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1
UID:
gbv_165566767X
Format: Online Ressource (xxv, 516 pages, 29 pages)
ISBN: 9780444500632 , 0444500634 , 0444500634
Series Statement: Handbooks in economics 20
Content: The Handbook of Environmental Economics focuses on the economics of environmental externalities and environmental public goods. Volume I examines environmental degradation and policy responses from a microeconomic, institutional standpoint. Its perspective is dynamic, including a consideration of the dynamics of natural systems, and global, with attention paid to issues in both rich and poor nations. In addition to chapters on well-established topics such as the theory and practice of pollution regulation, it includes chapters on new areas of environmental economics research related to common property management regimes; population and poverty; mechanism design; political economy of regulation; experimental evaluations of policy instruments; and technological change
Note: Includes bibliographical references and index. - Print version record , Cover; Contents of Volume 1; Introduction to the Series; Contents of the Handbook; Dedication; Preface to the Handbook; Perspectives on Environmental Economics; Chapter 1. Geophysical and Geochemical Aspects of Environmental Degradation; Abstract; Keywords; 1. Introduction; 2. The environmental system; 3. Air quality and air pollution; 4. Depletion of the ozone layer; 5. Water pollution and water management; 6. Acidification of fresh waters and soils; 7. Climate change and global warming; 8. Environmental stresses and sustainability; References; Chapter 2. Ecosystem Dynamics; Abstract , Keywords1. Introduction; 2. The nature of communities and ecosystems; 3. Terrestrial ecosystem patterns; 4. Ecosystem assembly; 5. Ecosystems as self-organizing systems; 6. Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, and relations to ecosystem services; 7. Linkages to global biogeochemical cycling: The global carbon cycle; 8. The evolution of interactions and ecosystems, and the maintenance of ecosystem services: From Darwin to Gaia; Acknowledgements; References; Chapter 3. Property Rights, Public Goods and the Environment; Abstract; Keywords; 1. Introduction; 2. Taxonomy of property rights , 3. Scope and limitations of private property4. Publicness and the need for collective rights; 5. Outcomes under decentralized decision making; 6. The Coase theorem and limitations; 7. Methods and rules for managing collective property rights; 8. Conclusions; References; Chapter 4. Economics of Common Property Management Regimes; Abstract; Keywords; 1. Introduction; 2. Simple models of non-cooperative behavior and some implications for cooperative behavior; 3. Impediments to the design and implementation of efficient common property management systems; 4. Conclusions; Acknowledgements , Appendix. The endogeneity problem in collective action studiesReferences; Chapter 5. Population, Poverty, and the Natural Environment; Abstract; Keywords; Prologue; 1. Plan of the chapter; 2. Framing links between population, resources, and welfare; 3. Why the neglect?; 4. Why the neglect is wrong; 5. Population, poverty, and natural resources: Local interactions; 6. Education and birth control; 7. The household and gender relations; 8. Motives for procreation; 9. Reproductive and environmental externalities; 10. Institutional reforms and policies; Acknowledgements , Appendix. The village commons and household sizeReferences; Chapter 6. The Theory of Pollution Policy; Abstract; Keywords; Introduction; 1. A simple model with a Pigouvian tax; 2. The effiuent-generating process; 3. Economic reasons for excess effiuent; 4. The damage function; 5. The objective function; 6. Alternative regulatory instruments; 7. Imperfect information; 8. Non-regulatory strategies; 9. Conclusion; Acknowledgements; References; Chapter 7. Mechanism Design for the Environment; Abstract; Keywords; 1. Introduction; 2. The model; 3. Complete information; 4. Incomplete information , Acknowledgements
Additional Edition: ISBN 0444500634
Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Handbook of environmental economics. Volume 1, Environmental degradation and institutional responses Amsterdam ; London : Elsevier, 2003 ISBN 0444500634
Language: English
Keywords: Umweltökonomie ; Natürliche Ressourcen ; Umweltbelastung ; Umweltpolitik ; Klimaänderung ; Electronic books
URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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Associated Volumes
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    UID:
    gbv_1831636425
    ISBN: 9780444500632
    In: Handbook of environmental economics, Amsterdam : Elsevier, 2003, (2003), Seite I1-I21, 9780444500632
    In: 0444500634
    In: 0444500634
    In: year:2003
    In: pages:I1-I21
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 3
    UID:
    gbv_1831636530
    ISBN: 9780444500632
    Content: The environmental system is characterized by an interplay of geophysical and geochemical processes that provide a setting for life. Now that human interventions are affecting the global system as a whole, it is important to distinguish between changes of natural origin and changes brought about by human activities. Major difficulties arise in doing this because of the nonlinear and chaotic nature of the interactions between the environmental and human systems. Following an initial review of basic earth science principles, this chapter focuses on five fundamental issues that are important in all quarters of the world. Two sections deal with purely atmospheric issues, air pollution near the earth’s surface and depletion of ozone in the stratosphere. These sections are followed by a closer look at water pollution and water management. A specific issue, acidification of freshwaters and soils, is next dealt with in more detail. The final issue addressed in the chapter, global climate change, requires an analysis of the total environmental system. All of these environmental issues have a bearing on how humankind might be able to secure sustainable development for the future, which is touched upon in the concluding section.
