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1
UID:
gbv_1885587406
Format: 361 Seiten
ISBN: 9783981213140
Language: German
Keywords: Japan ; Politik ; Wirtschaft ; Gesellschaft
Author information: Chiavacci, David 1971-
Author information: Wieczorek, Iris 1967-
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Associated Volumes
  • 2
    UID:
    gbv_1885586574
    Format: 19 Seiten
    ISBN: 978-3-9812131-4-0
    Content: Neither Struck by the British, nor the Dutch Diseases: The Japanese Economy Comes along Quite Healthy We assess the state of the Japanese economy by taking a fresh analytic look into its public sector finance, its export performance, and its labor market. Our findings strongly indicate that the conventional wisdom of »lost decade(s)« stands in stark contrast to economic reality. First, the status of public sector finance is not nearly as bad as suggested by the commonly used indicators (public debt as a ratio of GDP), and there is considerable potential to improve public finances, with the recent VAT hike as a prominent example. Second, the Japanese economy has not only reduced its dependency on domestic demand by increasing its share of exports, it has also reduced its export dependency on the U.S., and therefore on U.S. domestic demand. Moreover, Japan is now one of the few industrialized countries that enjoy a trade surplus with China. Third, the Japanese economy has created 7.9 million more jobs than were to be expected if the 1985 labor force participation rates of both sexes had stayed constant. What is more, 4.5 million of these additionally created jobs are jobs in regular full-time employment. We claim that the commonly negative perception of the Japanese economy stems from a fundamental mistake: taking the »bubble economy« period up to 1991 as the point of reference when assessing the current state of the economy.
    In: Japan 2012, 2012, (2012), Seite 131-149, 978-3-9812131-4-0
    In: year:2012
    In: pages:131-149
    Language: German
    Keywords: Japan ; Wirtschaft
    Author information: Blind, Georg D.
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  • 3
    UID:
    gbv_1885586612
    Format: 24 Seiten
    ISBN: 978-3-9812131-4-0
    Content: Wind in the Land of the Rising Sun: A Fresh Breeze after Fukushima? Due to the Great Eastern Japan Earthquake of March 2011, the Japanese government has to greatly restructure its energy mix to compensate for the shutdown of most of Japan’s 56 nuclear power stations. Renewable energies, especially energy-efficient wind power, are promising alternatives. However, until today, Japan has not effectively harnessed wind and the installed wind power capacity accounts for just 0.3 percent of Japan’s total national electricity demand, compared with 6 percent in Germany. To increase understanding of why Japan’s policies regarding renewable energies have failed and to put the country’s wind power development into perspective, this article compares and contrasts the Japanese approach with that of Germany, the world’s leader in wind power generation until 2009. Applying the theoretical concept of »technological innovation systems« (TIS), this article analyses how wind power emerges, advances and diffuses in society (Jacobsson und Johnson 2000, Carlsson und Stankiewicz 1991, Bergek et al. 2008). It reveals that policy designs and market mechanisms have triggered and advanced the development of the wind power sector through positive feedback loops and virtuous circles in Germany, whereas Japanese institutions have hindered technological innovation through various blocking mechanisms. This article concludes that Japan will be able to produce substantial amounts of wind power given comprehensive, effective political action e.g. increased Research & Development (R&D) budgets and long-term support through feed-in tariffs.
    In: Japan 2012, 2012, (2012), Seite 67-90, 978-3-9812131-4-0
    In: year:2012
    In: pages:67-90
    Language: German
    Keywords: Japan ; Windenergie
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  • 4
    UID:
    gbv_1885586604
    Format: 18 Seiten
    ISBN: 978-3-9812131-4-0
    Content: The DPJ Approach to Enhance Japan’s Diplomatic Role: Japanese Foreign Policy 2011/2012 After having received international disaster and reconstruction support after the earthquake and tsunami on March 11, 2011, the DPJ government under Prime Minister Noda has been trying to use the time when most of attention of the Japanese public was still focused on dealing with the aftermath of the 3/11 disaster and other domestic political issues, to gradually enhance Japan’s stance in East Asia and the world. This article highlights these changes by focusing on the most important bilateral relationships and the three policy areas security policy, trade policy, development policy.
