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  • Kaul, Hans-Peter  (69)
  • 1
    Online Resource
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    Selenium supply affects chlorophyll concentration and biomass production of maize ( Zea mays L.)
    Walter de Gruyter GmbH ; 2018
    In:  Die Bodenkultur: Journal of Land Management, Food and Environment Vol. 69, No. 4 ( 2018-12-31), p. 249-255
    Details
    In: Die Bodenkultur: Journal of Land Management, Food and Environment, Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Vol. 69, No. 4 ( 2018-12-31), p. 249-255
    Abstract: The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of selenium (Se) on the biomass production and the contents of photosynthetically active pigments. The pot experiment included two maize genotypes: hybrid 408BC originating from Croatia and a local maize population from Kosovo. The doses of Se applied were 0, 1.30, 6.57, 13, and 26 mg kg −1 . The lowest Se dose (1.30 mg Se kg −1 ) had a positive effect on shoot and root biomass production as well as on the contents of chlorophyll b ( Chl-b ), total chlorophyll, and carotenoids (just for the hybrid). Chlorophyll a ( Chl-a ) was reduced with increasing Se doses, whereas chlorophyll b ( Chl-b ) and total chlorophyll further increased with medium Se doses. The highest Se dose strongly reduced biomass and the contents of photosynthetically active pigments. Chl-a and carotenoids positively correlated with shoot (for both genotypes) and root (for the hybrid) biomass, whereas no correlation was observed between Chl-b and biomass. Low amounts of Se application are favorable for biomass production and chlorophyll and carotenoids contents, whereas high amounts of Se application negatively affect both.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0006-5471
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2478/boku-2018-0021
    Language: English
    Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2567956-9
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  • 2
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    Dissection of drought response of modern and underutilized wheat varieties according to Passioura's yield-water framework
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2015
    In:  Frontiers in Plant Science Vol. 6 ( 2015-07-23)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Plant Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 6 ( 2015-07-23)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-462X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00570
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2687947-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2613694-6
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  • 3
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    Effect of Organic Fertilizers on Antioxidant Activity and Bioactive Compounds of Fenugreek Seeds in Intercropped Systems with Buckwheat
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Agronomy Vol. 9, No. 7 ( 2019-07-10), p. 367-
    Details
    In: Agronomy, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 7 ( 2019-07-10), p. 367-
    Abstract: Antioxidants and flavonoids are beneficial compounds used in the pharmaceutical and food industries that are derived from natural sources. A two-year field experiment was undertaken to investigate the effect of agricultural management practices on the trigonelline content, antioxidant activity measured with DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl) and FRAP (Fe+++-Reduction, Ferric reducing antioxidant power), total phenolic content, total flavonoids content, and specific flavonoid contents of fenugreek seeds. The treatments examined were sole fenugreek (Sole F) and three intercropping ratios with buckwheat (B) (F:B = 2:1, 1:1, and 1:2), each with three types of fertilizer (chemical fertilizer, integrated fertilizer, and broiler litter). The highest trigonelline content of fenugreek seeds was obtained in F:B = 2:1 fertilized with broiler litter. Compared to Sole F, the fenugreek seeds harvested in the intercropped treatments had higher antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, vitexin, isovitexin, orientin, and isoorientin. The treatment F:B = 2:1 enhanced the antioxidant activity and the content of bioactive compounds. Overall, the addition of organic manure to fenugreek seeds was highly effective at promoting all compounds analyzed in both the sole and the intercrop systems. Our study found that harvested fenugreek seeds from plants that were intercropped with buckwheat and with the application of organic fertilizer enhanced the seed content of antioxidants and flavonoids.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4395
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agronomy9070367
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2607043-1
    SSG: 23
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  • 4
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    On the Importance of Soybean Seed P for Shoot P Uptake before Anthesis
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Agronomy Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2021-06-17), p. 1233-
    Details
    In: Agronomy, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2021-06-17), p. 1233-
