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  • 1
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    Evaluation of a low‐dose desoxycorticosterone pivalate treatment protocol for long‐term management of dogs with primary hypoadrenocorticism
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine Vol. 33, No. 3 ( 2019-05), p. 1266-1271
    Details
    In: Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Wiley, Vol. 33, No. 3 ( 2019-05), p. 1266-1271
    Abstract: Lowering the dose of desoxycorticosterone pivalate (DOCP) for the treatment of dogs with primary hypoadrenocorticism (PH) decreases costs and could lead to increased owner motivation to treat their affected dogs. Objective To evaluate the efficacy of a low‐dose DOCP treatment protocol in dogs with PH. Animals Prospective study, 17 client‐owned dogs with naturally occurring PH (12 newly diagnosed, 5 previously treated with fludrocortisone acetate [FC]). Methods Dogs with newly diagnosed PH were started on 1.5 mg/kg DOCP SC; dogs previously treated with FC were started on 1.0‐1.8 mg/kg DOCP SC. Reevaluations took place at regular intervals for a minimum of 3 months and included clinical examination and determination of serum sodium and potassium concentrations. The DOCP dosage was adjusted to obtain an injection interval of 28‐30 days and to keep serum electrolyte concentrations within the reference interval. Results Median (range) follow‐up was 16.2 months (4.5‐32.3 months). The starting dosage was sufficient in all but 2 dogs and had to be significantly decreased after 2‐3 months to a median dosage (range) of 1.1 mg/kg (0.7‐1.8). Dogs 3 years of age or younger needed significantly higher dosages compared to older dogs. None of them, however, needed the 2.2 mg/kg DOCP dosage, recommended by the manufacturer. Conclusions and Clinical Importance A starting dosage of 1.5 mg/kg DOCP is effective in controlling clinical signs and serum electrolyte concentrations in the majority of dogs with PH. An additional dose reduction often is needed to maintain an injection interval of 28‐30 days. Young and growing animals seem to need higher dosages.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0891-6640 , 1939-1676
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jvim.2019.33.issue-3
    DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15475
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2177690-8
    SSG: 22
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  • 2
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    Concurrent endocrine neoplasias in dogs and cats: a retrospective study (2004–2014)
    Wiley ; 2018
    In:  Veterinary Record Vol. 182, No. 11 ( 2018-03), p. 323-323
    Details
    In: Veterinary Record, Wiley, Vol. 182, No. 11 ( 2018-03), p. 323-323
    Abstract: Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) is a well‐known syndrome in human medicine, whereas only a few cases of concurrent endocrine neoplasias have been reported in dogs and cats. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of concurrent endocrine neoplasias in dogs and cats at our clinic, identify possible breed and sex predispositions and investigate similarities with MEN syndromes in humans. Postmortem reports of 951 dogs and 1155 cats that died or were euthanased at the Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, University of Zurich, between 2004 and 2014 were reviewed, and animals with at least two concurrent endocrine neoplasias and/or hyperplasias were included. Twenty dogs and 15 cats met the inclusion criteria. In dogs, the adrenal glands were most commonly affected. Multiple tumours affecting the adrenal glands and the association of these tumours with pituitary adenomas were the most common tumour combinations. Only one dog had a combination resembling human MEN type 1 syndrome (pituitary adenoma and insulinoma). In cats, the thyroid glands were most commonly affected and there were no similarities to human MEN syndromes. The prevalence of concurrent endocrine neoplasia was 2.1 per cent in dogs and 1.3 per cent in cats and MEN‐like syndromes are very rare in these species.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0042-4900 , 2042-7670
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1136/vr.104199
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2106609-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2919192-0
    SSG: 22
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  • 3
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    Clinical features and long‐term management of cats with primary hypoadrenocorticism using desoxycorticosterone pivalate and prednisolone
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine Vol. 37, No. 2 ( 2023-03), p. 420-427
    Details
    In: Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Wiley, Vol. 37, No. 2 ( 2023-03), p. 420-427
    Abstract: Primary hypoadrenocorticism (PH) is rare in cats and knowledge about treatment is sparse. Objective To describe cats with PH with a focus on long‐term treatment. Animals Eleven cats with naturally occurring PH. Methods Descriptive case series with data on signalment, clinicopathological findings, adrenal width, and doses of desoxycorticosterone pivalate (DOCP) and prednisolone during a follow‐up period of 〉 12 months. Results Cats ranged from 2 to 10 years (median 6.5); 6 cats were British Shorthair. Most common signs were reduced general condition and lethargy, anorexia, dehydration, obstipation, weakness, weight loss, and hypothermia. Adrenal glands on ultrasonography were judged small in 6. Eight cats could be followed for 14 to 70 months (median: 28). Two were started on DOCP doses ≥2.2 mg/kg (2.2; 2.5) and 6  〈  2.2 mg/kg (1.5‐2.0 mg/kg, median 1.8) q28 days. Both high‐dose cats and 4 low‐dose cats needed a dose increase. Desoxycorticosterone pivalate and prednisolone doses at the end of the follow‐up period were 1.3 to 3.0 mg/kg (median: 2.3) and 0.08 to 0.5 mg/kg/day (median: 0.3), respectively. