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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Inflation dynamics and global value chains : World Development Report 2020 : background paper (2019)
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Development Economics, World Development Report 2020 Team
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_1691193526
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 9090
    Content: The global economy has witnessed a decline in inflation and an increase in inflation synchronization since the early 1980s. This paper investigates the relationship between inflation synchronization and trade integration, and documents the strong link between inflation co-movement and Global Value Chain (GVC) participation. Using 35 years and both gross and value-added trade flows, evidence shows that an increase in production linkages, as proxied by trade in intermediate inputs, is strongly associated with higher inflation correlation. Moreover, backward GVC participation is associated with an increase in bilateral inflation co-movement while forward participation is linked with a higher correlation between domestic and worldwide inflation. The paper also finds evidence of the effect of trade integration in decreasing inflation levels
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe de Soyres Francois Inflation Dynamics And Global Value Chains Washington, D.C : The World Bank, 2019
    Language: English
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9090
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Estimating the contribution of short-cycle programs to student outcomes in Colombia (2020)
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Latin America and the Caribbean Region, Office of the Chief Economist
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_1743511221
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 63 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 9424
    Content: Short-cycle higher education programs last between one and three years and capture approximately 20 percent of the world's higher education enrollment. Although they hold great promise for the skilling, up-skilling, and re-skilling of the workforce in the current world of work, little is known about the contribution they make to students' outcomes, above and beyond student or peer characteristics. This paper estimates the contribution of all short-cycle higher education programs in Colombia. It estimates value-added contributions by program, using unique administrative data on student outcomes and background, as well as program- and institution- level data. For a given outcome, the programs vary greatly in their raw outcomes and in their contribution to student outcomes. Although program-level contributions vary across fields, they vary even more within fields. Regression analysis shows that formal employment and wage contributions are greater for programs that are longer, delivered in a traditional mode, or taught in large cities, selective institutions, or institutions specialized in the field. The paper ends with a word of caution about the use of average program outcomes or contributions to build program rankings, as these vary greatly depending on the metric used
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Ferreyra, Maria Marta Estimating the Contribution of Short-Cycle Programs to Student Outcomes in Colombia Washington, D.C : The World Bank, 2020
    Language: English
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9424
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    The drivers of firms’ compliance to environmental regulations : the case of India (2020)
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, South Asia Region, Office of the Chief Economist
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_1743807740
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 9468
    Content: Regulatory compliance is key in the fight against climate change and other environmental challenges. But regulatory agencies, especially in developing countries, are often hampered by their capacity to monitor and enforce standards and regulations against recalcitrant firms. There is now a big push toward self-reporting whereby the firms monitor and report on their compliance levels vis-a-vis the standards. This is seen as a way around the costs that agencies must incur if they were to scale up their inspections. In this paper, extensive firm-level data from India are used to compare the compliance level of firms when they are inspected by agencies versus the times when they self-report. Other factors that may determine regulatory compliance, such as age, size, sector, location, and so forth, are also examined. The results indicate that compliance rates are higher in the case of self-reporting than in the case of inspection, suggesting that there is a need to reform the self-report mechanism. Newer and privately owned firms are more compliant. There are also differences between complying with air and water pollution. Finally, the paper examines whether environmental monitoring through inspections leads to improvement in compliance levels, to assess the effectiveness of the regulations and inspections. The findings suggest that the increase in compliance is limited to a few industries
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Franco-Bedoya, Sebastian The Drivers of Firms' Compliance to Environmental Regulations: The Case of India Washington, D.C : The World Bank, 2020
    Language: English
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9468
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Exporters dynamics and the role of imports in Argentina (2020)
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Macroeconomics, Trade and Investment Global Practice
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_1713904489
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 9218
    Content: This paper examines the performance of globally engaged firms in Argentina in the past decade. Using highly disaggregated firm-level customs transaction data for imports and exports, the paper documents the progressive retreat of Argentine firms from global markets. Between 2007 and 2017, the number of exporters decreased by 30 percent. Benchmarking the characteristics of these exporters with similar countries reveals that Argentine exporters are disproportionally fewer and individually larger, with export value extremely concentrated in a few firms. Firm churning rates are disproportionately low and survival rates of entrants are high. These findings reflect exceptionally high entry costs of export, which are the result of anti-export bias and import substitution policies that sought unsuccessfully to develop the local industry. The paper shows that exporters that import directly intermediate and capital goods have better export outcomes than other exporters
