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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Absolutism, Relativism, and Universalism in Personality Traits Across Cultures: The Case of the Big Five (2022)
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    UID:
    (DE-627)1814282386
    ISSN: 1552-5422
    Content: Personality is a broad concept used to organize the myriad ways that people differ psychologically from one another. There is evidence that such differences have been important to humans everywhere, in that personality-relevant terms appear in all known languages. Empirical attempts to identify the most useful individual differences and their structure have emphasized cross-cultural evidence, but rigid adherence to a Big Five model has sometimes meant ignoring heterogenous results. We start with a framework for more precisely defining the universality versus cultural-specificity of personality concepts and models in order to better assess cross-cultural evidence. As this 50th anniversary of the IACCP is also the 50th anniversary of the first large lexical study of personality and more or less of the Big Five model, we take the opportunity to explore both how personality has been studied across contexts using the lexical method, and in 100 articles on personality topics (most using questionnaires) that were identified in the pages of JCCP. Personality articles in JCCP, classified into three types based on their balance of emic and etic components, illustrate larger trends in personality psychology. With the benefit of hindsight, we reflect on what each type has to offer going forward, and we encourage cross-cultural personality psychologists to go beyond imposed etic studies that seek primarily to confirm Western models in other contexts. The kinds of insights that more integrative emic and etic approaches can bring to the study of psychology across cultures are highlighted, and a future research agenda is provided.
    In: Journal of cross-cultural psychology, Thousand Oaks, Calif. [u.a.] : Sage, 1970, 53(2022), 7/8, Seite 935-956, 1552-5422
    In: volume:53
    In: year:2022
    In: number:7/8
    In: pages:935-956
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1177/00220221221111813
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Academic Interests and Perceived Competence in American, Japanese, and Korean Children (1999)
    Details
    UID:
    (DE-627)180988019X
    ISSN: 1552-5422
    Content: Children in Grades 2 through 5 from Korea, Japan, and the United States reported on their interests and perceived competence in a variety of academically and socially related domains and indicated their views on gender advantages in areas of interest. Comparisons by country, gender, and age were conducted. Children made many similar responses across countries. Predicted differences suggesting greater academic interests and perceived competence among children from Korea and Japan and social interests among children from Japan were only partially supported. In many cases, the responses of American and Korean children were most alike. American children generally had the highest perceived competence. Interest in words and numbers but not ideas declined with age across countries. Gender differences were common and often stronger than differences between countries or ages. Across countries, boys showed more interest and perceived competence for numbers and things, whereas girls showed more interest and perceived competence for words.
    In: Journal of cross-cultural psychology, Thousand Oaks, Calif. [u.a.] : Sage, 1970, 30(1999), 1, Seite 32-50, 1552-5422
    In: volume:30
    In: year:1999
    In: number:1
    In: pages:32-50
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1177/0022022199030001002
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Academic Status and Ethnicity as Determinants of Social Acceptance (1993)
    Details
    UID:
    (DE-627)1809877199
    ISSN: 1552-5422
    Content: How academic and ethnic considerations combine in the determination of social acceptance was assessed in a short-term longitudinal study. Most previous research suggests that the influence of these status characteristics should aggregate in an additive fashion. Potential shifts were examined in the use of these characteristics in judgments regarding social acceptance across the school year. Seventh-grade Israeli students (N = 721) entering integrated junior high schools responded at the beginning and end of the academic year to the Interpersonal Relationship Assessment Technique. Both academic standing and ethnicity influenced interpersonal acceptance consistently across the school ear, but academic considerations had markedly greater impact. The demographic overlap of these two dimensions in the student population could lead to an inflated estimate of ethnic bias. Furthermore, students tended to express less ethnic bias toward classmates of high academic status.
