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1
UID:
gbv_792481259
Format: 1 Online-Ressource (633 Seiten)
ISBN: 9780444829146 , 0444829148
Series Statement: Handbooks in economics 19
Content: The Handbook of Social Choice and Welfare presents, in two volumes, essays on past and on-going work in social choice theory and welfare economics. The first volume consists of four parts. In Part 1 (Arrovian Impossibility Theorems), various aspects of Arrovian general impossibility theorems, illustrated by the simple majority cycle first identified by Condorcet, are expounded and evaluated. It also provides a critical survey of the work on different escape routes from impossibility results of this kind. In Part 2 (Voting Schemes and Mechanisms), the operation and performance of voting schemes and cost-sharing mechanisms are examined axiomatically, and some aspects of the modern theory of incentives and mechanism design are expounded and surveyed. In Part 3 (structure of social choice rules), the positional rules of collective decision-making (the origin of which can be traced back to a seminal proposal by Borda), the game-theoretic aspects of voting in committees, and the implications of making use of interpersonal comparisons of welfare (with or without cardinal measurability) are expounded, and the status of utilitarianism as a theory of justice is critically examined. It also provides an analytical survey of the foundations of measurement of inequality and poverty. In order to place these broad issues (as well as further issues to be discussed in the second volume of the Handbook) in perspective, Kotaro Suzumura has written an extensive introduction, discussing the historical background of social choice theory, the vistas opened by Arrow's Social Choice and Individual Values, the famous "socialist planning" controversy, and the theoretical and practical significance of social choice theory. The primary purpose of this Handbook is to provide an accessible introduction to the current state of the art in social choice theory and welfare economics. The expounded theory has a strong and constructive message for pursuing human well-being and facilitating collective decision-making. *Advances economists' understanding of recent advances in social choice and welfare *Distills and applies research to a wide range of social issues *Provides analytical material for evaluating new scholarship *Offers consolidated reviews and analyses of scholarship in a framework that encourages synthesis
Content: The Handbook of Social Choice and Welfare presents, in two volumes, essays on past and on-going work in social choice theory and welfare economics. The first volume consists of four parts. In Part 1 (Arrovian Impossibility Theorems), various aspects of Arrovian general impossibility theorems, illustrated by the simple majority cycle first identified by Condorcet, are expounded and evaluated. It also provides a critical survey of the work on different escape routes from impossibility results of this kind. In Part 2 (Voting Schemes and Mechanisms), the operation and performance of voting schemes and cost-sharing mechanisms are examined axiomatically, and some aspects of the modern theory of incentives and mechanism design are expounded and surveyed. In Part 3 (structure of social choice rules), the positional rules of collective decision-making (the origin of which can be traced back to a seminal proposal by Borda), the game-theoretic aspects of voting in committees, and the implications of making use of interpersonal comparisons of welfare (with or without cardinal measurability) are expounded, and the status of utilitarianism as a theory of justice is critically examined. It also provides an analytical survey of the foundations of measurement of inequality and poverty. In order to place these broad issues (as well as further issues to be discussed in the second volume of the Handbook) in perspective, Kotaro Suzumura has written an extensive introduction, discussing the historical background of social choice theory, the vistas opened by Arrow's Social Choice and Individual Values, the famous "socialist planning" controversy, and the theoretical and practical significance of social choice theory. The primary purpose of this Handbook is to provide an accessible introduction to the current state of the art in social choice theory and welfare economics. The expounded theory has a strong and constructive message for pursuing human well-being and facilitating collective decision-making. *Advances economists' understanding of recent advances in social choice and welfare *Distills and applies research to a wide range of social issues *Provides analytical material for evaluating new scholarship *Offers consolidated reviews and analyses of scholarship in a framework that encourages synthesis
Note: Includes bibliographical references and indexes , Use copy Restrictions unspecified star MiAaHDL , Preface to Volume 1 (K. Arrow, A. Sen, K. Suzumura). Introduction (K. Suzumura). Part 1. Arrovian Impossibility Theorems. 1. Impossibility theorems in the Arrovian framework (D. Campbell, J. Kelly). 2. Categories of Arrovian voting schemes (F. Aleskerov). 3. Domain restrictions (W. Gaertner). Part 2. Voting Schemes and Mechanisms. 4. Voting procedures (S. Brams, P. Fishburn). 5. Implementation theory (E. Maskin, T. Sj & ouml;str & ouml;m). 6. Axiomatic cost and surplus-sharing (H. Moulin). Part 3. Structure of Social Choice Rules. 7. Positional rules of collective decision-making (P. Pattanaik). 8. Game-Theoretic Analysis of voting in committees (B. Peleg). 9. Representative democracy and social choice theory (N. Schofield). Part 4. Welfare, Justice and Poverty. 10. Social welfare functionals and interpersonal comparability (C. d'Aspremont, L. Gevers). 11. Utilitarianism and the theory of justice (C. Blackorby, W. Bossert, D. Donaldson). 12. Inequality, poverty and welfare (B. Dutta). , Master and use copy. Digital master created according to Benchmark for Faithful Digital Reproductions of Monographs and Serials, Version 1. Digital Library Federation, December 2002.
