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  • 1
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    Quantitative Long-Term Monitoring of the Circulating Gases in the KATRIN Experiment Using Raman Spectroscopy
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Sensors Vol. 20, No. 17 ( 2020-08-26), p. 4827-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 20, No. 17 ( 2020-08-26), p. 4827-
    Kurzfassung: The Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment aims at measuring the effective electron neutrino mass with a sensitivity of 0.2 eV/c2, i.e., improving on previous measurements by an order of magnitude. Neutrino mass data taking with KATRIN commenced in early 2019, and after only a few weeks of data recording, analysis of these data showed the success of KATRIN, improving on the known neutrino mass limit by a factor of about two. This success very much could be ascribed to the fact that most of the system components met, or even surpassed, the required specifications during long-term operation. Here, we report on the performance of the laser Raman (LARA) monitoring system which provides continuous high-precision information on the gas composition injected into the experiment’s windowless gaseous tritium source (WGTS), specifically on its isotopic purity of tritium—one of the key parameters required in the derivation of the electron neutrino mass. The concentrations cx for all six hydrogen isotopologues were monitored simultaneously, with a measurement precision for individual components of the order 10−3 or better throughout the complete KATRIN data taking campaigns to date. From these, the tritium purity, εT, is derived with precision of 〈 10−3 and trueness of 〈 3 × 10−3, being within and surpassing the actual requirements for KATRIN, respectively.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s20174827
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2020
    ZDB Id: 2052857-7
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  • 2
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    Linking Remote Sensing and Geodiversity and Their Traits Relevant to Biodiversity—Part I: Soil Characteristics
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 11, No. 20 ( 2019-10-11), p. 2356-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 20 ( 2019-10-11), p. 2356-
    Kurzfassung: In the face of rapid global change it is imperative to preserve geodiversity for the overall conservation of biodiversity. Geodiversity is important for understanding complex biogeochemical and physical processes and is directly and indirectly linked to biodiversity on all scales of ecosystem organization. Despite the great importance of geodiversity, there is a lack of suitable monitoring methods. Compared to conventional in-situ techniques, remote sensing (RS) techniques provide a pathway towards cost-effective, increasingly more available, comprehensive, and repeatable, as well as standardized monitoring of continuous geodiversity on the local to global scale. This paper gives an overview of the state-of-the-art approaches for monitoring soil characteristics and soil moisture with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and air- and spaceborne remote sensing techniques. Initially, the definitions for geodiversity along with its five essential characteristics are provided, with an explanation for the latter. Then, the approaches of spectral traits (ST) and spectral trait variations (STV) to record geodiversity using RS are defined. LiDAR (light detection and ranging), thermal and microwave sensors, multispectral, and hyperspectral RS technologies to monitor soil characteristics and soil moisture are also presented. Furthermore, the paper discusses current and future satellite-borne sensors and missions as well as existing data products. Due to the prospects and limitations of the characteristics of different RS sensors, only specific geotraits and geodiversity characteristics can be recorded. The paper provides an overview of those geotraits.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs11202356
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2019
    ZDB Id: 2513863-7
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  • 3
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    Linking the Remote Sensing of Geodiversity and Traits Relevant to Biodiversity—Part II: Geomorphology, Terrain and Surfaces
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 12, No. 22 ( 2020-11-10), p. 3690-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 22 ( 2020-11-10), p. 3690-
    Kurzfassung: The status, changes, and disturbances in geomorphological regimes can be regarded as controlling and regulating factors for biodiversity. Therefore, monitoring geomorphology at local, regional, and global scales is not only necessary to conserve geodiversity, but also to preserve biodiversity, as well as to improve biodiversity conservation and ecosystem management. Numerous remote sensing (RS) approaches and platforms have been used in the past to enable a cost-effective, increasingly freely available, comprehensive, repetitive, standardized, and objective monitoring of geomorphological characteristics and their traits. This contribution provides a state-of-the-art review for the RS-based monitoring of these characteristics and traits, by presenting examples of aeolian, fluvial, and coastal landforms. Different examples for monitoring geomorphology as a crucial discipline of geodiversity using RS are provided, discussing the implementation of RS