    In: Handbook of environmental economics, Amsterdam : Elsevier, 2003, (2003), Seite 7-59, 9780444500632
    In: 0444500634
    In: 0444500634
    In: year:2003
    In: pages:7-59
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 4
    UID:
    gbv_1831636441
    ISBN: 9780444500632
    Content: Experimental methods have recently been used to evaluate environmental policy instruments, in particular – and most suitably, it seems – emissions trading programs of various designs. Some studies have focused on domestic emissions trading programs, while others have focused on international programs, in particular ones related to greenhouse gases. Much emphasis has been put on investigating the implications of market power in emissions trading. Other topics of the experimental studies reviewed here include the relative merits of different policy instruments (permits, taxes, standards), and the possibility of eliminating the need for conventional environmental policy through application of the Coase theorem.
    In: Handbook of environmental economics, Amsterdam : Elsevier, 2003, (2003), Seite 437-460, 9780444500632
    In: 0444500634
    In: 0444500634
    In: year:2003
    In: pages:437-460
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 5
    UID:
    gbv_1831636433
    ISBN: 9780444500632
    Content: Environmental policy discussions increasingly focus on issues related to technological change. This is partly because the environmental consequences of social activity are frequently affected by the rate and direction of technological change, and partly because environmental policy interventions can themselves create constraints and incentives that have significant effects on the path of technological progress. This chapter summarizes current thinking on technological change in the broader economics literature, surveys the growing economic literature on the interaction between technology and the environment, and explores the normative implications of these analyses. We begin with a brief overview of the economics of technological change, and then examine theory and empirical evidence on invention, innovation, and diffusion and the related literature on the effects of environmental policy on the creation of new, environmentally friendly technology. We conclude with suggestions for further research on technological change and the environment.
    In: Handbook of environmental economics, Amsterdam : Elsevier, 2003, (2003), Seite 461-516, 9780444500632
    In: 0444500634
    In: 0444500634
    In: year:2003
    In: pages:461-516
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 6
    UID:
    gbv_1831636522
    ISBN: 9780444500632
    Content: From ecosystems we derive food and fiber, fuel and pharmaceuticals. Ecosystems mediate local and regional climates, stabilize soils, purify water, and in general provide a nearly endless list of services essential to life as we know it. To understand how to manage these services it is essential to understand how ecological communities are organized and how to measure the biological diversity they contain. Ecological communities are comprised of many species, which are in turn made up of large numbers of individuals, each with their own separate ecological and evolutionary agendas. Not all species are equal as regards their role in maintaining the functioning of ecosystems or their resiliency in the face of stress. This chapter explains how ecosystems evolve and function as complex adaptive systems. It examines ecological systems at scales from the small to the large, from the individual to the collective to the community, from the leaf to the plant to the biosphere (including the global carbon cycle). It reviews theoretical and empirical models of ecosystem dynamics, which are highly nonlinear and contain the potential for qualitative and irreversible shifts. It considers applications to forests, fisheries, grasslands, and freshwater lakes.
    In: Handbook of environmental economics, Amsterdam : Elsevier, 2003, (2003), Seite 61-95, 9780444500632
    In: 0444500634
    In: 0444500634
    In: year:2003
    In: pages:61-95
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 7
    UID:
    gbv_1831636514
    ISBN: 9780444500632
    Content: We delineate the various ways in which rights to environmental and other resources can be assigned to individuals or groups. We then examine models of individual and group interactions, drawing out their implications for the ways in which resources will be utilized and managed under various rights assignments. Resources are classified into various groups (such as “collective” and “private”) depending on the type of rights assignment that is most appropriate, and we critically examine situations in which it is claimed that certain combinations of rights and rules of behavior will lead to an “ideal” allocation of the associated resources. We argue that in all but a very limited set of circumstances, efficient allocations will require at the least some form of social intervention, and we discuss both formal and informal models of social organization toward this end. Various distortions are identified that may arise when incorrect assignments of rights are utilized. We discuss various practical ways of correcting for these distortions using instruments such as taxes, quotas, and markets for pollution permits.
