Format:
1 Online-Ressource (322 Seiten)
ISBN:
9783030602086
Note:
Intro -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- List of Figures -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Evolution -- 1.1.1 Basis -- 1.1.2 Implications -- 2 Reproduction -- 2.1 Reproductive Science -- 2.1.1 Chromosomes, Genes and Deoxyribonucleic Acid -- 2.1.2 Genes and Their Functions -- 2.1.3 Production of Gametes -- 2.1.4 Embryology -- 2.2 Assisted Reproductive Technology -- 2.2.1 Spermatozoa Handling -- 2.2.2 Ovum Handling -- 2.2.3 Fertilisation -- 2.2.4 Pre-implantation Genetic Diagnosis -- Medical and Legal Considerations -- Regulation of Pre-implantation Genetic Diagnosis -- 2.2.5 Allocation of Parenthood -- 2.3 Changing the Gametes or the Zygote -- 2.3.1 Mitochondrial Diseases and the 'Three-Parent' Baby -- Physiological Functions of Mitochondria -- Mitochondrial Replacement Therapy (MRT) -- Permitted Process -- Right to Withdraw Consent -- Right to Know -- Who Is the Parent? -- Ethical Issues -- Two-Person Input -- Genetic Identity -- Germ Line -- Harm to Egg Providers -- Summary -- 2.3.2 Gene Editing Methods -- 2.3.3 Gene Editing of Germ-line Cells -- Which Genes to Edit? -- Who Controls One's Genes? -- 2.4 Cloning -- 2.4.1 Cloning Technology -- Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT) -- Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (iPSC) -- 2.4.2 Legislative Responses to Human Cloning -- United Kingdom -- Council of Europe -- United Nations -- United States -- Canada -- 2.4.3 Options -- 2.4.4 Arguments Against Human Cloning -- Unacceptable Dangers -- Genetic Diversity -- A Right to One's Own Unique Identity -- A Right to an Open Future -- Religious Objection -- Money Concerns -- Harm to the Position of Women -- Parenthood/Natural Parenthood -- Asexual Reproduction as Abnormality or Is 'Repugnant' -- Not Pro-child -- Involuntary Parenthood -- 2.4.5 Arguments for Human Cloning -- Enable Couples to Have Children -- Rights of Scientist -- Disease
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Assisted Reproduction Without Third Party -- 2.4.6 Conclusion -- 2.5 Ectogenesis -- 2.5.1 Use of Ectogenesis -- 2.5.2 Impact of Ectogenesis: The Status of the Fetus -- 2.5.3 Impact of Ectogenesis: Regulation of Termination -- 2.5.4 Impact of Ectogenesis: Disputes over the Fetus -- 2.5.5 Impact of Ectogenesis: Allocation of Parenthood -- 2.6 Newborn Screening -- 3 Brain -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Looking Inside the Brain -- 3.2.1 Electroencephalography -- 3.2.2 X-Ray Computed Tomography (CT Scan) -- 3.2.3 Positron Emission Tomography -- 3.2.4 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Scans -- 3.2.5 Optogenetics -- 3.2.6 Transcranial Magnetic and Electrical Stimulation -- 3.3 How Does the Brain Function? -- 3.3.1 Consciousness -- 3.3.2 Memory and Learning -- 3.3.3 Decision Making: Dual-Process Theory -- 3.3.4 Other Cognitive Functions -- 3.3.5 Personality and Behaviour -- 3.3.6 Criminality -- 3.3.7 Brain Injuries and Brain-Machine Interface -- 3.4 Improving the Mind -- 3.5 Other Animals -- 3.5.1 Use of Tools -- 3.5.2 Complex Communication -- 3.5.3 Theory of Mind -- 3.5.4 Other Features -- 3.5.5 Summary -- 3.6 Conclusion -- 4 Defining Sex -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Distinguishing Gender and Sex -- 4.3 Defining Intersex States-Terminology -- 4.4 Approaches to Intersexuality -- 4.4.1 Sex Determination -- Cellular Mosaicism -- Disruptions Caused by Gene Translocations -- Gene Mutations in Sex Determination -- 4.4.2 Sex Differentiation -- 4.4.3 Establishment of Fertility -- 4.4.4 Summary -- 4.4.5 Non-medical Definitions -- 4.5 Statistics -- 4.6 Medical Practice in Response to Intersexual States -- 4.6.1 Parents -- 4.7 Legal Definition of Sex -- 4.8 Gender Recognition Act 2004 -- 4.8.1 Other Jurisdictions and the Definition of Sex -- 4.9 Criticisms of the Legal Definition -- 4.9.1 Two-Box Approach -- 4.9.2 Performance of Sex -- 4.9.3 Over-emphasis on Bodily Factors
