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  • 1
    Article
    Article
    Ras-related C3 Botulinum Toxin Substrate (Rac) and Src Family Kinases (SFK) Are Proximal and Essential for Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K) Activation in Natural Killer (NK) Cell-mediated Direct Cytotoxicity against Cryptococcus neoformans (2016)
    Details
    Language: English
    In: The Journal of biological chemistry, 25 March 2016, Vol.291(13), pp.6912-22
    Description: The activity of Rac in leukocytes is essential for immunity. However, its role in NK cell-mediated anti-microbial signaling remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of Rac in NK cell mediated anti-cryptococcal killing. We found thatCryptococcus neoformansindependently activates both Rac and SFK pathways in NK cells, and unlike in tumor killing,Cryptococcusinitiated a novel Rac → PI3K → Erk cytotoxicity cascade. Remarkably, Rac was not required for conjugate formation, despite its essential role in NK cytotoxicity againstC. neoformans Taken together, our data show that, unlike observations with tumor cells, NK cells use a novel Rac cytotoxicity pathway in conjunction with SFK, to killC. neoformans.
    Keywords: Cellular Signaling ; Cryptococcus ; Rac (Rac Gtpase) ; Src ; Adhesion ; Fungi ; Natural Killer Cells (Nk Cells) ; Phosphatidylinositide 3-Kinase (PI 3-Kinase) ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Class Ia Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase -- Immunology ; Cryptococcus Neoformans -- Physiology ; Killer Cells, Natural -- Immunology ; Rac Gtp-Binding Proteins -- Immunology ; Rac1 Gtp-Binding Protein -- Immunology ; Src-Family Kinases -- Immunology
    E-ISSN: 1083-351X
    DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M115.681544
    URL: View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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  • 2
    Article
    Article
    β1 Integrins Are Required To Mediate NK Cell Killing of (2018)
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    Language: English
    In: Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 15 October 2018, Vol.201(8), pp.2369-2376
    Description: is a fungal pathogen that causes fatal meningitis and pneumonia. During host defense to , NK cells directly recognize and kill using cytolytic degranulation analogous to killing of tumor cells. This fungal killing requires independent activation of Src family kinase (SFK) and Rac1-mediated pathways. Recognition of requires the natural cytotoxicity receptor, NKp30; however, it is not known whether NKp30 activates both signal transduction pathways or whether a second receptor is involved in activation of one of the pathways. We used primary human NK cells and a human NK cell line and found that NKp30 activates SFK → PI3K but not Rac1 cytotoxic signaling, which led to a search for the receptor leading to Rac1 activation. We found that NK cells require integrin-linked kinase (ILK) to activate Rac1 for effective fungal killing. This observation led to our identification of β1 integrin as an essential anticryptococcal receptor. These findings demonstrate that multiple receptors, including β1 integrins and NKp30 and their proximal signaling pathways, are required for recognition of , which activates a central cytolytic antimicrobial pathway leading to fungal killing.
    Keywords: Cryptococcosis -- Immunology ; Cryptococcus Neoformans -- Physiology ; Integrin Beta1 -- Metabolism ; Killer Cells, Natural -- Immunology ; Rac1 Gtp-Binding Protein -- Metabolism
    ISSN: 00221767
    E-ISSN: 1550-6606
    DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701805
    URL: View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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  • 3
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    Article
    Mechanisms by Which Interleukin-12 Corrects Defective NK Cell Anticryptococcal Activity in HIV-Infected Patients (2016)
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    Language: English
    In: mBio, 01 August 2016, Vol.7(4), p.e00878-16
    Description: Cryptococcus neoformans is a pathogenic yeast and a leading cause of life-threatening meningitis in AIDS patients. Natural killer (NK) cells are important immune effector cells that directly recognize and kill C. neoformans via a perforin-dependent cytotoxic mechanism. We previously showed...
    Keywords: Biology
    E-ISSN: 2150-7511
    DOI: 10.1128/mBio.00878-16
    URL: View full text in DOAJ
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  • 4
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    Article
    Identification of the fungal ligand triggering cytotoxic PRR-mediated NK cell killing of Cryptococcus and Candida (2018)
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    Language: English
    In: Nat Commun, 2018, Vol.9(1), pp.751-751
    Description: Natural killer (NK) cells use the activating receptor NKp30 as a microbial pattern-recognition receptor to recognize, activate cytolytic pathways, and directly kill the fungi Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans. However, the fungal pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) that triggers NKp30-mediated killing remains to be identified. Here we show that β-1,3-glucan, a component of the fungal cell wall, binds to NKp30. We further demonstrate that β-1,3-glucan stimulates granule convergence and polarization, as shown by live cell imaging. Through Src Family Kinase signaling, β-1,3-glucan increases expression and clustering of NKp30 at the microbial and NK cell synapse to induce perforin release for fungal cytotoxicity. Rather than blocking the interaction between fungi and NK cells, soluble β-1,3-glucan enhances fungal killing and restores defective cryptococcal killing by NK cells from HIV-positive individuals, implicating β-1,3-glucan to be both an activating ligand and a soluble PAMP that shapes NK cell host immunity.
    Keywords: Article;
    ISSN: 2041-1723
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03014-4
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