technologies such as LiDAR, RADAR, as well as multi-spectral and hyperspectral sensor technologies. Furthermore, data products and RS technologies that could be used in the future for monitoring geomorphology are introduced. The use of spectral traits (ST) and spectral trait variation (STV) approaches with RS enable the status, changes, and disturbances of geomorphic diversity to be monitored. We focus on the requirements for future geomorphology monitoring specifically aimed at overcoming some key limitations of ecological modeling, namely: the implementation and linking of in-situ, close-range, air- and spaceborne RS technologies, geomorphic traits, and data science approaches as crucial components for a better understanding of the geomorphic impacts on complex ecosystems. This paper aims to impart multidimensional geomorphic information obtained by RS for improved utilization in biodiversity monitoring.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs12223690
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2020
    ZDB Id: 2513863-7
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  • 4
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    Metabolic Traits of Bovine Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli (STEC) Strains with Different Colonization Properties
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Toxins Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2020-06-22), p. 414-
    Details
    In: Toxins, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2020-06-22), p. 414-
    Kurzfassung: Cattle harbor Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in their intestinal tract, thereby providing these microorganisms with an ecological niche, but without this colonization leading to any clinical signs. In a preceding study, genotypic characterization of bovine STEC isolates unveiled that their ability to colonize cattle persistently (STECper) or only sporadically (STECspo) is more closely associated with the overall composition of the accessory rather than the core genome. However, the colonization pattern could not be unequivocally linked to the possession of classical virulence genes. This study aimed at assessing, therefore, if the presence of certain phenotypic traits in the strains determines their colonization pattern and if these can be traced back to distinctive genetic features. STECspo strains produced significantly more biofilm than STECper when incubated at lower temperatures. Key substrates, the metabolism of which showed a significant association with colonization type, were glyoxylic acid and L-rhamnose, which were utilized by STECspo, but not or only by some STECper. Genomic sequences of the respective glc and rha operons contained mutations and frameshifts in uptake and/or regulatory genes, particularly in STECper. These findings suggest that STECspo conserved features leveraging survival in the environment, whereas the acquisition of a persistent colonization phenotype in the cattle reservoir was accompanied by the loss of metabolic properties and genomic mutations in the underlying genetic pathways.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2072-6651
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/toxins12060414
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2020
    ZDB Id: 2518395-3
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  • 5
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    Locating Medical Information during an Infodemic: Information Seeking Behavior and Strategies of Health-Care Workers in Germany
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Healthcare Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2023-05-30), p. 1602-
    Details
    In: Healthcare, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2023-05-30), p. 1602-
    Kurzfassung: Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a flood of—often contradictory—evidence. HCWs had to develop strategies to locate information that supported their work. We investigated the information-seeking of different HCW groups in Germany. Methods: In December 2020, we conducted online surveys on COVID-19 information sources, strategies, assigned trustworthiness, and barriers—and in February 2021, on COVID-19 vaccination information sources. Results were analyzed descriptively; group comparisons were performed using χ2-tests. Results: For general COVID-19-related medical information (413 participants), non-physicians most often selected official websites (57%), TV (57%), and e-mail/newsletters (46%) as preferred information sources—physicians chose official websites (63%), e-mail/newsletters (56%), and professional journals (55%). Non-physician HCWs used Facebook/YouTube more frequently. The main barriers were insufficient time and access issues. Non-physicians chose abstracts (66%), videos (45%), and webinars (40%) as preferred information strategy; physicians: overviews with algorithms (66%), abstracts (62%), webinars (48%). Information seeking on COVID-19 vaccination (2700 participants) was quite similar, however, with newspapers being more often used by non-physicians (63%) vs. physician HCWs (70%). Conclusion: Non-physician HCWs more often consulted public information sources. Employers/institutions should ensure the supply of professional, targeted COVID-19 information for different HCW groups.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2227-9032
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11111602
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2023
    ZDB Id: 2721009-1