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Desoxycorticosterone pivalate and prednisolone requirements in cats were higher than what is currently used in dogs; thus, a DOCP starting dose of 2.2 mg/kg q28 days and a prednisolone maintenance dose of 0.3 mg/kg/day titrated to the individual need seems warranted. Small adrenal glands (width  〈  2.7 mm) on ultrasonography in a cat suspected of hypoadrenocorticism can be suggestive of the disease. The apparent predilection of British Shorthaired cats for PH should be further evaluated.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0891-6640 , 1939-1676
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jvim.v37.2
    DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16658
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2177690-8
    SSG: 22
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  • 4
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    Effect of trilostane on serum concentrations of aldosterone, cortisol, and potassium in dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism
    American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) ; 2004
    In:  American Journal of Veterinary Research Vol. 65, No. 9 ( 2004-09-01), p. 1245-1250
    Details
    In: American Journal of Veterinary Research, American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA), Vol. 65, No. 9 ( 2004-09-01), p. 1245-1250
    Abstract: Objective —To evaluate the effect of trilostane on serum concentrations of aldosterone, cortisol, and potassium in dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH), compare the degree of reduction of aldosterone with that of cortisol, and compare aldosterone concentrations of healthy dogs with those of dogs with PDH. Animals —17 dogs with PDH and 12 healthy dogs. Procedure —For dogs with PDH, the initial dose of trilostane was selected in accordance with body weight. A CBC count, serum biochemical analyses, and ACTH stimulation tests were performed in each dog. Dogs were evaluated 1, 3 to 4, 6 to 8, and 10 to 12 weeks after initiation of treatment. Healthy dogs were evaluated only once. Results —Serum aldosterone concentrations before ACTH stimulation did not change significantly after initiation of treatment with trilostane. At each evaluation after initiation of treatment, serum aldosterone concentrations after ACTH stimulation were significantly lower than corresponding concentrations before initiation of treatment. The overall effect of trilostane on serum aldosterone concentration was less pronounced than the effect on serum cortisol concentration. Median potassium concentrations increased slightly after initiation of treatment with trilostane. Dogs with PDH had significantly higher serum aldo sterone concentrations before and after ACTH stimulation than healthy dogs. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance —Treatment with trilostane resulted in a reduction in serum cortisol and aldosterone concentrations in dogs with PDH, although the decrease for serum aldosterone concentration was smaller than that for serum cortisol concentration. There was no correlation between serum concentrations of aldosterone and potassium during treatment. ( Am J Vet Res 2004;65:1245–1250)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0002-9645
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.2004.65.1245
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)
    Publication Date: 2004
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2056942-7
    SSG: 22
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  • 5
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    Results of clinical examinations, laboratory tests, and ultrasonography in dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism treated with trilostane
    American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) ; 2002
    In:  American Journal of Veterinary Research Vol. 63, No. 4 ( 2002-04-01), p. 506-512
    Details
    In: American Journal of Veterinary Research, American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA), Vol. 63, No. 4 ( 2002-04-01), p. 506-512
    Abstract: Objective —To determine the efficacy of trilostane, a 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitor, in dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH). Animals —11 dogs with PDH. Procedure —The initial dose of trilostane was 30 mg, PO, q 24 h for dogs that weighed 〈 5 kg and 60 mg, PO, q 24 h for dogs that weighed ≥ 5 kg. A CBC count, serum biochemical analyses, urinalysis, ACTH stimulation test, and ultrasonographic evaluation of the adrenal glands were performed in each dog 1, 3 to 4, 6 to 7, 12 to 16, and 24 to 28 weeks after initiation of treatment. Results —All dogs responded well to treatment. All had reductions in polyuria-polydipsia and panting and an increase in activity. Polyphagia decreased in 9 of 10 dogs, and 9 of 11 dogs had improvement of coat quality and skin condition. Concentration of cortisol after ACTH stimulation significantly decreased by 1 week after initiation of treatment. After treatment for 6 months, clinical signs resolved in 9 dogs. In the other 2 dogs, marked clinical improvement was reported for 1 dog, and moderate improvement was reported in the other dog. Ultrasonographically, there was a considerable change in the parenchyma and an increase in size of the adrenal glands. Adverse effects consisted of 1 dog with transient lethargy and 1 dog with anorexia. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance —Trilostane is an efficacious and safe medication for treatment of dogs with PDH. Additional studies in a larger group of dogs and characterization of progressive changes in adrenal glands are needed. ( Am J Vet Res 2002;63:506–512).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0002-9645
