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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 1999
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 105, No. 2_Supplement ( 1999-02-01), p. 1110-1110
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 105, No. 2_Supplement ( 1999-02-01), p. 1110-1110
    Abstract: Acoustic communication in the natural environment is greatly affected by the ubiquitous background noise. Therefore, vertebrates have evolved mechanisms to efficiently cope with auditory masking. Spectral filtering of the acoustic input is one possibility to improve signal detection. In addition, communication efficiency can be enhanced by exploiting the amplitude fluctuations in background noise. This improvement of signal detection has been termed ‘‘comodulation masking release’’ (CMR). CMR has two components: (1) release from masking within the spectral filter (i.e., a critical band) centered on the signal and (2) release from masking by comparison of correlated amplitude fluctuations (i.e., comodulation) across separate spectral filters. An excellent animal model for studying CMR is the European starling, a songbird exhibiting a temporal resolution and frequency selectivity in its auditory system that is similar to the human’s processing performance. Psychoacoustic experiments in starlings show a considerable CMR both within and across spectral filters. Furthermore, the range of envelope frequencies is an important determinant of the amount of CMR. Neurophysiological data recorded in the starling’s auditory forebrain reveal that the temporal encoding of the stimulus envelope within auditory filters is a major factor determining the amount of CMR. [Work supported by the DFG, FG Hoerobjekte.]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 1999
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Company of Biologists ; 1999
    In:  Development Vol. 126, No. 7 ( 1999-04-01), p. 1387-1395
    In: Development, The Company of Biologists, Vol. 126, No. 7 ( 1999-04-01), p. 1387-1395
    Abstract: In Arabidopsis embryogenesis, the primary root meristem originates from descendants of both the apical and the basal daughter cell of the zygote. We have isolated a mutant of a new gene named BODENLOS (BDL) in which the primary root meristem is not formed whereas post- embryonic roots develop and bdl seedlings give rise to fertile adult plants. Some bdl seedlings lacked not only the root but also the hypocotyl, thus resembling monopteros (mp) seedlings. In addition, bdl seedlings were insensitive to the auxin analogue 2,4-D, as determined by comparison with auxin resistant1 (axr1) seedlings. bdl embryos deviated from normal development as early as the two-cell stage at which the apical daughter cell of the zygote had divided horizontally instead of vertically. Subsequently, the uppermost derivative of the basal daughter cell, which is normally destined to become the hypophysis, divided abnormally and failed to generate the quiescent centre of the root meristem and the central root cap. We also analysed double mutants. bdl mp embryos closely resembled the two single mutants, bdl and mp, at early stages, while bdl mp seedlings essentially consisted of hypocotyl but did form primary leaves. bdl axr1 embryos approached the mp phenotype at later stages, and bdl axr1 seedlings resembled mp seedlings. Our results suggest that BDL is involved in auxin-mediated processes of apicalbasal patterning in the Arabidopsis embryo.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0950-1991 , 1477-9129
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Company of Biologists
    Publication Date: 1999
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2007916-3
    SSG: 12
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