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  • 6
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    Selenium-Binding Protein 1 Indicates Myocardial Stress and Risk for Adverse Outcome in Cardiac Surgery
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2019-08-25), p. 2005-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2019-08-25), p. 2005-
    Kurzfassung: Selenium-binding protein 1 (SELENBP1) is an intracellular protein that has been detected in the circulation in response to myocardial infarction. Hypoxia and cardiac surgery affect selenoprotein expression and selenium (Se) status. For this reason, we decided to analyze circulating SELENBP1 concentrations in patients (n = 75) necessitating cardioplegia and a cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) during the course of the cardiac surgery. Serum samples were collected at seven time-points spanning the full surgical process. SELENBP1 was quantified by a highly sensitive newly developed immunological assay. Serum concentrations of SELENBP1 increased markedly during the intervention and showed a positive association with the duration of ischemia (ρ = 0.6, p 〈 0.0001). Elevated serum SELENBP1 concentrations at 1 h after arrival at the intensive care unit (post-surgery) were predictive to identify patients at risk of adverse outcome (death, bradycardia or cerebral ischemia, “endpoint 1”; OR 29.9, CI 3.3–268.8, p = 0.00027). Circulating SELENBP1 during intervention (2 min after reperfusion or 15 min after weaning from the CPB) correlated positively with an established marker of myocardial infarction (CK-MB) measured after the intervention (each with ρ = 0.5, p 〈 0.0001). We concluded that serum concentrations of SELENBP1 were strongly associated with cardiac arrest and the duration of myocardial ischemia already early during surgery, thereby constituting a novel and promising quantitative marker for myocardial hypoxia, with a high potential to improve diagnostics and prediction in combination with the established clinical parameters.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu11092005
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2019
    ZDB Id: 2518386-2
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  • 7
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    Divergent Effects of EZH1 and EZH2 Protein Expression on the Prognosis of Patients with T-Cell Lymphomas
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Biomedicines Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2021-12-05), p. 1842-
    Details
    In: Biomedicines, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2021-12-05), p. 1842-
    Kurzfassung: T-cell lymphomas are highly heterogeneous and their prognosis is poor under the currently available therapies. Enhancers of zeste homologue 1 and 2 (EZH1/2) are histone H3 lysine-27 trimethyltransferases (H3K27me3). Despite the rapid development of new drugs inhibiting EZH2 and/or EZH1, the molecular interplay of these proteins and the impact on disease progression and prognosis of patients with T-cell lymphomas remains insufficiently understood. In this study, EZH1/2 mutation status was evaluated in 33 monomorphic epitheliotropic intestinal T-cell lymphomas by next generation sequencing and EZH1/2 and H3K27me3 protein expression levels were detected by immunohistochemistry in 46 T-cell lymphomas. Correlations with clinicopathologic features were analyzed and survival curves generated. No EZH1 mutations and one (3%) EZH2 missense mutation were identified. In univariable analysis, high EZH1 expression was associated with an improved overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) whereas high EZH2 and H3K27me3 expression were associated with poorer OS and PFS. Multivariable analysis revealed EZH1 (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.183; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.044–0.767; p = 0.020;) and EZH2 (HR = 8.245; 95% CI: 1.898–35.826; p = 0.005) to be independent, divergent prognostic markers for OS. In conclusion, EZH1/2 protein expression had opposing effects on the prognosis of T-cell lymphoma patients.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2227-9059
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121842
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2021
    ZDB Id: 2720867-9
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  • 8
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    Enhancing CDC and ADCC of CD19 Antibodies by Combining Fc Protein-Engineering with Fc Glyco-Engineering
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Antibodies Vol. 9, No. 4 ( 2020-11-17), p. 63-
    Details
    In: Antibodies, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 4 ( 2020-11-17), p. 63-
    Kurzfassung: Background: Native cluster of differentiation (CD) 19 targeting antibodies are poorly effective in triggering antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), which are crucial effector functions of therapeutic antibodies in cancer immunotherapy. Both functions can be enhanced by engineering the antibody’s Fc region by altering the amino acid sequence (Fc protein-engineering) or the Fc-linked glycan (Fc glyco-engineering). We hypothesized that combining Fc glyco-engineering with Fc protein-engineering will rescue ADCC and CDC in CD19 antibodies. Results: Four versions of a CD19 antibody based on tafasitamab’s V-regions were generated: a native IgG1, an Fc protein-engineered version with amino acid exchanges S267E/H268F/S324T/G236A/I332E (EFTAE modification) to enhance CDC, and afucosylated, Fc glyco-engineered versions of both to promote ADCC. Irrespective of fucosylation, antibodies carrying the EFTAE modification had enhanced C1q binding and were superior in inducing CDC. In contrast, afucosylated versions exerted an enhanced affinity to Fcγ receptor IIIA and had increased ADCC activity. Of note, the double-engineered antibody harboring the EFTAE modification and lacking fucose triggered both CDC and ADCC more efficiently. Conclusions: Fc glyco-engineering and protein-engineering could be combined to enhance ADCC and CDC in CD19 antibodies and may allow the generation of antibodies with higher therapeutic efficacy by promoting two key functions simultaneously.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2073-4468