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.2002.63.506
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2056942-7
    SSG: 22
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  • 6
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    Transdermal application of methimazole in hyperthyroid cats: a long-term follow-up study
    SAGE Publications ; 2014
    In:  Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Vol. 16, No. 6 ( 2014-06), p. 453-459
    Details
    In: Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, SAGE Publications, Vol. 16, No. 6 ( 2014-06), p. 453-459
    Abstract: Transdermal methimazole is suggested as an alternative to oral therapy for hyperthyroid cats that are difficult to pill. However, no information on long-term management with this treatment is available. Our objective was therefore to retrospectively evaluate the efficacy and safety of long-term transdermal methimazole treatment in hyperthyroid cats. Sixty cats with newly diagnosed hyperthyroidism and available long-term follow-up information were included. Methimazole was formulated in a pluronic lecithin organogel-based vehicle and was applied to the pinna of the inner ear. Cats were re-evaluated at regular intervals. Median (range) follow-up was 22.6 months (3.6–88.4 months). Clinical improvement was observed in all cats and side effects were rare (mild transient gastrointestinal signs: n = 3; erythema of the pinna: n = 2, necessitating a switch to oral medication). Despite a significant decrease, with median T4 concentrations within the reference interval during the follow-up period, several cats repeatedly had T4 concentrations in the thyrotoxic and hypothyroid range. Maximal and minimal daily doses during the follow-up period were 15.0 and 1.0 mg, respectively; they were significantly higher than the starting dose after 24–36 months of therapy. Although the majority of owners were highly satisfied with the treatment, several admitted not treating their cat regularly. Transdermal methimazole is a safe option for the long-term management of feline hyperthyroidism. However, it seems difficult to keep the T4 concentrations constantly within the reference interval. Higher doses can be expected after prolonged treatment and, despite the convenience of transdermal application, owner compliance should be assessed regularly.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1098-612X , 1532-2750
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1098612X13509808
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2049047-1
    SSG: 22
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  • 7
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    Prevalence, Risk Factor Analysis, and Follow-Up of Infections Caused by Three Feline Hemoplasma Species in Cats in Switzerland
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2006
    In:  Journal of Clinical Microbiology Vol. 44, No. 3 ( 2006-03), p. 961-969
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 44, No. 3 ( 2006-03), p. 961-969
    Abstract: Recently, a third novel feline hemotropic Mycoplasma sp. (aka hemoplasma), “ Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis,” in a cat with hemolytic anemia has been described. This is the first study to investigate the prevalence, clinical manifestations, and risk factors for all three feline hemoplasma infections in a sample of 713 healthy and ill Swiss cats using newly designed quantitative real-time PCR assays. “ Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum” infection was detected in 7.0% and 8.7% and Mycoplasma haemofelis was detected in 2.3% and 0.2% of healthy and ill cats, respectively. “ Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis” was only detected in six ill cats (1.1%); three of them were coinfected with “ Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum.” The 16S rRNA gene sequence of 12 Swiss hemoplasma isolates revealed 〉 98% similarity with previously published sequences. Hemoplasma infection was associated with male gender, outdoor access, and old age but not with retrovirus infection and was more frequent in certain areas of Switzerland. “ Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum”-infected ill cats were more frequently diagnosed with renal insufficiency and exhibited higher renal blood parameters than uninfected ill cats. No correlation between hemoplasma load and packed cell volume was found, although several hemoplasma-infected cats, some coinfected with feline immunodeficiency virus or feline leukemia virus, showed hemolytic anemia. High M. haemofelis loads ( 〉 9 × 10 5 copies/ml blood) seem to lead to anemia in acutely infected cats but not in recovered long-term carriers. A repeated evaluation of 17 cats documented that the infection was acquired in one case by blood transfusion and that there were important differences among species regarding whether or not antibiotic administration led to the resolution of bacteremia.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0095-1137 , 1098-660X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JCM.44.3.961-969.2006
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498353-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
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    Epidermal dysplasia and Malassezia infection in two West Highland White Terrier siblings: an inherited skin disorder or reaction to severe Malassezia infection?