Additional Edition: ISBN 0444829148
Additional Edition: ISBN 9780444829146
Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Handbook of social choice and welfare Amsterdam ; Boston : Elsevier, 2002-
Language: English
Subjects: Economics
RVK:
Keywords: Arrow-Paradoxon ; Abstimmung ; Kollektiventscheidung ; Wirtschaftstheorie ; Electronic books ; Aufsatzsammlung
URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
Author information: Sen, Amartya 1933-
Author information: Suzumura, Kōtarō 1944-2020
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Associated Volumes
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    UID:
    gbv_1831635399
    ISBN: 9780444829146
    Content: This chapter lists the names of the people who have contributed to the book Handbook of Social Choice and Welfare , such as Abdou, J., Abello, J.M., Basu, K., and others. Their names have been mentioned along with the page number in which their names appear in the bookfor the ease of the reader.
    In: Handbook of social choice and welfare, Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier, 2002, (2002), Seite I-1-I-11, 9780444829146
    In: 0444829148
    In: year:2002
    In: pages:I-1-I-11
    Language: English
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  • 3
    UID:
    gbv_1831635518
    ISBN: 9780444829146
    Content: Given a set of outcomes that affect the welfare of the members of a group, K.J. Arrow imposed the following five conditions on the ordering of the outcomes as a function of the preferences of the individual group members, and then proved that the conditions are logically inconsistent: • The social choice rule is defined for a large family of assignments of transitive orderings to individuals. • The social ordering itself is always transitive. • The social choice rule is not dictatorial. (An individual is a dictator if the social ordering ranks an outcome x strictly above another outcome y whenever that individual strictly prefers x to y .) • If everyone in the group strictly prefers outcome x to outcome y , then x should rank strictly above y in the social ordering. • The social ordering of any two outcomes depends only on the way that the individuals in the group order those same two outcomes. The chapter proves Arrow's theorem and investigates the possibility of uncovering a satisfactory social choice rule by relaxing the conditions while remaining within the Arrovian framework, which is identified by the following five characteristics: • The outcome set is unstructured. • The society is finite and fixed. • Only information about the ordering of the outcome set is used to convey information about individual welfare. • The output of the social choice process is an ordering of the outcome set. • Strategic play by individuals is not considered.
    In: Handbook of social choice and welfare, Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier, 2002, (2002), Seite 35-94, 9780444829146
    In: 0444829148
    In: year:2002
    In: pages:35-94
    Language: English
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  • 4
    UID:
    gbv_1831635429
    ISBN: 9780444829146
    Content: This chapter reviews the SWFL approach to social choice. It does not attempt to be a complete and systematic survey of existing results, but to give a critical assesment of the main axioms and their role in filtering the ethically relevant information, in particular the measurability and comparability properties of individual evaluation functions. Social welfare functionals are defined formally together with closely related concepts. After adducing a good number of examples, we elaborate on the meaning of the SWFL domain of definition and we sketch some alternative approaches. Several types of axioms are considered; some of them are used to filter the relevant information while others express collective efficiency or equity requirements. Then, to illustrate the various tradeoffs among these axioms, selected characterisation results are presented; most of them are cast in what we call the formally welfarist framework. Finally, we have assembled some other characterisations which eschew either invariance properties or the formally welfarist framework. We discuss the treatment of two sets of social alternatives endowed with an enriched structure, viz. the set of classical exchange economies and the complete set of lotteries one can define on an abstract set of pure alternatives. As an introduction to the latter discussion, we elaborate on the difficulties raised by social evaluation when risks and uncertainty are taken explicitly into account.
