Ihre E-Mail wurde erfolgreich gesendet. Bitte prüfen Sie Ihren Maileingang.

Leider ist ein Fehler beim E-Mail-Versand aufgetreten. Bitte versuchen Sie es erneut.

Vorgang fortführen?

Exportieren
  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [S.l.] : SSRN
    UID:
    (DE-627)1781160511
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (56 p)
    Inhalt: Administrative agencies frequently use guidance documents to set policy broadly and prospectively, in areas ranging from Education Department Title IX enforcement to FDA regulation of direct-to-consumer pharmaceutical advertising. In form, these guidances closely resemble those agencies issue in ordinary notice-and-comment rules, although guidances generally are developed with little participation and are often immune from judicial review. Nonetheless, guidances can evoke significant changes in behavior from those the agencies regulate. A number of commentators have guardedly defended the current state of affairs. Though they lack some important procedural safeguards, these documents can help agencies supervise low-level employees and supply valuable information to regulated entities regarding how an agency will implement a program. Thus far, however, this debate on administrative process has largely ignored the distinct and substantial interests of regulatory beneficiaries. These are people who expect to benefit from government regulation of others, such as pharmaceutical consumers, environmental users, and workers who seek safe workplaces. When agencies make policy informally, these regulatory beneficiaries suffer particular losses to their ability to participate in the agency's decision and to invoke judicial review. The article accordingly argues that when regulatory beneficiary interests are considered, the case for procedural reform of guidance documents is considerably stronger. The article then overviews some possible solutions
    Anmerkung: Nach Informationen von SSRN wurde die ursprüngliche Fassung des Dokuments February 1, 2006 erstellt
    Sprache: Englisch
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [S.l.] : SSRN
    UID:
    (DE-627)1781798990
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource
    Inhalt: Some commentators defend limited shareholder liability for torts and statutory violations as efficient, even though it permits corporations to externalize the costs of risky activity and encourages overinvestment in such activity. Others propose its replacement with pro rata unlimited shareholder liability for corporate torts. Both approaches, however, fail fully to account for qualitative differences among shareholders. Control shareholders, in particular, may have lower information costs, greater influence over managerial decisionmaking, and greater ability to benefit from corporate activity.The paper develops a control-based approach to shareholder liability. It first explores several ways in which differences among shareholders affect the efficiency of shareholder liability rules. For example, a control shareholder can more easily curb managerial risk-aversion and consequently, the presence of such a shareholder will prompt a company to externalize more costs. Further, because a control shareholder can obtain special benefits from corporate activity, the imposition of pro rata liability for tort judgments exceeding corporate assets likely will not fully deter overinvestment in risky activities. The paper then proposes the concept of a control-based shareholder liability regime, which would hold shareholders with a capacity to control corporate activity fully responsible for corporate torts and statutory violations. When compared with the limited liability and pro rata liability regimes, a control-based liability regime is most likely to compel corporations to internalize their costs and to ensure compensation for injured corporate tort plaintiffs. The regime is not without disadvantages. For example, it could overdeter some socially beneficial activities for which insurance is unavailable. Definitively resolving the relative size of such effects requires further empirical investigation of issues such as the significance of litigation and information costs and the value attributable to corporate control. Nonetheless, because a control-based liability regime more explicitly addresses shareholder differences and appears most likely to address limited liability's moral hazard, the paper concludes that such a regime offers a promising alternative
    Anmerkung: In: Columbia Law Review, Vol. 102, 2002 , Volltext nicht verfügbar
    Sprache: Unbestimmte Sprache
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 3
    UID:
    (DE-627)1836222874
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (32 p)
    Inhalt: Several scholars, most recently and extensively Kevin Stack of Vanderbilt, have argued that statutes authorizing action by the “Secretary” or “Administrator,” without mention of the President, are properly read to deprive the President of directive authority over those executive officials’ decisions. Some have argued that reading delegations to a “Secretary or “Administrator” to authorize direction by the President would detrimentally affect an agency official’s willingness to resist presidential pressure, even though it would not affect the President’s formal power to remove the official. This short symposium essay responds by presenting more detailed evidence on several aspects of the interpretive question. It argues, consistently with the 2001 position of then-professor, now Justice, Elena Kagan, that outside of independent agencies, the choice of terminology does not communicate any particular congressional intent regarding presidential directive authority, at least with respect to executive branch agencies. Instead, a statutory delegation to the President, rather than to a “Secretary” or “Administrator,” seems best understood as Congress conveying the power to the President to choose which executive branch official will be primarily responsible for implementing that delegation, and delegations to the “Secretary” or “Administrator” as restricting that choice. The essay then comments that the interpretive question may not make that much difference to agency resistance to presidential supervision. It concludes with some observations on the normative debate over presidential control of executive agency decision making and calls for greater disclosure of the content of that control
