.4 g kg −1 ). Second, to address the high within-field soil variability (pH varied by 2.9 units, clay content by 0.44 kg kg −1 and SOM by 5.5 g kg −1 ), a well-established empirical lime recommendation algorithm that represents the best management practices for liming in Germany was adapted, and the lime requirements (LRs) were determined. The generated workflow was applied to a 25.6 ha test field in north-eastern Germany, and the variable LR was compared to the conventional uniform LR. The comparison showed that under the uniform liming approach, 63% of the field would be over-fertilized by approximately 12 t of lime, 6% would receive approximately 6 t too little lime and 31% would still be adequately limed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1385-2256 , 1573-1618
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s11119-020-09766-8
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016333-2
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  • 8
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    Optimizing enrichment of deadwood for biodiversity by varying sun exposure and tree species: An experimental approach
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Applied Ecology Vol. 57, No. 10 ( 2020-10), p. 2075-2085
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 57, No. 10 ( 2020-10), p. 2075-2085
    Abstract: Die Anreicherung von Totholz ist für den Erhalt der Vielfalt von xylobionten Arten in bewirtschafteten Wäldern von wesentlicher Bedeutung. Bisherige Schutzstrategien konzentrieren sich jedoch hauptsächlich auf eine kostenintensive Anreicherung der Totholzmenge, wohingegen die Vielfalt an Totholzstrukturen vernachlässigt wird. Totholzobjekte, d.h. Äste und Stämme, von sechs verschiedenen Baumarten wurden in der Sonne, natürlich beschattet durch Baumkronen und künstlich beschattet über vier Jahre experimentell exponiert. Im Anschluss wurden die Alpha‐, Beta‐ und Gamma‐Diversität xylobionter Käfer, holzbesiedelnder Pilze und Spinnen untersucht. Die Analyse der Beta‐Diversität umfasste weiterhin die räumliche Distanz zwischen den exponierten Totholzobjekten. Ein Zufallsentnahmeverfahren wurde verwendet, um die Kombination von Baumarten und Besonnung zu identifizieren, die die höchste Gamma‐Diversität bei einem Minimum an exponierter Totholzmenge ergab. Bei Besonnung war die Artenzahl aller untersuchten Artengruppen in Stämmen höher als bei Beschattung, wohingegen für xylobionte Käfer aus Ästen das Gegenteil beobachtet wurde. Die Baumart beeinflusste die Artenzahl nur von xylobionten Käfern und holzbesiedelnden Pilzen. Die Beta‐Diversität xylobionter Käfer und holzbesiedelnder Pilze wurde durch die Baumart und die Besonnung beeinflusst, die Beta‐Diversität der Spinnen hingegen nur durch die Besonnung. Für alle xylobionten Artengruppen in Stämmen stiegen die Unterschiede zwischen den Artgemeinschaften mit ansteigender räumlicher Distanz. Eine Kombination aus natürlich beschatteten Stämmen von Carpinus und besonnten Stämmen von Populus ergab die höchste Artenvielfalt aller untersuchten xylobionten Artengruppen unter allen möglichen Kombinationen von Baumarten und unterschiedlicher Besonnung. Synthese und Anwendungen. Wir empfehlen, dass die Anreicherung von Totholz unterschiedlicher Baumarten bei variierender Besonnung in bestehende Schutzstrategien einbezogen wird. Auf Grundlage unserer Ergebnisse schlagen wir vor, dass Stämme von Laubweichholz (z.B. Carpinus und Populus ), Laubhartholz (z.B. Quercus ) und Nadelholz (z.B. Pinus ) bei unterschiedlicher Besonnung räumlich verteilt in der Landschaft angereichert werden sollten, um einen größtmöglichen, positiven Effekt für die Artenvielfalt zu erzielen.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8901 , 1365-2664
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jpe.v57.10
    DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13648
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020408-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 410405-5
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
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    Direct prediction of site-specific lime requirement of arable fields using the base neutralizing capacity and a multi-sensor platform for on-the-go soil mapping
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2022
    In:  Precision Agriculture Vol. 23, No. 1 ( 2022-02), p. 127-149
    Details
    In: Precision Agriculture, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 23, No. 1 ( 2022-02), p. 127-149