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Arnoletto, Matias Exporters Dynamics and the Role of Imports in Argentina Washington, D.C : The World Bank, 2020
    Language: English
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9218
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Examining the economic impact of COVID-19 in India through daily electricity consumption and nighttime light intensity (2020)
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, South Asia Region, Office of the Chief Economist
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_1726663167
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 9291
    Content: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted economic activity in India. Adjusting policies to contain trans- mission while mitigating the economic impact requires an assessment of the economic situation in near real-time and at high spatial granularity. This paper shows that daily electricity consumption and monthly nighttime light intensity can proxy for economic activity in India. Energy consumption is compared with the predictions of a consumption model that explains 90 percent of the variation in normal times. Energy consumption declined strongly after a national lockdown was implemented on March 25, 2020 and remained a quarter below normal levels throughout April. It recovered somewhat subsequently, but electricity consumption was on average still 13.5 percent lower than normal in May. Not all states and union territories have been affected equally. While electricity consumption halved in some, others were not affected at all. Part of the heterogeneity is explained by the prevalence of manufacturing and return migration. At the district level, higher COVID-19 infection rates were associated with larger declines in nighttime light intensity in April. Together, daily electricity consumption and nighttime light intensity allow monitoring economic activity in near real-time and high spatial granularity
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Beyer, Robert C.M Examining the Economic Impact of COVID-19 in India through Daily Electricity Consumption and Nighttime Light Intensity Washington, D.C : The World Bank, 2020
    Language: English
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9291
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Author information: Beyer, Robert 1986-
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Consequences of climate change damages for economic growth : a dynamic quantitative assessment (2014)
    Paris : OECD, Economics Dep.
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_79046294X
    Format: Online-Ressource (49 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1135
    Content: This report focuses on the effects of climate change impacts on economic growth. Simulations with the OECD’s dynamic global general equilibrium model ENV-Linkages assess the consequences of a selected number of climate change impacts in the various world regions at the macroeconomic and sectoral level. This is complemented with an assessment of very long-run implications, using the AD-RICE model. The analysis finds that the effect of climate change impacts on annual global GDP is projected to increase over time, leading to a global GDP loss of 0.7% to 2.5% by 2060 for the most likely equilibrium climate sensitivity range. Underlying these annual global GDP losses are much larger sectoral and regional variations. Agricultural impacts dominate in most regions, while damages from sea level rise gradually become more important. Negative economic consequences are especially large in South and South-East Asia whereas other regions will be less affected and, in some cases, benefit thanks to adjustments from international trade. Emissions to 2060 will have important consequences in later decades and centuries. Simulations with the AD-RICE model suggest that if emissions continue to grow after 2060, annual damages of climate change could reach 1.5%-4.8% of GDP by the end of the century. Some impacts and risks from climate change have not been quantified in this study, including extreme weather events, water stress and large-scale disruptions. These will potentially have large economic consequences, and on balance the costs of inaction presented here likely underestimate the full costs of climate change impacts. More research is needed to assess them as well as the various uncertainties and risks involved. However, this should not delay policy action, but rather induce policy frameworks that are able to deal with new information and with the fact that by their nature some uncertainties and risks will never be resolved.
    Note: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    Language: English
    Keywords: Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    DOI: 10.1787/5jz2bxb8kmf3-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    The role of fiscal policies in health promotion (2013)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_788926861
    Format: Online-Ressource (50 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD health working papers 66
    Content: Taxes and other fiscal measures on health-related commodities are in widespread use. Alcoholic beverages and tobacco products have been subjected to taxation for a long time in most countries. Several OECD governments have passed legislation to increase existing taxes or to introduce new taxes on foods high in salt, sugar or fat in the past few years. Traditionally, commodity taxes have been primarily seen as a source of fiscal revenues and a way to address consumption externalities. More recently, an increased emphasis has been placed on the potential health benefits of commodity taxation, as evidence emerged of the adverse public health, social and economic consequences of the consumption of a range of commodities. This paper provides a review of the theoretical arguments and empirical evidence on the key factors that governments must address when considering the adoption of fiscal measures for health promotion, highlighting the strengths, as well as the limitations and pitfalls, of specific measures. The main focus of this paper is on taxes on health-related commodities, although a range of other fiscal measures may potentially be used in health promotion. Existing evidence of effects on consumption and health outcomes points to the conclusion that taxes on healthrelated commodities can be a powerful tool for health promotion, although the variety and complexity of the effects they generate require careful consideration by policy makers who intend to adopt new taxes or reform existing ones. The arguments in support of taxes being used to attain public health objectives are strong for tobacco products and alcoholic beverages, but less clear-cut for foods, in which case the value of using taxes is highly dependent on their design and on the context in which they would be applied.