    In: Japan 2012, 2012, (2012), Seite 91-108, 978-3-9812131-4-0
    In: year:2012
    In: pages:91-108
    Language: German
    Keywords: Japan ; Außenpolitik ; Sicherheitspolitik
    Author information: Vosse, Wilhelm M. 1963-
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  • 5
    UID:
    gbv_1885586493
    Format: 28 Seiten
    ISBN: 978-3-9812131-4-0
    Content: Limits of Political Feasibility: Birth Control Policy and the Low Birth Rate in Japan In Japan, fertility had been declining for more than three decades, when the government first decided to consider measures to stop this trend. At that time, people did not seem to be very concerned about it. What was the reason behind this lack of concern, and why did the reaction in Japan differ so much from that of other industrialized countries? This paper investigates the history of birth rates and policies from the early Meiji period to the present, paying particular attention to the time before, during and after the Second World War. It shows quite clearly that in Japan, fertility did not decline just because of societal changes or as a side effect of industrial and medical development, but that the decline was very actively promoted by the government policy after World War II and in the early 1950s, when nurses and midwives made concerted efforts to effectively persuade women to reduce the number of children they would bear. Through these activities, the Japanese government’s policy turned out to be surprisingly successful. The methods the government and local authorities are currently using in an attempt to raise fertility have come to resemble more and more those used in the past, but their lack of success underscores changes in attitudes and feelings of people in Japan. Analysis of current discourses demonstrates how politicians and bureaucrats try to divide people into categories depending on sex, age, and other criteria, and then assign to them »social duties«, which they are no longer able or ready to bear. The article presents a critical assessment of these discourses and shows how the present fertility rate is influenced by the past, not only directly through specific policies and initiatives, but also through the thinking and the emotions of ordinary people.
    In: Japan 2012, 2012, (2012), Seite 329-356, 978-3-9812131-4-0
    In: year:2012
    In: pages:329-356
    Language: German
    Keywords: Japan ; Geburtenziffer ; Bevölkerungsentwicklung ; Familienplanung
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  • 6
    UID:
    gbv_1885586639
    Format: 22 Seiten
    ISBN: 978-3-9812131-4-0
    Content: Japanese Domestic Policy 2011/2012: The Disasters at Fukushima (»3/11«) in 2012 Further Burden on the Leaders in Politics and Economy In retrospect, the year 2011/12 has to be recorded as just another year of bitter political infighting – both within the main governing party DPJ (Democratic Party of Japan) and between the government and the opposition led by the LDP (Liberal Democratic Party). Maneuvering rather skillfully, Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda managed to reach his main political goal, an increase of the consumption tax to 10 % in two steps by 2015. He had to pay a high price: LDP and New Kōmeitō supported his plan in parliament, but only after he promised lower house elections »soon«. Strong forces in Noda’s own party were strictly against a raise in taxes, and in view of the ever decreasing popularity rates for Noda and the DPJ, many young DPJ politicians deserted the party, desperate for political survival. Taking the lead of these DPJ politicians, »destroyer « Ichirō Ozawa split just another party he helped to build and led to election victory in 2009. New challenges to established political forces sprang up in the region Ōsaka/Nagoya: Locally based political parties lay claim to a nationwide role, as represented by the Ōsaka Isshin no Kai-leader, political maverick Tōru Hashimoto. While searching for those responsible, in 2012 various commissions produced avalanches of contradictory technical data concerning »3/11«, ending only in mutual accusations. Meanwhile, displaced victims of the Fukushima catastrophes are still waiting for fundamental help, while nuclear reactors are being restarted – obviously against the expressed wish of the general public.
    In: Japan 2012, 2012, (2012), Seite 27-48, 978-3-9812131-4-0
    In: year:2012
    In: pages:27-48
    Language: German
    Keywords: Japan ; Innenpolitik ; Parteiensystem
    Author information: Pohl, Manfred 1943-2015
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  • 7
    UID:
    gbv_1885586590
    Format: 22 Seiten
    ISBN: 978-3-9812131-4-0
    Content: Re-Inventing Japan as an »Environmental Nation«: Nationalism between Isolation and International Integration in Post-Fukushima Japan Japanese nationalism has attracted much attention since the late 1990s when issues regarding historical revisionism or nationalism in pop culture, on the Internet, and surrounding sport events became the subject of heated debates in Japan and also abroad. However, recent efforts to re-invent Japan as an »environmental nation« living in »harmony with nature« remained relatively unnoticed by scholarly research. Against the background of globalization processes and challenges such as climate change, this notion was increasingly promoted since the 2000s by political initiatives and intellectuals alike. These efforts promised to be a way to gain more international influence despite Japan’s constitutional limitations (Article 9). This paper analyzes these initiatives and examines what impact the Great Eastern Japan Earthquake of 2011 and the nuclear disaster in Fukushima had on the attempt to remake Japan’s image into an »environmental nation« and how Japan’s endeavors since the 1990s to gain more international influence were also challenged by recent calls for a more isolationist position.