    In: Journal of cross-cultural psychology, Thousand Oaks, Calif. [u.a.] : Sage, 1970, 24(1993), 1, Seite 71-80, 1552-5422
    In: volume:24
    In: year:1993
    In: number:1
    In: pages:71-80
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1177/0022022193241005
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Acceptability of Favor Requests in the United States and Japan (2012)
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    UID:
    (DE-627)1809887461
    ISSN: 1552-5422
    Content: In previous research, the authors showed that Japanese and Americans would rather be asked to perform a favor than to have their friend solve the problem by asking someone else or getting it done professionally. In the current research, the authors further explore the similarities and differences in Japanese and American reactions to requests for favors by examining whether (a) increasing the size of the request can increase positive feelings, (b) the perceived closeness of the relationship and appraisals of control mediate the effect of request size on feelings, and (c) the increase in positive feelings only occurs in close friendship. In Japan and to some extent the United States, being asked a larger favor made people happier than being asked a smaller favor—up to a point. However, as in the authors’ previous study, cultural differences emerged in the basic pattern and in the associated appraisals. Results are discussed in relation to the Japanese phenomenon of Amae.
    In: Journal of cross-cultural psychology, Thousand Oaks, Calif. [u.a.] : Sage, 1970, 43(2012), 2, Seite 273-285, 1552-5422
    In: volume:43
    In: year:2012
    In: number:2
    In: pages:273-285
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1177/0022022110383426
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    The Acceptance of "Barnum" Personality Interpretations by Japanese, Japanese-American, and Caucasian American College Students (1974)
    Details
    UID:
    (DE-627)180986996X
    ISSN: 1552-5422
    Content: Native Japanese, Japanese-American, and Caucasian American students at universities in Japan and Hawaii were compared on their acceptance of Barnum personality statements. The Barnum descriptions were filled with personality clich6s and were presented to the subjects as having been interpreted by "several clinical psychologists" from the Ss' Rorschach protocols. The results indicated that all three groups were equally and highly likely to endorse these descriptions as being true of themselves even when attempts were made to control for compliance effects. The findings were discussed with reference to similar acculturation influences in terms of mass media and course content self-concept learning experiences among university students. Finally, the utility of intra-and intercultural personality assessment was considered in terms of the high base rate Barnum statement acceptance.
    In: Journal of cross-cultural psychology, Thousand Oaks, Calif. [u.a.] : Sage, 1970, 5(1974), 2, Seite 228-235, 1552-5422
    In: volume:5
    In: year:1974
    In: number:2
    In: pages:228-235
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1177/002202217400500208
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Acceptance of Society-Level and Individual-Level Preventive Measures during the COVID-19 Pandemic among College Students in Three Societies (2021)
    Details
    UID:
    (DE-627)1769974466
    ISSN: 1552-5422
    Content: Drawing from social domain theory, this study examined people’s evaluation of society-level disease-prevention regulations (e.g., school closure) and personal precautions (e.g., wearing a facemask) during the coronavirus (COVID-19) crisis, as assessed in Spring, 2020. Participants from three countries (United States [US], China, and Japan; N = 528) rated their acceptance of a range of society-level and individual-level preventive measures and then indicated their main reasons for these ratings, which were categorized as moral, societal, personal, and prudential based on social domain theory. Consistent with this theoretical framework, we found both similarities and differences across the three societies. Specifically, we found that, across the three societies, moral considerations predicted higher acceptance of society-level preventive measures, whereas personal considerations predicted lower acceptance of both society-level and individual-level preventive measures. However, a stronger link between societal considerations and higher acceptance of society-level preventive measures was found for Chinese participants than for US and Japanese participants.
    In: Journal of cross-cultural psychology, Thousand Oaks, Calif. [u.a.] : Sage, 1970, 52(2021), 7, Seite 606-621, 1552-5422
    In: volume:52
    In: year:2021
    In: number:7
    In: pages:606-621
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1177/0022022121995971
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 7
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    Accounting for Differences in Depression Stigma Between Canadian Asians and Europeans (2015)
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    UID:
    (DE-627)1809890179
    ISSN: 1552-5422
    Content: Stigma is an important barrier to recovery from depression. Individuals of Asian origin show greater levels of depression stigma compared with individuals of European origin. This study examined the mediators of the relationship between ethnicity and depression stigma in a North American context. A sample of university students, including 199 Canadian Europeans and 249 Canadian Asians, completed a variety of measures through an online study. Stigma toward an individual with depression was measured using both the Depression Attribution Questionnaire-27 and a Social Distance Scale. The perception of social norms, the belief that depression brings shame to one’s family, a social dominance orientation, and conservative values mediated the relationship between ethnicity and depression stigma with perceived norms and familial shame having the largest indirect effects. These findings are consistent with social identity theory and suggest avenues for anti-stigma interventions.