    Abstract: Phosphorus (P) is an important macronutrient required for crop growth but a finite resource in agriculture. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of soybean seed size and seed P content on growth and P accumulation up to anthesis (30–40 DAP). Pot experiments were carried out in a greenhouse with 15 soybean genotypes of different seed size (TKW 146–304 g) and with two substrates differing in plant available P, i.e., low P (LP) at 6.17 mg kg−1 vs. high P (HP) at 68.12 mg kg−1 CAL-P. The observations included measurements of seed and shoot dry matter and P concentrations as well as root characteristics. In the case of LP, shoot P accumulation relied, to a large degree, on seed P reserves during the vegetative growth period. In the case of HP, however, the role of seed P is negligible with regard to absolute P uptake. Yet, a very close linear relationship between seed P and shoot P uptake was also confirmed at HP. Some genotypes reacted more positively than others on HP in biomass production and P uptake, but none of the selected genotypes showed an outstanding biomass production or P uptake under LP. Total root length or root surface area of soybean did not explain differences in P uptake between genotypes at either P supply level. Overall, no substantial genotypic differences were observed in P use efficiency under P deficiency apart from the effect of seed P reserves. We conclude that seed size can be considered an important trait when screening genotypes for fast early P accumulation and growth.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4395
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agronomy11061233
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2607043-1
    SSG: 23
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  • 5
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    Common Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) Causes Severe Yield Losses in Soybean and Impairs Bradyrhizobium japonicum Infection
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Agronomy Vol. 11, No. 8 ( 2021-08-14), p. 1616-
    Details
    In: Agronomy, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 8 ( 2021-08-14), p. 1616-
    Abstract: Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. (Asteraceae), known as common ragweed, is an annual herbaceous species native to North America that has become one of the most economically important weeds in arable fields throughout Central Europe. Its large ecological amplitude enables the species to become established in several types of environments, and management options to effectively contain its spread are limited due to a lack of efficacy, high cost, or lack of awareness. In the last decade, in particular, soybean fields have been severely affected by common ragweed invasion. However, until now, information on the yield-decreasing effects of the plant has been scarce. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the competition effects of common ragweed on (1) soybean growth (aboveground/belowground), (2) the yield of two different soybean cultivars, and (3) the nodulation potential. Based on a greenhouse and biennial field trial, we found that in plots with the highest common ragweed biomass, the soybean yield loss accounted for 84% compared to the weed-free control, on average. The number of nodules, in addition to the mean nodule weight, which are tightly correlated with soybean yield, were significantly reduced by the presence of common ragweed. Just one common ragweed plant per square meter reduced the number of nodules by 56%, and consequently led to a decrease in yield of 18%. Although it has been reported that the genus Ambrosia produces and releases several types of secondary metabolites, little is known about the influence of these chemical compounds on soybean growth and nodulation. Thus, there is substantial need for research to understand the mechanisms behind the interaction between common ragweed and soybean, with a view to finding new approaches for improved common ragweed control, thereby protecting soybean and other crops against substantial yield losses.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4395
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agronomy11081616
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2607043-1
    SSG: 23
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  • 6
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    Sustainability Estimation of Oat:Pea Intercrops from the Agricultural Life Cycle Assessment Perspective
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Agronomy Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2021-11-29), p. 2433-
    Details
    In: Agronomy, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2021-11-29), p. 2433-
    Abstract: Winter cereal:legume intercropping is considered a sustainable arable farming system not only in temperate regions but also in Mediterranean environments. Previous studies have shown that with suitable crop stand composition, high grain yield can be achieved. In this study, a life cycle assessment (LCA) of the influence of sowing ratio and nitrogen (N) fertilization on grain nitrogen yield of oat (Avena sativa L.) and pea (Pisum sativum L.) in intercrops was performed to find the optimal design to achieve low environmental impact. This study compared the environmental impact of oat:pea intercrops using agricultural LCA. Monocrops of oat and pea and substitutive intercrops, which were fertilized with different levels of N, were compared. The system boundaries included all the processes from cradle to farm gate. Mass-based (grain N yield) and area-based (land demand for generating the same grain N yield) functional units were used. The results covered the impact categories related to the agricultural LCAs. The ReCiPe 2016 Midpoint and Endpoint characterization model was used for the data expression. According to the results, an unfertilized combination of oat and pea (50%:50%) had the lowest environmental impact in comparison with the other 14 assessed variants and selected impact categories. In the assessed framework, pea monocrops or intensively fertilized oat monocrops can also be considered as alternatives with relatively low impact on the environment. However, an appropriate grain N yield must be reached to balance the environmental impact resulting from the fertilizer inputs. The production and use of fertilizers had the greatest impact on the environment within the impact categories climate change, eutrophication, and ecotoxicity. The results indicated that high fertilizer inputs did not necessarily cause the highest environmental impact. In this respect, the achieved grain N yield level, the choice of allocation approach, the functional unit, and the data expression approach played dominant roles.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4395