    In: Japan 2012, 2012, (2012), Seite 109-130, 978-3-9812131-4-0
    In: year:2012
    In: pages:109-130
    Language: German
    Keywords: Japan ; Umweltbewusstsein ; Nationalismus
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  • 8
    UID:
    gbv_1885586507
    Format: 20 Seiten
    ISBN: 978-3-9812131-4-0
    Content: Kizuna: The Kanji of the Year 2011 as an Answer to the Angst that Japanese Society Will soon Break Apart? Over 60.000 Japanese voted in a national poll for kizuna to be the »Kanji of the Year« in 2011. Kizuna means bonds or connections. This kanji refers to the feeling that after the triple catastrophe in March Japanese people moved closer together to overcome the tragedy. Until a few years ago, kizuna was a rare word in Japanese political and media discourses. Only lately, the Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) and two media campaigns launched by the NHK and the Asahi Shinbun started to use the kanji more regularly. Especially the NHK and the Asahi expressed fears that the Japanese society is loosening its bonds and will soon fall apart. While kizuna was still a minor concept in this context, after 3/11 it became a buzzword. As the paper argues, this is due to earlier discourses of the DPJ, NHK, Asahi and others which raised the need for answers to the potential disintegration. Kizuna became immediately a convincing response to these fears, even though it has not been defined convincingly in the aftermath of the catastrophe. This article also introduces certain critical voices claim that solidarity (rentai) instead of kizuna would have been a better choice.
    In: Japan 2012, 2012, (2012), Seite 309-328, 978-3-9812131-4-0
    In: year:2012
    In: pages:309-328
    Language: German
    Keywords: Japan ; Schriftzeichen ; Symbolik ; Gesellschaft
    Author information: Tagsold, Christian 1971-
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  • 9
    UID:
    gbv_1885586515
    Format: 25 Seiten
    ISBN: 978-3-9812131-4-0
    Content: Food Safety in Post-Fukushima Japan: Producers versus Consumers? After the Fukushima nuclear accident many Japanese consumers feel irritated and seek reliable information on radiation levels in food and on the threats that radioactivity may pose to their health. The Japanese government has introduced limits on radioactivity in food but has been criticized for its late response to food safety issues and for mainly trying to calm food fears amongst Japanese consumers. Since the government does not provide sufficient information, other actors step in. While some organizations promote food products from the Tōhoku area in solidarity with local farmers, Citizen’s Radioactivity Measurement Stations or food distribution networks offer radiation measuring to consumers and farmers. Some retailers and co-ops are even drawing up their own radiation safety standards. My paper introduces different actors which provide consumers with information on food safety and analyses power relations in the field of food safety in post-Fukushima Japan.
    In: Japan 2012, 2012, (2012), Seite 283-307, 978-3-9812131-4-0
    In: year:2012
    In: pages:283-307
    Language: German
    Keywords: Japan ; Lebensmittel ; Produktsicherheit
    Author information: Reiher, Cornelia 1978-
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  • 10
    UID:
    gbv_1885586531
    Format: 22 Seiten
    ISBN: 978-3-9812131-4-0
    Content: Gaining Procedural Utility? Political Participation after 3/11 Since the triple disaster of March 11, 2011, many people in Japan who were not previously involved in, or even interested in, politics started to become engaged in the movement against nuclear energy and for protection against radioactivity. Demonstrations like the one on July 16, 2012 in Tokyo, where around 170.000 participants assembled, make this trend visible. This article poses the question: how does this new commitment to political activism affect the people who participated – regardless of the outcome of the political process? Do self-perceptions change to a certain extent in course of participating? So far, the literature has addressed these questions first and foremost from a theoretical perspective. The concept of procedural utility, for example, suggests that politically active citizens can benefit from processes of participation, depending not only on the results of decision making, but also on the process by which these decisions are reached. Thus, subjective feelings of well-being can increase, most notably when decision making processes fulfill certain psychological needs that contribute positively to self-perceptions such as, for example, feelings of autonomy, relatedness and competence. This article aims to reassess empirically this theoretical concept of a correlation between political participation and subjective feelings. It develops three qualitative case studies of people active in the movement against nuclear energy and protection against radioactivity after the triple disaster of March 11, 2011. Results of the case studies indicate that procedural utility is indeed gained through political action, but psychological needs like autonomy, relatedness and competence are not fulfilled to the same extent.
    In: Japan 2012, 2012, (2012), Seite 239-260, 978-3-9812131-4-0
    In: year:2012
    In: pages:239-260
    Language: German
    Keywords: Japan ; Bürgerbeteiligung
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