UID:
kobvindex_GFZ36867147X
Format:
XVI, 421 S.
,
Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
,
25cm
Edition:
8. ed.
ISBN:
0415271711 (pbk.)
,
0415271703
Note:
Contents:
Preface to the eighth edition. -
Acknowledgements. -
1 INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY OF METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY. -
A The atmosphere. -
B Solar energy. -
C Global circulation. -
D Climatology. -
E Mid-latitude disturbances. -
F Tropical weather. -
G Palaeoclimates. -
H The global climate system. -
2 ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION, MASS AND STRUCTURE. -
A Composition of the atmosphere. -
1 Primary gases. -
2 Greenhouse gases. -
3 Reactive gas species. -
4 Aerosols. -
5 Variations with height. -
6 Variations with latitude and season. -
7 Variations with time. -
B Mass of the atmosphere. -
1 Total pressure. -
2 Vapour pressure
C The layering of the atmosphere. -
1 Troposphere. -
2 Stratosphere. -
3 Mesosphere. -
4 Thermosphere. -
5 Exosphere and magnetosphere. -
3 SOLAR RADIATION AND THE GLOBAL ENERGY BUDGET. -
A Solar radiation. -
1 Solar output. -
2 Distance from the sun. -
3 Altitude of the sun. -
4 Length of day. -
B Surface receipt of solar radiation and its effects. -
1 Energy transfer within the earth-atmosphere system. -
2 Effect of the atmosphere. -
3 Effect of cloud cover. -
4 Effect of latitude. -
5 Effect ofland and sea. -
6 Effect of elevation and aspect. -
7 Variation of free-air temperature with height. -
C Terrestrial infra-red radiation and the greenhouse effect. -
D Heat budget of the earth. -
E Atmospheric energy and horizontal heat transport. -
1 The horizontal transport of heat. -
2 Spatial pattern of the heat budget components. -
4 ATMOSPHERIC MOISTURE BUDGET. -
A The global hydrological cycle. -
B Humidity. -
1 Moisture content. -
2 Moisture transport. -
C Evaporation. -
D Condensation. -
E Precipitation characteristics and measurement. -
1 Forms of precipitation. -
2 Precipitation characteristics. -
a Rainfall intensity. -
b Areal extent of a rainstorm. -
c Frequency of rainstorms. -
3 The world pattern of precipitation. -
4 Regional variations in the altitudinal maximum of precipitation. -
5 Drought. -
5 ATMOSPHERIC INSTABILITY, CLOUD FORMATION AND PRECIPITATION PROCESSES. -
A Adiabatic temperature changes. -
B Condensation level. -
C Air stability and instability. -
D Cloud formation. -
1 Condensation nuclei. -
2 Cloud types. -
3 Global cloud cover. -
E Formation of precipitation. -
1 Bergeron-Findeisen theory. -
2 Coalescence theories. -
3 Solid precipitation. -
F Precipitation types. -
1 'Convective type' precipitation. -
2 'Cyclonic type' precipitation. -
3 Orographic precipitation. -
G Thunderstorms. -
1 Development. -
2 Cloud electrification and lightning. -
6 ATMOSPHERIC MOTION: PRINCIPLES. -
A Laws of horizontal motion. -
1 The pressure-gradient force. -
2 The earth's rotational deflective (Coriolis) force. -
3 The geostrophic wind. -
4 The centripetal acceleration. -
5 Frictional forces and the planetary boundary layer. -
B Divergence, vertical motion and vorticity. -
1 Divergence. -
2 Vertical motion. -
3 Vorticity. -
C Local winds. -
1 Mountain and valley winds. -
2 Land and sea breezes. -
3 Winds due to topographic barriers. -
7 PLANETARY-SCALE MOTIONS IN THE ATMOSPHERE AND OCEAN. -
A Variation of pressure and wind velocity with height. -
1 The vertical variation of pressure systems. -
2 Mean upper-air patterns. -
3 Upper wind conditions. -
4 Surface pressure conditions. -
B The global wind belts. -
1 The trade winds. -
2 The equatorial westerlies. -
3 The mid-latitude (Ferrel) westerlies. -
4 The polar easterlies. -
C The general circulation. -
1 Circulations in the vertical and horizontal planes. -
2 Variations in the circulation of the northern hemisphere. -
a Zonal index variations. -
b North Atlantic Oscillation. -
D Ocean structure and circulation. -
1 Above the thermocline. -
a Vertical. -
b Horizontal. -
2 Deep ocean water interactions. -
a Upwelling. -
b Deep ocean circulation. -
3 The oceans and atmospheric regulation. -