    In: Handbook of social choice and welfare, Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier, 2002, (2002), Seite 459-541, 9780444829146
    In: 0444829148
    In: year:2002
    In: pages:459-541
    Language: English
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  • 5
    UID:
    gbv_1831635410
    ISBN: 9780444829146
    Content: This chapter provides a survey of utilitarian theories of justice. We review and discuss axiomatizations of utilitarian and generalized-utilitarian social-evaluation functionals in a welfarist framework. Section 2 introduces, along with some basic definitions, social-evaluation functionals. Furthermore, we discuss several information-invariance assumptions. In Section 3, we introduce the welfarism axioms unrestricted domain, binary independence of irrelevant alternatives and Pareto indifference, and use them to characterize welfarist social evaluation. These axioms imply that there exists a single ordering of utility vectors that can be used to rank all alternatives for any profile of individual utility functions. We call such an ordering a social-evaluation ordering, and we introduce several examples of classes of such orderings. In addition, we formulate some further basic axioms. Section 4 provides characterizations of generalized-utilitarian social-evaluation orderings, both in a static and in an intertemporal framework. Section 5 deals with the special case of utilitarianism. We review some known axiomatizations and, in addition, prove a new characterization result that uses an axiom we call incremental equity. In Section 6, we analyze generalizations of utilitarian principles to variable-population environments. We extend the welfarism theorem to a variable-population framework and provide a characterization of critical-level generalized utilitarianism. Section 7 provides an extension to situations in which the alternatives resulting from choices among feasible actions are not known with certainty. In this setting, we discuss characterization as well as impossibility results. Section 8 concludes.
    In: Handbook of social choice and welfare, Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier, 2002, (2002), Seite 543-596, 9780444829146
    In: 0444829148
    In: year:2002
    In: pages:543-596
    Language: English
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  • 6
    UID:
    gbv_1831635402
    ISBN: 9780444829146
    Content: This chapter is concerned with issues arising from the construction of ethical measures of inequality and poverty. The recent literature on measurement of inequality and poverty emphasizes the close connection between social welfare functions and ethical indices of inequality and poverty. This chapter surveys the main issues in this literature. In particular, we discuss how indices of inequality can be constructed from social welfare functions, and vice versa. Other issues include the equivalence theorems which provide the analytical foundations of the approach which declares one distribution to be more equal than another only when all “sensible” measures agree on the ranking. The chapter also discusses the measurement of mobility. Finally, the chapter describes some of the parallel issues which arise in the measurement of poverty.
    In: Handbook of social choice and welfare, Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier, 2002, (2002), Seite 597-633, 9780444829146
    In: 0444829148
    In: year:2002
    In: pages:597-633
    Language: English
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  • 7
    UID:
    gbv_183163550X
    ISBN: 9780444829146
    Content: Within the framework of the axiomatic approach three types of voting schemes are investigated according to the form in which the individual opinions about the alternatives are defined, as well as to the form of desired social decision. These types of rules are Social Decision Rules, Functional Voting Rules, and Social Choice Correspondences. Consideration is given to local rules, i.e., to the rules which satisfy some analogue of Arrow's Independence of Irrelevant Alternatives condition. A general description of the problem of axiomatic synthesis of local rules, and various formalizations of voting schemes are given. The notion of “rationality” of individual opinions and social decision is described. Various types of binary relations (preferences) are introduced. The characteristic conditions (Expansion-Contraction Axioms) on choice functions are defined, and the interrelations between them are established. Two types of Social Decision Rules (transforming individual preferences to social ones) are studied. The explicit forms of those rules are investigated. The rules restricted by rationality constraints, i.e., by the constraints on domains and ranges of the rules, are studied as well. Functional Voting Rules are investigated which transform individual opinions defined as choice functions into a social choice function. In doing so, a rationalizability of those choice functions is not assumed. The explicit form of these rules is obtained, and the rules which satisfy different rationality constraints are studied. Social Choice Correspondences deal with the case when the individual opinions are formalized as binary relations, and the collective decision that we look for is a choice function. The explicit form of rules is studied. The obtained classes comprise the rules such as the generalized Pareto rules. Several new classes of the rules are introduced and analyzed. The explicit form of the Nash-implementable rules is found. The analysis of publications on the axiomatic synthesis of the local aggregation rules is made.