    Abstract: Liming agricultural fields is necessary for counteracting soil acidity and is one of the oldest operations in soil fertility management. However, the best management practice for liming in Germany only insufficiently considers within-field soil variability. Thus, a site-specific variable rate liming strategy was developed and tested on nine agricultural fields in a quaternary landscape of north-east Germany. It is based on the use of a proximal soil sensing module using potentiometric, geoelectric and optical sensors that have been found to be proxies for soil pH, texture and soil organic matter (SOM), which are the most relevant lime requirement (LR) affecting soil parameters. These were compared to laboratory LR analysis of reference soil samples using the soil’s base neutralizing capacity (BNC). Sensor data fusion utilizing stepwise multi-variate linear regression (MLR) analysis was used to predict BNC-based LR (LR BNC ) for each field. The MLR models achieved high adjusted R 2 values between 0.70 and 0.91 and low RMSE values from 65 to 204 kg CaCO 3 ha −1 . In comparison to univariate modeling, MLR models improved prediction by 3 to 27% with 9% improvement on average. The relative importance of covariates in the field-specific prediction models were quantified by computing standardized regression coefficients (SRC). The importance of covariates varied between fields, which emphasizes the necessity of a field-specific calibration of proximal sensor data. However, soil pH was the most important parameter for LR determination of the soils studied. Geostatistical semivariance analysis revealed differences between fields in the spatial variability of LR BNC . The sill-to-range ratio (SRR) was used to quantify and compare spatial LR BNC variability of the nine test fields. Finally, high resolution LR maps were generated. The BNC-based LR method also produces negative LR values for soil samples with pH values above which lime is required. Hence, the LR maps additionally provide an estimate on the quantity of chemically acidifying fertilizers that can be applied to obtain an optimal soil pH value.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1385-2256 , 1573-1618
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s11119-021-09830-x
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016333-2
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  • 10
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    Primary determinants of communities in deadwood vary among taxa but are regionally consistent
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Oikos Vol. 129, No. 10 ( 2020-10), p. 1579-1588
    Details
    In: Oikos, Wiley, Vol. 129, No. 10 ( 2020-10), p. 1579-1588
    Abstract: The evolutionary split between gymnosperms and angiosperms has far‐reaching implications for the current communities colonizing trees. The inherent characteristics of dead wood include its role as a spatially scattered habitat of plant tissue, transient in time. Thus, local assemblages in deadwood forming a food web in a necrobiome should be affected not only by dispersal ability but also by host tree identity, the decay stage and local abiotic conditions. However, experiments simultaneously manipulating these potential community drivers in deadwood are lacking. To disentangle the importance of spatial distance and microclimate, as well as host identity and decay stage as drivers of local assemblages, we conducted two consecutive experiments, a 2‐tree species and 6‐tree species experiment with 80 and 72 tree logs, respectively, located in canopy openings and under closed canopies of a montane and a lowland forest. We sampled saproxylic beetles, spiders, fungi and bacterial assemblages from logs. Variation partitioning for community metrics based on a unified framework of Hill numbers showed consistent results for both studies: host identity was most important for sporocarp‐detected fungal assemblages, decay stage and host tree for DNA‐detected fungal assemblages, microclimate and decay stage for beetles and spiders and decay stage for bacteria. Spatial distance was of minor importance for most taxa but showed the strongest effects for arthropods. The contrasting patterns among the taxa highlight the need for multi‐taxon analyses in identifying the importance of abiotic and biotic drivers of community composition. Moreover, the consistent finding of microclimate as the primary driver for saproxylic beetles compared to host identity shows, for the first time that existing evolutionary host adaptions can be outcompeted by local climate conditions in deadwood.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0030-1299 , 1600-0706
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/oik.2020.v129.i10
    DOI: 10.1111/oik.07335
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2025658-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 207359-6
    SSG: 12
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