    Wiley ; 2001
    In:  Veterinary Dermatology Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2001-10), p. 285-290
    Details
    In: Veterinary Dermatology, Wiley, Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2001-10), p. 285-290
    Abstract: Two 9‐month‐old West Highland White Terrier siblings were referred to our clinic with pruritus, alopecia and lichenification. Cytological examination of Scotch™ tape strippings revealed Malassezia organisms and cocci. Skin biopsy specimens showed epidermal dysplasia. Treatment included bathing with a 2% miconazole/chlorhexidine‐containing shampoo, orally administered ketoconazole (5 mg kg −1 , every 12 h) and cloxacillin (25 mg kg −1 every 8 h). Six weeks later, the dermal infection had resolved and there was hair regrowth. However, the dogs were still moderately pruritic. Intradermal allergy testing was positive for house dust mites, storage mites and Malassezia . Immunotherapy was initiated, and treatment with ketoconazole and cloxacillin was stopped. Skin biopsies, which were performed in both dogs 4 months after the first presentation, revealed mild superficial perivascular dermatitis. The remaining mild facial pruritus was easily controlled with topical treatment. These two cases indicate that epidermal dysplasia might be an inflammatory or hypersensitivity reaction to the Malassezia infection or a result of excessive self‐trauma, rather than a congenital keratinization disorder.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0959-4493 , 1365-3164
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1046/j.0959-4493.2001.00260.x
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2001
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2011122-8
    SSG: 22
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  • 9
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    Thyroid enlargement and its relationship to clinicopathological parameters and T 4 status in suspected hyperthyroid cats
    SAGE Publications ; 2009
    In:  Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2009-04), p. 286-292
    Details
    In: Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, SAGE Publications, Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2009-04), p. 286-292
    Abstract: To relate thyroid size to routine blood parameters and T 4 status the ventral neck of 161 cats with clinical signs consistent with hyperthyroidism was examined by two independent observers using a semi-quantitative palpation system. Thyroid gland size of each side was scored from 0 (non-palpable) to a maximum of 6 ( 〉 25 mm). In 127 of the 161 cats, at least one thyroid gland was palpable. The palpation score was significantly correlated with the T 4 concentration. The 17 hyperthyroid cats had significantly higher palpation scores than the 110 euthyroid cats. Euthyroid animals with a palpation score ≥3 were significantly older, had higher body weights, lower alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, phosphate, and urine specific gravity, but higher lipase and creatinine concentrations than hyperthyroid cats. Our study demonstrates that although no reliable conclusion on the functional status of the thyroid can be drawn based on its size the likelihood of hyperthyroidism increases with increasing size of the gland.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1098-612X , 1532-2750
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jfms.2008.08.002
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2049047-1
    SSG: 22
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  • 10
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    Ultrasonography of the parathyroid glands as an aid in differentiation of acute and chronic renal failure in dogs
    American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) ; 2000
    In:  Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association Vol. 217, No. 12 ( 2000-12-15), p. 1849-1852
    Details
    In: Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA), Vol. 217, No. 12 ( 2000-12-15), p. 1849-1852
    Abstract: Objective —To evaluate whether determination of parathyroid gland size by use of ultrasonography is helpful in differentiating acute renal failure (ARF) from chronic renal failure (CRF) in dogs. Design —Prospective study. Animals —20 dogs with renal failure in which serum creatinine concentration was at least 5 times the upper reference limit. Seven dogs had ARF, and 13 dogs had CRF. Twenty-three healthy dogs were used as controls. Procedure —Dogs were positioned in dorsal recumbency for ultrasonographic examination of the ventral portion of the neck, A 10-MHz linear-array high-resolution transducer was used. The size of the parathyroid gland was determined by measuring the maximal length of the gland on the screen when it was imaged in longitudinal section. For comparison among groups, the longest linear dimension of any of the parathyroid glands of each dog was used. Results —Size of the parathyroid glands in the control dogs varied from 2.0 to 4.6 mm (median, 3.3 mm). In the dogs with ARF, gland size ranged from 2.4 to 4.0 mm (median, 2.7), which was not significantly different from controls. In dogs with CRF, the glands were more distinctly demarcated from the surrounding thyroid tissue, than those of controls and dogs with ARF. Sizes ranged from 3.9 to 8.1 mm (median, 5.7 mm), which was significantly larger, compared with controls and dogs with ARF. Conclusion and Clinical Relevance —In dogs with severe azotemia, ultrasonographic examination of the parathyroid glands was helpful in differentiating ARF from CRF. Size of the parathyroid glands appeared to be related to body weight. ( J Am Vet Med Assoc 2000;217:1849–1852)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-1488
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2460/javma.2000.217.1849
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)
    Publication Date: 2000
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2904887-4
    SSG: 22
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