    Note: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    Language: English
    Keywords: Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    DOI: 10.1787/5k3twr94kvzx-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cyclical vs structural effects on health care expenditure trends in OECD countries (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_894989227
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD health working papers no. 92
    Content: Health care expenditure per person, after accounting for changes in overall price levels, began to slow in many OECD countries in the early-to-mid 2000s, well before the economic and fiscal crisis. Using available estimates from the OECD’s System of Health Accounts (SHA) database, we explore common trends in health care expenditure since 1996 in a set of 22 OECD countries. We assess the extent to which the trends observed are the results of cyclical economic influences, and the respective contributions of changes in relative prices, health care volumes and coverage to the slowdown in health care expenditure growth. Our analysis suggests that cyclical factors may account for a little less than one half of the estimated slowdown in health care spending since the crisis, suggesting that structural changes have contributed to the trends. Before the crisis the slowdown in health care expenditure growth was accounted for by health care prices growing less than general prices and a reduction in care volumes, whereas the latter accounts for most of the steeper deceleration after the crisis. Although both privately and publically financed health care expenditure grew at a reduced pace during the study period, the sharp post-crisis deceleration happened mostly in the public component. When examined by function, the slowdown in publicly-financed expenditure has been largest in curative and rehabilitative care (particularly after the crisis) and in medical goods (especially pharmaceuticals), whereas the deceleration in the privately financed component is largely in medical goods (including pharmaceuticals). We conclude that structural changes in publicly financed health care have constrained the growth of care volumes (especially) and prices leading to a marked reduction in health care expenditure growth rates, beyond what could be expected based on cyclical economic fluctuations. We examine a range of government policies enacted in a selection of OECD countries that likely contributed to the structural changes observed in our analysis.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    Language: English
    Keywords: Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    DOI: 10.1787/be74e5c5-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Productivity and finance : the intangible assets channel : a firm level analysis (2020)
    Paris, France : OECD
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_1695638182
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 61 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1596
    Content: Using a cross-country firm level panel dataset from 1995 to 2015, this paper revisits the finance–productivity nexus by looking at the role of intangible assets. It argues that due to their specific characteristics, such as valuation uncertainty and lower pledgeability, financing the purchase of intangible assets is more difficult than that of tangible assets. As a result, financial frictions are expected to be more binding for productivity growth in sectors where intangibles have become a pivotal component in firms production function. The analysis relies on a panel fixed effects econometric approach, several indices to capture financial frictions at the firm level and a new measure of intangible intensity at the industry level. We provide evidence that financial frictions act as a drag on productivity growth and especially so with respect to firms operating in intangible intensive sectors. These findings, which are robust to alternative specifications, shed light on the role of financial factors in explaining the productivity slowdown in OECD countries and provide support for using intangible intensity as a new dimension to proxy the relative exposure of industries to financing frictions.
    Language: English
    Keywords: Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    DOI: 10.1787/d13a21b0-en
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Parking prices and availability, mode choice and urban form (2020)
    Paris : International Transport Forum
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_1701040557
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Discussion paper / International Transport Forum no. [2020, 03]
    Content: This paper provides evidence how parking reforms can help reduce car dependency and achieve a more efficient use of city space. It looks at how the price and availability of parking influence transport choices and urban form. It also investigates the effect of minimum parking requirements and regulations on developer decisions and land use. The paper draws primarily on evidence from Los Angeles County and the City of Los Angeles, California, in the United States.
    Note: Zählung der Reihe aus OECD iLibrary
    Language: English
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    DOI: 10.1787/04ae37c3-en
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: kostenfrei
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