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agronomy11122433
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2607043-1
    SSG: 23
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  • 7
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    Didymella pinodes Affects N and P Uptakes and Their Efficiencies in a Tripartite Mutualism of Pea
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Agronomy Vol. 9, No. 2 ( 2019-01-26), p. 52-
    Details
    In: Agronomy, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 2 ( 2019-01-26), p. 52-
    Abstract: In pea (Pisum sativum L.) production, Didymella pinodes (Berk. & A. Bloxam) Petr. is the most damaging aerial pathogen globally. In two completely randomized pot experiments with four replicates, we studied the effects of D. pinodes infection interaction with three symbiotic treatments (Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and co-inoculation of both) and a non-symbiotic control on one or two pea cultivars. Grain yield and yield components of pea, uptakes and physiological efficiencies of N and P and nitrogen fixation were recorded. The results show that there were significant interaction effects among treatments. Therefore, productivity of crops and their uptakes and efficiencies of N and P are dependent on plant health conditions, effectiveness of microbial symbionts and response of pea genotypes. For cv. Protecta inoculated with both symbionts, pathogen infection compared to healthy plants significantly enhanced P acquisition. Overall, plants inoculated with rhizobia alone had higher grain yield by 20–30% and nitrogen fixation by 20–25% than in dual symbiosis independent of plant health conditions. In conclusion, aerial pathogen, pea genotypes and microbial symbionts interactions modified N and P uptake and their efficiencies, which can lead to improving final grain yield quantity and quality in a sustainable farming system.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4395
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agronomy9020052
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2607043-1
    SSG: 23
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  • 8
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    Talking Different Languages: The Role of Plant–Plant Communication When an Invader Beats up a Strange Neighborhood
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Plants Vol. 12, No. 18 ( 2023-09-18), p. 3298-
    Details
    In: Plants, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 18 ( 2023-09-18), p. 3298-
    Abstract: Communication through airborne volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and root exudates plays a vital role in the multifarious interactions of plants. Common ragweed (Ambrosia artemesiifolia L.) is one of the most troublesome invasive alien species in agriculture. Below- and aboveground chemical interactions of ragweed with crops might be an important factor in the invasive species’ success in agriculture. In laboratory experiments, we investigated the contribution of intra- and interspecific airborne VOCs and root exudates of ragweed to its competitiveness. Wheat, soybean, and maize were exposed to VOCs emitted from ragweed and vice versa, and the adaptation response was measured through plant morphological and physiological traits. We observed significant changes in plant traits of crops in response to ragweed VOCs, characterized by lower biomass production, lower specific leaf area, or higher chlorophyll contents. After exposure to ragweed VOCs, soybean and wheat produced significantly less aboveground dry mass, whereas maize did not. Ragweed remained unaffected when exposed to VOCs from the crops or a conspecific. All crops and ragweed significantly avoided root growth toward the root exudates of ragweed. The study shows that the plant response to either above- or belowground chemical cues is highly dependent on the identity of the neighbor, pointing out the complexity of plant–plant communication in plant communities.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2223-7747
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/plants12183298
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704341-1
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  • 9
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    Effect of tillage systems on energy input and energy efficiency for sugar beet and soybean under Pannonian climate conditions
    Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences ; 2021
    In:  Plant, Soil and Environment Vol. 67, No. 3 ( 2021-3-31), p. 137-146
    Details
    In: Plant, Soil and Environment, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Vol. 67, No. 3 ( 2021-3-31), p. 137-146
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1214-1178 , 1805-9368
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.17221/615/2020-PSE
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2145229-5
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  • 10
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    Baustelle für mehr Gerechtigkeit
    Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH ; 2004
    In:  Vereinte Nationen Vol. 52, No. 4 ( 2004), p. 141-149
    Details
    In: Vereinte Nationen, Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Vol. 52, No. 4 ( 2004), p. 141-149
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0042-384X
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5771/0042-384X-2004-4
    DOI: 10.5771/0042-384X-2004-4-141
    RVK:
    PR 1000
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH
    Publication Date: 2004
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2216129-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 207078-9
    SSG: 3,6
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