    In: Journal of cross-cultural psychology, Thousand Oaks, Calif. [u.a.] : Sage, 1970, 46(2015), 4, Seite 597-611, 1552-5422
    In: volume:46
    In: year:2015
    In: number:4
    In: pages:597-611
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1177/0022022115575076
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Acculturation, Adaptation, and Mental Health Among Ladakhi College Students: A Mixed Methods Study of an Indigenous Population (2015)
    Details
    UID:
    (DE-627)180989008X
    ISSN: 1552-5422
    Content: The Indian region of Ladakh has recently undergone comprehensive sociocultural changes through the process of acculturation. The present study employs an acculturation psychological framework to assess how two groups of Ladakhi college students navigate through different degrees of exposure to acculturation and how this affects their mental health. Using mixed methods, 292 (age: M = 20.89, SD = 1.66; 64.4% females) respondents were included in the quantitative assessment and 12 participated in semistructured interviews. Analysis revealed that students with less acculturation exposure were more oriented toward ethnic culture and to a greater extent experienced impaired mental health when compared with the sample with more acculturation. Most prevalent among the students (34.2%) was a bicultural orientation, integrating both ethnic and mainstream culture. In general, acculturation orientation was not associated with quantitative measures of depression or anxiety. The qualitative analysis revealed agency and cultural identity to be pivotal factors in the process of reproducing culture and negotiating cultural change.
    In: Journal of cross-cultural psychology, Thousand Oaks, Calif. [u.a.] : Sage, 1970, 46(2015), 3, Seite 435-453, 1552-5422
    In: volume:46
    In: year:2015
    In: number:3
    In: pages:435-453
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1177/0022022114567195
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Acculturation and Adaptation Revisited (1999)
    Details
    UID:
    (DE-627)1809880335
    ISSN: 1552-5422
    Content: The research employed a new and recently developed instrument to examine the two dimensions (host and co-national identification) and four modes (integration, separation, marginalization, and assimilation) of acculturation and their relationship to sojourner adjustment. International aid workers in Nepal completed a questionnaire including the Acculturation Index and the assessments of psychological and sociocultural adjustment. Analyses revealed that strong co-national identification predicted enhanced psychological well-being, whereas strong host national identification was associated with better sociocultural adaptation. Acculturation styles were also related to adjustive outcomes. Sojourners who adopted an integrated style fared better psychologically than others, whereas those who assumed an assimilationist perspective experienced fewer social difficulties. The article highlights methodological issues pertaining to the measurement of acculturation and discusses the strengths and weaknesses of the use of categorical versus continuous data and mean comparisons versus correlational techniques in the analysis of the relationship among identification, acculturation, and sojourner adjustment.
    In: Journal of cross-cultural psychology, Thousand Oaks, Calif. [u.a.] : Sage, 1970, 30(1999), 4, Seite 422-442, 1552-5422
    In: volume:30
    In: year:1999
    In: number:4
    In: pages:422-442
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1177/0022022199030004003
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Acculturation and Educational Achievement in American Samoan Adolescents (1977)
    Details
    UID:
    (DE-627)180987131X
    ISSN: 1552-5422
    Content: The relationship of educational achievement to overt (the directly observable) and covert (the psychological) measures of acculturation was explored for 190 high school seniors from American Samoa using canonical variate analysis. Three statistically significant and situationally interpretable relationships were found to exist between the overt and covert sets of variables, indicating that multiple acculturative approaches were operating simultaneously within Samoan adolescent culture. Educational achievement was found to be related mainly to the modern man approach to acculturation, the only approach to cross-validate. The study emphasized the probable multivariate nature of the acculturation process and the importance of verifying hypotheses through cross-validation.
    In: Journal of cross-cultural psychology, Thousand Oaks, Calif. [u.a.] : Sage, 1970, 8(1977), 2, Seite 241-256, 1552-5422
    In: volume:8
    In: year:1977
    In: number:2
    In: pages:241-256
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1177/002202217782005
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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