    In: Handbook of environmental economics, Amsterdam : Elsevier, 2003, (2003), Seite 97-125, 9780444500632
    In: 0444500634
    In: 0444500634
    In: year:2003
    In: pages:97-125
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 8
    UID:
    gbv_1831636506
    ISBN: 9780444500632
    Content: The purpose of this chapter is to identify the reasons for collective action failures and successes in natural resource management, and to understand, in the light of economic theory, the mode of operation of the factors involved whenever possible. In the first section, we clarify the notion of a common property management regime and provide cautionary remarks about estimation methodologies commonly used. In Section 2, we focus on the general case where common property regulation is feasible yet only if governance costs are kept to a reasonable level. Emphasis is placed on such factors as the size of the user group, income or wealth inequality, and availability of exit opportunities. Special attention is paid to the aspect of inequality since this has remained a rather confused issue in much of the empirical literature. Economic theory can contribute significantly to improving our understanding of the manner in which it bears upon collective action. In Section 3, we discuss cognitive problems as an important impediment to the design and implementation of efficient common property management systems. We also present evidence of the deleterious effects resulting from the absence or inappropriateness of state interventions, particularly where they are motivated by private interests. In Section 4, the importance, under a co-management approach, of appropriate incentive systems at both the village and state levels is underlined and illustrated.
    In: Handbook of environmental economics, Amsterdam : Elsevier, 2003, (2003), Seite 127-190, 9780444500632
    In: 0444500634
    In: 0444500634
    In: year:2003
    In: pages:127-190
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 9
    UID:
    gbv_1831636492
    ISBN: 9780444500632
    Content: This chapter studies the interface in poor countries of population growth, rural poverty, and deterioration of the local natural-resource base, a subject that has been much neglected by modern demographers and development economists. The motivations for procreation in rural communities of the poorest regions of the world are analyzed, and recent work on the relevance of gender relationships to such motivations is summarized. Four potentially significant social externalities associated with fertility behavior and use of the local natural-resource base are identified. Three are shown to be pronatalist in their effects, while the fourth is shown to be ambiguous, in that it can be either pro-or anti-natalist. It is shown that one of the externalities may even provide an invidious link between fertility decisions and the use of the local natural-resource base. The fourth type of externality is used to develop a theory of fertility transitions in the contemporary world. The theory views such transitions as disequilibrium phenomena.
    In: Handbook of environmental economics, Amsterdam : Elsevier, 2003, (2003), Seite 191-247, 9780444500632
    In: 0444500634
    In: 0444500634
    In: year:2003
    In: pages:191-247
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 10
    UID:
    gbv_1831636484
    ISBN: 9780444500632
    Content: Physically, pollution occurs because it is virtually impossible to have a productive process that involves no waste; economically, pollution occurs because polluting is less expensive than operating cleanly. This chapter explores the sources and consequences of, and remedies for, pollution and associated environmental damages. If all goods had well-defined property rights and could be traded in markets, environmental goods would be no different than other goods; however, markets fail for these goods because property rights cannot or do not exist and because of the nonexclusive, nonrival nature of these goods. Thus, environmental goods provide the classic case where government intervention can increase efficiency. Achieving efficient levels of pollution involves charging per unit of pollution based on damages caused by that unit. In practice, this policy can be difficult to achieve, due to difficulties in measuring and differentiating damages by source, difficulties in monitoring and enforcing pollution policies, and the financial and political costs of pollution taxes. Additionally, pre-existing market distortions influence the nature of efficient pollution abatement strategies. Thus, many regulatory approaches that do not achieve first-best outcomes may be used because their technological or political feasibility is superior. Market-based instruments provide flexibility to polluters, while command-and-control (standards-based) approaches limit choice, often through an emissions limit or a technology requirement. Market-based approaches typically achieve a specified level of emissions with lower abatement costs than standards, but their greater efficiency may not hold in the presence of the problems mentioned above. Non-regulatory approaches to pollution control include the use of liability law to define and enforce property rights and some voluntary pollution control initiatives by polluters. While these approaches can play an important role, they are unlikely to achieve adequate provision of environmental goods.
    In: Handbook of environmental economics, Amsterdam : Elsevier, 2003, (2003), Seite 249-303, 9780444500632
    In: 0444500634
    In: 0444500634
    In: year:2003
    In: pages:249-303
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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