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antib9040063
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2020
    ZDB Id: 2661514-9
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  • 9
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    Thoracoabdominal Aortic Replacement Together with Curative Oncological Surgery in Retroperitoneal and Spinal Tumours
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Current Oncology Vol. 30, No. 3 ( 2023-02-21), p. 2555-2568
    Details
    In: Current Oncology, MDPI AG, Vol. 30, No. 3 ( 2023-02-21), p. 2555-2568
    Kurzfassung: Malignancies with an extended encasement or infiltration of the aorta were previously considered inoperable. This series demonstrates replacement and subsequent resection of the thoracoabdominal aorta and its large branches as an adjunct to curative radical retroperitoneal and spinal tumor resection. Five consecutive patients were enrolled between 2016 and 2020, suffering from cancer of unknown primary, pleomorphic carcinoma, chordoma, rhabdoid sarcoma, and endometrial cancer metastasis. Wide surgical resection was the only curative option for these patients. For vascular replacement, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was used as a partial left-heart bypass. The early technical success rate was 100% for vascular procedures and all patients underwent complete radical tumour resection with negative margins. All patients required surgical revision (liquor leak, n = 2; hematoma, n = 3; bypass revision, n = 1; bleeding, n = 1; biliary leak, n = 1). During follow-up (average 47 months, range 22–70) primary patency rates of aortic reconstructions and arterial bypasses were 100%; no patient suffered from recurrent malignant disease. Thoracoabdominal aortic replacement with rerouting of visceral and renal vessels is feasible in oncologic patients. In highly selected young patients, major vascular surgery can push the limits of oncologic surgery further, allowing a curative approach even in extensive retroperitoneal and spinal malignancies.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1718-7729
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30030195
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2023
    ZDB Id: 2270777-3
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  • 10
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    Reproducibility of Blood Lactate Concentration Rate under Isokinetic Force Loads
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Sports Vol. 6, No. 4 ( 2018-11-20), p. 150-
    Details
    In: Sports, MDPI AG, Vol. 6, No. 4 ( 2018-11-20), p. 150-
    Kurzfassung: (1) Background: Maximum isokinetic force loads show strongly increased post-load lactate concentrations and an increase in the maximum blood lactate concentration rate ( V ˙ Lamax), depending on load duration. The reproducibility of V ˙ Lamax must be known to be able to better assess training-related adjustments of anaerobic performance using isokinetic force tests. (2) Methods: 32 subjects were assigned to two groups and completed two unilateral isokinetic force tests (210° s−1, Range of Motion 90°) within seven days. Group 1 (n = 16; age 24.0 ± 2.8 years, BMI 23.5 ± 2.6 kg m−2, training duration: 4.5 ± 2.4 h week−1) completed eight repetitions and group 2 (n = 16; age 23.7 ± 1.9 years, BMI 24.6 ± 2.4 kg m−2, training duration: 5.5 ± 2.1 h week−1) completed 16 repetitions. To determine V ˙ Lamax, capillary blood (20 µL) was taken before and immediately after loading, and up to the 9th minute post-load. Reproducibility and variability was determined using Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses, and variability were determined using within-subject standard deviation (Sw) and Limits of Agreement (LoA) using Bland Altman plots. (3) Results: The correlation of V ˙ Lamax in group 1 was r = 0.721, and in group 2 r = 0.677. The Sw of V ˙ Lamax was 0.04 mmol L−1 s−1 in both groups. In group 1, V ˙ Lamax showed a systematic bias due to measurement repetition of 0.02 mmol L−1 s−1 in an interval (LoA) of ±0.11 mmol L−1 s−1. In group 2, a systematic bias of −0.008 mmol L−1 s−1 at an interval (LoA) of ±0.11 mmol L−1 s−1 was observed for repeated measurements of V ˙ Lamax. (4) Conclusions: Based on the existing variability, a reliable calculation of V ˙ Lamax seems to be possible with both short and longer isokinetic force loads. Changes in V ˙ Lamax above 0.11 mmol L−1 s−1 due to training can be described as a non-random increase or decrease in V ˙ Lamax.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2075-4663
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/sports6040150
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2018
    ZDB Id: 2704239-X
    SSG: 31
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