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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
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    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Pediatrics Vol. 10 ( 2022-3-30)
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    In: Frontiers in Pediatrics, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 10 ( 2022-3-30)
    Abstract: Epidemiological studies suggest a link between eczema and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but underlying mechanisms have not been examined. Objective We aim to investigate the association between eczema and subsequent ADHD symptoms in the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes cohort and explore the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines and gut microbiome. Methods The modified International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire and Computerized Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version IV were administered to assess reported eczema within the first 18 months and presence of ADHD symptoms at 54 months, respectively. Skin prick testing at 18 months, cytokines in maternal blood during pregnancy and cord blood and the mediating role of the gut microbiome at 24 months were assessed. Results After adjusting for confounders, eczema with or without a positive skin prick test was associated with doubling the risk of ADHD symptoms. No differences in maternal and cord blood cytokines were observed in children with and without eczema, or children with and without ADHD. Gut microbiome dysbiosis was observed in children with eczema and children with ADHD. Children with eczema also had lower gut bacterial Shannon diversity. However, the relationship between eczema and ADHD was not mediated by gut microbiome. Conclusion Early life eczema diagnosis is associated with a higher risk of subsequent ADHD symptoms in children. We found no evidence for underlying inflammatory mechanism or mediation by gut microbiome dysbiosis. Further research should evaluate other mechanisms underlying the link between eczema and ADHD. Clinical Trial Registration [ https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01174875 ], identifier [NCT01174875] .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-2360
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.837741
    DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.837741.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2711999-3
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Data_Sheet_1.docx
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Pediatrics Vol. 10 ( 2022-3-30)
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    In: Frontiers in Pediatrics, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 10 ( 2022-3-30)
    Abstract: Increasing evidence suggests that maternal distress is a risk factor for development of respiratory infections and allergic diseases in the offspring. We aim to evaluate the link between maternal distress during critical periods in early life, namely the preconception, pregnancy and postnatal periods, and development of respiratory infections and allergic diseases in the offspring from the Singapore PREconception Study of long Term maternal and child Outcomes (S-PRESTO) cohort. Methods Maternal perceived distress was evaluated using validated questionnaires including Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) administered during three time periods: preconception (three months apart at four timepoints), pregnancy (during each trimester) and postnatal (3 and 6 months post-delivery). Child eczema, rhinitis and wheeze outcomes were evaluated using a modified ISAAC questionnaire at ages 3, 6, 12, and 18 months. Child allergic sensitization was determined by skin prick testing at 18 months. Results Among 332 mother-child pairs studied, higher maternal distress during preconception and pregnancy increased the risks of wheeze development in the first 18 months; for example, preconception and pregnancy BDI-II scores ≥20 were associated with increased risks of wheeze by 18 months [adjusted risk ratios 3.2 (95%CI 1.1–9.4) and 2.5 (1.0–5.9), respectively]. Emotional and practical support from family during preconception decreased the risks of offspring wheeze. No associations were observed between maternal distress and offspring eczema, rhinitis and allergic sensitization. Conclusion Maternal distress during critical early life periods was associated with offspring wheeze in the first 18 months of life. Supporting maternal mental health even before pregnancy could reduce the risk of offspring wheeze.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-2360
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.749323
    DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.749323.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2711999-3
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Data_Sheet_1.docx
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Allergy Vol. 3 ( 2022-4-6)
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    In: Frontiers in Allergy, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 3 ( 2022-4-6)
    Abstract: Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the main intestinal intermediate and end products of metabolism of dietary fibers/polyphenols by the gut microbiota. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biological implication of stool SCFA profiles determined in the first year of life on the clinical presentation of allergic outcomes in childhood. Methods From the Growing Up in Singapore Toward healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) cohort, a sub-cohort of 75 participants was recruited. Scheduled questionnaire data was collected for cumulative prevalence of physician-diagnosed eczema, wheezing with the use of nebuliser, and allergen sensitization till the age of 8 years. Stool samples collected at week 3 and months 3, 6 and 12 were quantitated for 9 SCFAs using LC/MS/MS. SCFA data were grouped into lower (below the 25th ) and higher (above the 75th percentiles) categories. Generalized Linear Mixed Models was employed to analyse longitudinal association between SCFAs and atopy-related outcomes. Results Children with lower stool butyric acid levels (≤25th percentile) over the first 3 time points had higher odds ratio (OR) for wheezing (adjOR = 14.6), eczema (adjOR = 13.2), food sensitization (adjOR = 12.3) and combined outcomes of both wheezing and eczema (adjOR = 22.6) till age 8 years, compared to those with higher levels (≥75 percentile). Additionally, lower longitudinal levels of propionic acid (≤25th percentile) over 4 time points in first year of life was associated with recurrent wheezing (≥2 episodes) till 8 years (adjOR = 7.4) (adj p & lt; 0.05). Conclusion Our results suggest that relatively low levels of gut SCFAs in early life are associated with increased susceptibility to atopic-related outcomes in childhood.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2673-6101
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2022.873168
    DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2022.873168.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3063831-8
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  • 4
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    Understanding the Link Between Allergy and Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Current Review of Factors and Mechanisms
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Neurology Vol. 11 ( 2021-2-15)
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    In: Frontiers in Neurology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 11 ( 2021-2-15)
    Abstract: Both allergic diseases and neurodevelopmental disorders are non-communicable diseases (NCDs) that not only impact on the quality of life and but also result in substantial economic burden. Immune dysregulation and inflammation are typical hallmarks in both allergic and neurodevelopmental disorders, suggesting converging pathophysiology. Epidemiological studies provided convincing evidence for the link between allergy and neurodevelopmental diseases such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Possible factors influencing the development of these disorders include maternal depression and anxiety, gestational diabetes mellitus, maternal allergic status, diet, exposure to environmental pollutants, microbiome dysbiosis, and sleep disturbances that occur early in life. Moreover, apart from inflammation, epigenetics, gene expression, and mitochondrial dysfunction have emerged as possible underlying mechanisms in the pathogenesis of these conditions. The exploration and understanding of these shared factors and possible mechanisms may enable us to elucidate the link in the comorbidity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-2295
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.603571
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2564214-5
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