    In: Handbook of social choice and welfare, Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier, 2002, (2002), Seite 95-129, 9780444829146
    In: 0444829148
    In: year:2002
    In: pages:95-129
    Language: English
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    UID:
    gbv_1831635496
    ISBN: 9780444829146
    Content: This chapter discusses different types of domain restrictions. We begin by analyzing various qualitative conditions on preference profiles. Value-restricted preferences (with single-peaked preferences as one of its subcases), limited agreement as well as antagonistic and dichotomous preferences are relatively easy to interpret. In our view, the property of single-peakedness stands out in particular. It proves to be a central restriction under majority voting. However, it also plays an essential role in the context of strategy-proof voting rules (which is the topic of another chapter in this Handbook). Furthermore, we consider quantitative or number-specific requirements on the distribution of voters over different preference orderings, and we shall see that some of those requirements are logically related to the qualitative conditions such as extremal restriction and value-restricted preferences. While the latter restrictions are requirements on combinations of individual orderings, the domains of individual orderings that admit n -person nondictatorial social welfare functions à la Arrow result from restrictions on permissible preferences for individuals. While the first five sections study the aggregation problem within the framework of arbitrary finite sets of discrete alternatives, the final section discusses continuous choice rules; the alternatives are assumed to be n -dimensional vectors in Euclidean space. Contractibility as a condition on the topological space of preferences proves to be necessary and sufficient for the existence of continuous aggregation rules.
    In: Handbook of social choice and welfare, Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier, 2002, (2002), Seite 131-170, 9780444829146
    In: 0444829148
    In: year:2002
    In: pages:131-170
    Language: English
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  • 9
    UID:
    gbv_1831635488
    ISBN: 9780444829146
    Content: Voting procedures focus on the aggregation of individuals' preferences to produce collective decisions. In practice, a voting procedure is characterized by ballot responses and the way ballots are tallied to determine winners. Voters are assumed to have clear preferences over candidates and attempt to maximize satisfaction with the election outcome by their ballot responses. Such responses can include strategic misrepresentation of preferences. Voting procedures are formalized by social choice functions, which map ballot response profiles into election outcomes. We discuss broad classes of social choice functions as well as special cases such as plurality rule, approval voting, and Borda's point-count method. The simplest class is voting procedures for two-candidate elections. Conditions for social choice functions are presented for simple majority rule, the class of weighted majority rules, and for what are referred to as hierarchical representative systems. The second main class, which predominates in the literature, embraces all procedures for electing one candidate from three or more contenders. The multicandidate elect-one social choice functions in this broad class are divided into nonranked one-stage procedures, nonranked multistage procedures, ranked voting methods, and positional scoring rules. Nonranked methods include plurality check-one voting and approval voting, where each voter casts either no vote or a full vote for each candidate. On ballots for positional scoring methods, voters rank candidates from most preferred to least preferred. Topics for multicandidate methods include axiomatic characterizations, susceptibility to strategic manipulation, and voting paradoxes that expose questionable aspects of particular procedures. Other social choice functions are designed to elect two or more candidates for committee memberships from a slate of contenders. Proportional representation methods, including systems that elect members sequentially from a single ranked ballot with vote transfers in successive counting stages, are primary examples of this class.
    In: Handbook of social choice and welfare, Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier, 2002, (2002), Seite 173-236, 9780444829146
    In: 0444829148
    In: year:2002
    In: pages:173-236
    Language: English
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  • 10
    UID:
    gbv_183163547X
    ISBN: 9780444829146
    Content: The implementation problem is the problem of designing a mechanism (game form) such that the equilibrium outcomes satisfy a criterion of social optimality embodied in a social choice rule. If a mechanism has the property that, in each possible state of the world, the set of equilibrium outcomes equals the set of optimal outcomes identified by the social choice rule, then the social choice rule is said to be implemented by this mechanism. Whether or not a social choice rule is implementable may depend on which game-theoretic solution concept is used. The most demanding requirement is that each agent should always have a dominant strategy, but mainly negative results are obtained in this case. More positive results are obtained using less demanding solution concepts such as Nash equilibrium. Any Nash-implementable social choice rule must satisfy a condition of “monotonicity”. Conversely, any social choice rule which satisfies monotonicity and “no veto power” can be Nash-implemented. Even non-monotonic social choice rules can be implemented using Nash equilibrium refinements. The implementation problem can be made more challenging by imposing additional requirements on the mechanisms, such as robustness to renegotiation and collusion. If the agents are incompletely informed about the state of the world, then the concept of Nash equilibrium is replaced by Bayesian Nash equilibrium. Incentive compatibility is a necessary condition for Bayesian Nash implementation, but in other respects the results closely mimic those that obtain with complete information.
    In: Handbook of social choice and welfare, Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier, 2002, (2002), Seite 237-288, 9780444829146
    In: 0444829148
    In: year:2002
    In: pages:237-288
    Language: English
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