    Anmerkung: In: Fordham Law Review, Vol. 79, No. 6, pp. 2455-2485, May 2011 , Nach Informationen von SSRN wurde die ursprüngliche Fassung des Dokuments June 1, 2011 erstellt
    Sprache: Englisch
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Berlin : Fachinformationsdienst für internationale und interdisziplinäre Rechtsforschung Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz
    UID:
    (DE-101)1306666651
    Umfang: Online-Ressource
    Anmerkung: In: Verfassungsblog: On Matters Constitutional - ISSN 2366-7044
    Sprache: Englisch
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 5
    UID:
    (DE-627)1625996551
    ISSN: 0012-7086
    In: Duke law journal, Durham, NC, 1959, 57(2008), 7, Seite 2157-2175, 0012-7086
    In: volume:57
    In: year:2008
    In: number:7
    In: pages:2157-2175
    Sprache: Englisch
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 6
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [S.l.] : SSRN
    UID:
    (DE-627)1781330484
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource
    Inhalt: The United States' presidential transition period is too long. Scholarship to date has focused primarily on the difficulties raised by an outgoing president's quot;midnight rulemakingquot; and related actions during the transition period. This brief essay suggests refocusing the discussion upon the actions of the incoming president-elect during the transition period. While the president-elect is currently devoid of formal responsibility, the essay suggests that increasing the president-elect's authority would increase the legitimacy of executive branch actions by increasing both the branch's responsiveness and accountability to voters. The essay briefly lays out three potential options for empowering the president-elect. It overviews potential constitutional objections, including under the Twentieth Amendment, and concludes that for at least some of the options, objections may be surmountable. It concludes that requiring the concurrence of the president-elect or her designate in significant administrative agency decisions would be helpful and is clearly worth further investigation
    Anmerkung: In: Northwestern University Law Review Colloquy, Forthcoming , Nach Informationen von SSRN wurde die ursprüngliche Fassung des Dokuments March 12, 2009 erstellt
    Sprache: Unbestimmte Sprache
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 7
    UID:
    (DE-627)1835307779
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (101 p)
    Inhalt: This paper examines executive branch agency actions that seek to entrench people or policies just before a new president takes office, such as midnight rulemaking and late-term hiring and promotion. Congress and the media have portrayed such activities as amounting to unsavory power grabs. More specifically, late-term entrenchment appears aimed at undermining the newly-elected president's potential control. That seems to raise particular concerns, given recent reliance in commentary upon presidential control of agencies as a source both of democratic credentials and of accountability. The implication seems to be that agency burrowing is antidemocratic and more generally undermines the legitimacy of the adminstrative state. The paper argues, however, that despite its costs for the incoming president, agency burrowing should not be dismissed out-of-hand. For example, the use of rulemaking to entrench policy can result in agencies more often publicly developing decision criteria that are binding, enhancing agency accountability and the "rule of law." Moreover, late-term rulemaking can effectively place an issue on the public agenda and crystallize the issue for public debate. That public debate can in turn inform the ultimate agency decision, making it more democratically responsive. The presence of entrenched personnel also may ensure that agency decisionmakers consider a fuller range of electoral views; such personnel also may monitor others in the agency for abuse or misconduct. Informed by this analysis, the paper argues for a more nuanced approach to agency burrowing, as well as for a more nuanced approach to assessing presidential contributions to the administrative state's legitimacy. Maximum presidential oversight may be insufficient to assure agency accountability and democratic responsiveness. Rather than focusing centrally on a formal president-agency relationship, we may wish to give greater attention to more functional means of assuring agency legitimacy, such as encouraging greater monitoring; more public dialogue on issues before agencies; and more administrative commitments to decision criteria. Investing in these mechanisms may be worthwhile even if it comes with a cost to presidential control
    Anmerkung: In: New York University Law Review, Vol. 78
    Sprache: Englisch
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 8
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Berlin : Fachinformationsdienst für internationale und interdisziplinäre Rechtsforschung Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz
    UID:
    (DE-603)513093966
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource
    Anmerkung: In: Verfassungsblog: On Matters Constitutional - ISSN 2366-7044
    Sprache: Englisch
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 9
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Berlin : Fachinformationsdienst für internationale und interdisziplinäre Rechtsforschung Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz
    UID:
    (DE-627)1869807901
    Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource
    Anmerkung: In: Verfassungsblog: On Matters Constitutional - ISSN 2366-7044
    Sprache: Englisch
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 10
    UID:
    (DE-627)1004104782
    In: Mendelssohn Bartholdy, Felix, Felix Mendelssohn, Berühmte Klavierwerke, , 7
    In: number:7
    Sprache: Unbestimmte Sprache
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
Schließen ⊗
Diese Webseite nutzt Cookies und das Analyse-Tool Matomo. Weitere Informationen finden Sie auf den KOBV Seiten zum Datenschutz