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4.10 Moving Beyond the Two-Box Approach -- 4.10.1 Abolishing Sex as a Category -- 4.11 Conclusion -- 5 Body Ownership -- 5.1 How the Law Views the Human Body -- 5.2 The Law: Bodies as Property -- 5.3 The Law on Integrity Rights and the Body -- 5.4 Disputes over the Approaches -- 5.4.1 Control over Removed Body Parts -- 5.4.2 Dignity -- 5.4.3 Technical Problems with Ownership of Bodies -- 5.5 Interconnection of Bodies -- 5.5.1 Placenta -- 5.5.2 Sharing of Bloods During Birth -- 5.5.3 Breastfeeding -- 5.5.4 Personal Care -- 5.5.5 Bodies and the Meaning of Life -- 5.5.6 Genetics -- 5.6 Interaction with the Environment -- 5.7 Mutability of Our Bodies -- 5.8 Summary -- 5.9 Practical Implications of Bodily Interconnections -- 5.9.1 Moore Decision and Control of Removed Bodily Products -- 5.9.2 Conceptions of Genetic Privacy -- 5.9.3 Human Tissue Act 2004 -- Organ Donation -- Not Just Cells -- 5.10 Body as Property? -- 5.11 An Alternative Approach -- 6 Sickness -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Definitions of Health -- 6.3 Case Study 1: Epilepsy -- 6.4 Case Study 2: Schizophrenia -- 6.5 Autonomy and Interdependence -- 6.5.1 Independence and Autonomy as Health -- 6.5.2 Interdependence and Vulnerability as Health -- 6.6 Legal Significance of the Different Understandings of Health -- 6.7 Conclusion on Understanding Health -- 7 Death -- 7.1 Hypotheses of Ageing and Death -- 7.2 What Is Death? -- 7.3 Legal Definition of Death -- 7.3.1 Brain Stem Death -- Definition -- Justification for Brain Stem Death -- Objections to Brain Stem Death -- 7.3.2 End of Consciousness -- Definition -- Justification of End of Consciousness -- Objections to End of Consciousness -- 7.3.3 Ending of Cardiac Function -- Definition -- Justification of Ending of Cardiac Function -- Objections to Ending of Cardiac Function -- 7.3.4 End of Organism -- Definition -- Justification of End of Organism
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Objections to End of Organism -- 7.3.5 Death of Every Cell -- Definition -- Justification of Death of Every Cell -- Objections of Death of Every Cell -- 7.3.6 Desoulment -- Definition -- Justification of Desoulment -- Objections to Desoulment -- 7.3.7 Death as a Process -- Definition -- Justification of Death as a Process -- Objections to Death as a Process -- 7.3.8 No Definition -- Definition of 'No Definition' -- Justification of 'No Definition' -- Objections to 'No Definition' -- 7.4 Choosing Between the Definitions -- 7.4.1 Safety First? -- 7.4.2 Death of the Body or of the Person? -- 7.4.3 Perspective of Death -- 7.4.4 Is Death a Medical, Legal or Philosophical Question? -- 7.4.5 Relevance of Practicality? -- 7.4.6 Problem of Irreversibility -- 7.4.7 Religion -- 7.4.8 Role of Policy -- 7.4.9 Public Opinion -- 7.5 Conclusion -- 8 Conclusion -- Cases and Legislations Cited -- Bibliography -- Index
Additional Edition:
Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Chau, P. -L. Emergent Medicine and the Law Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2021 ISBN 9783030602079
Language:
English
Subjects:
Medicine
Keywords:
Medizinische Ethik
;
Medizin
;
Recht
URL:
Volltext
(URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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