8 NUMERICAL MODELS OF THE GENERAL CIRCULATION, CLIMATE AND WEATHER PREDICTION / T. N. Chase and R. G. Barry. -
A Fundamentals of the GCM. -
B Model simulations. -
1 GCMs. -
2 Simpler models. -
3 Regional models. -
C Data sources for forecasting. -
D Numerical weather prediction. -
1 Short- and medium-range forecasting. -
2 'Nowcasting'. -
3 Long-range outlooks. -
9 MID-LATITUDE SYNOPTIC AND MESOSCALE SYSTEMS. -
A The airmass concept. -
B Nature of the source area. -
1 Cold airmasses. -
2 Warm airmasses. -
C Airmass modification. -
1 Mechanisms of modification. -
a Thermodynamic changes. -
b Dynamic changes. -
2 The results of modification: secondary airmasses. -
a Cold air. -
b Warm air. -
3 The age of the airmass. -
D Frontogenesis. -
1 Frontal waves. -
2 The frontal-wave depression. -
E Frontal characteristics. -
1 The warm front. -
2 The cold front. -
3 The occlusion. -
4 Frontal-wave families. -
F Zones of wave development and frontogenesis. -
G Surface/upper-air relationships and the formation of frontal cyclones. -
H Non-frontal depressions. -
1 The lee cyclone. -
2 The thermal low. -
3 Polar air depressions. -
4 The cold low. -
I Mesoscale convective systems. -
10 WEATHER AND CLIMATE IN MIDDLE AND HIGH LATITUDES. -
A Europe. -
1 Pressure and wind conditions. -
2 Oceanicity and continentality. -
3 British airflow patterns and their climatic characteristics. -
4 Singularities and natural seasons. -
5 Synoptic anomalies. -
6 Topographic effects. -
B North America. -
1 Pressure systems. -
2 The temperate west coast and Cordillera. -
3 Interior and eastern North America. -
a Continental and oceanic influences. -
b Warm and cold spells. -
c Precipitation and the moisture balance. -
C The subtropical margins. -
1 The semi-arid southwestern United States. -
2 The interior southeastern United States. -
3 The Mediterranean. -
4 North Africa. -
5 Australasia. -
D High latitudes. -
1 The southern westerlies. -
2 The sub-Arctic. -
3 The polar regions. -
a The Arctic. -
b Antarctica. -
11 TROPICAL WEATHER AND CLIMATE. -
A The intertropical convergence. -
B Tropical disturbances. -
1 Wave disturbances. -
2 Cyclones. -
a Hurricanes and typhoons. -
b Other tropical disturbances. -
3 Tropical cloud clusters. -
C The Asian monsoon. -
1 Winter. -
2 Spring. -
3 Early summer. -
4 Summer. -
5 Autumn. -
D East Asian and Australian summer monsoons. -
E Central and southern Africa. -
1 The African monsoon. -
2 Southern Africa. -
F Amazonia. -
G El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. -
1 The Pacific Ocean. -
2 Teleconnections. -
H Other sources of climatic variations in the tropics. -
1 Cool ocean currents. -
2 Topographic effects. -
3 Diurnal variations. -
I Forecasting tropical weather. -
1 Short- and extended-range forecasts. -
2 Long-range forecasts. -
12 BOUNDARY LAYER CLIMATES. -
A Surface energy budgets. -
B Non-vegetated natural surfaces. -
1 Rock and sand. -
2 Water. -
3 Snow and ice
C Vegetated surfaces. -
1 Short green crops. -
2 Forests. -
a Modification of energy transfers. -
b Modification of airflow. -
c Modification of the humidity environment. -
d Modification of the thermal environment. -
D Urban surfaces. -
1 Modification of atmospheric composition. -
a Aerosols. -
b Gases. -
c Pollution distribution and impacts. -
2 Modification of the heat budget. -
a Atmospheric composition. -
b Urban surfaces. -
c Human heat production. -
d Heat islands. -
3 Modification of surface characteristics. -
a Airflow. -
b Moisture. -
4 Tropical urban climates. -
13 CLIMATE CHANGE. -
A General considerations. -
B Climate forcings and feedbacks. -
1 External forcing. -
2 Short-term forcing and feedback. -
C The climatic record. -
1 The geological record. -
2 Late glacial and post-glacial conditions. -
3 The past 1000 years. -
D Possible causes of recent climatic change. -
1 Circulation changes. -
2 Energy budgets. -
3 Anthropogenic factors. -
E Model s
Language:
English
Subjects:
Physics
,
Geography
Keywords:
Lehrbuch
URL:
http://scans.hebis.de/11/44/94/11449443_toc.pdf
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