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Online Resource
Online Resource
Handbook of population and family economics : volume 1, part B (1997)
Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier
Details
UID:
gbv_790161397
Format: Online Ressource (647-1343 pages)
ISBN: 9780444826466 , 0444826467
Series Statement: Handbooks in economics 14
Content: The collection of chapters in the Handbook of Population and Family Economics and their organization reflect the most recent developments in economics pertaining to population issues and the family. The rationale, contents, and organization of the Handbook evolve from three premises. First, the family is the main arena in which population outcomes are forged. Second, there are important interactions and significant causal links across all demographic phenomena. Third, the study of the size, composition, and growth of a population can benefit from the application of economic methodology and tools. The diversity and depth of the work reviewed and presented in the Handbook conveys both the progress that has been made by economists in understanding the forces shaping population processes, including the behavior of families, and the many questions, empirical and theoretical, that still remain
Content: The collection of chapters in the Handbook of Population and Family Economics and their organization reflect the most recent developments in economics pertaining to population issues and the family. The rationale, contents, and organization of the Handbook evolve from three premises. First, the family is the main arena in which population outcomes are forged. Second, there are important interactions and significant causal links across all demographic phenomena. Third, the study of the size, composition, and growth of a population can benefit from the application of economic methodology and tools. The diversity and depth of the work reviewed and presented in the Handbook conveys both the progress that has been made by economists in understanding the forces shaping population processes, including the behavior of families, and the many questions, empirical and theoretical, that still remain
Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Migration. Internal migration in developed countries (M.J. Greenwood). Internal migration in developing countries (R.E.B. Lucas). Economic impact of international migration and the economic performance of migrants (R.J. LaLonde, R.H. Topel). International migration and international trade (A. Razin, E. Sadka). Aging, Demographic Composition and the Economy. The economics of individual aging (M.D. Hurd). The economics of population aging (D.N. Weil). Demographic variables and income inequality (D. Lam). Aggregrate Population Change and Economic Growth. Population dynamics: Equilibrium, disequilibrium, and consequences of fluctuations (R.D. Lee). Growth models with endogenous population: A general framework (M. Nerlove, L.K. Raut). Long-term consequences of population growth: Technological change, natural resources, and the environment (J.A. Robinson, T.N. Srinivasan). Complete Index.
Language: English
Subjects: Economics
RVK:
QU 000
Keywords: Bevölkerungsentwicklung ; Bevölkerungsökonomie ; Familienökonomie ; Electronic books
URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
URL: Volltext
Author information: Stark, Oded
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  • 2
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    Chapter 12 Internal migration in developed countries (1997)
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_1831640368
    ISBN: 9780444826466
    Content: This chapter describes the concept of migration, selected facts about internal migration in developed countries, and the determinants of migration. In most advanced societies, inter-regional migration is a major mechanism through which labor resources are redistributed geographically, in response to changing economic and demographic forces. The determinants of migration are the factors that affect migrationincluding characteristics both of places and of persons and their familieswhile consequences of migration refer both to the performance of migrants in their new locations relative to a benchmark, such as their presumed performance in their former place of residence had they not moved and to the impacts that migrants have on others in sending and receiving areas. The human capital model provides a powerful analytical tool for the study of numerous important issues in labor economics, but this model does not provide a comparably powerful explanation of migration.
    In: Handbook of population and family economics, Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier, 1997, (1997), Seite 647-720, 9780444826466
    In: 0444826467
    In: year:1997
    In: pages:647-720
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1016/S1574-003X(97)80004-9
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 3
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    Chapter 13 Internal migration in developing countries (1997)
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_183164035X
    ISBN: 9780444826466
    Content: This chapter reviews some of the principal contributions addressing three spheres related to migration: theory, empirical evidence and policy experience, focusing on the more recent literature. The chapter discusses the causes of migration-earnings opportunities and job search, information and financing, family strategies and the contextual setting, and displaced persons; and the economic consequences of internal migrationthe direct and indirect effects of rural emigration on rural production, the overall effects on national product in the light of various market pathologies, and the consequences for income inequality. The understanding of factors determining the urban component of those earnings differentials remains poor. Efficiency wage stories now dominate the world of theory, but little evidence has been compiled either in favor of or in contradiction of these ideas. But, there are major policy areas, touching more or less directly upon migration, where almost no systematic empirical knowledge has yet been amassed.
    In: Handbook of population and family economics, Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier, 1997, (1997), Seite 721-798, 9780444826466
    In: 0444826467
    In: year:1997
    In: pages:721-798
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1016/S1574-003X(97)80005-0
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  • 4
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    Chapter 14 Economic impact of international migration and the economic performance of migrants (1997)
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_1831640333
    ISBN: 9780444826466
    Content: This chapter describes the numbers and characteristics of international migrants to selected developed countries, explores some of the economic factors motivating international migration, examines the impact of immigration on the receiving country's labor markets, discusses the extent to which immigrants assimilate to the receiving country's labor market, and presents several studies of immigrants' effects on the social welfare system. The chapter focuses on the experiences of Australia, Canada, and the United States. Increased immigration has a modest impact on the distribution of income, and most of these adverse affects fall on immigrants themselves. These effects may be small as a result of the effects that immigrants have on local labor demand or of changes in natives' migration patterns. First, there is evidence of a significant amount of immigrant assimilation in the US data, although there is less evidence of it in Australian, Canadian, and European data. This result implies that the adverse effects that US immigrants have on wages lessen as they spend more time in the United States. Second, this assimilation does not mean that immigrants' wages approach those of the median native.
    In: Handbook of population and family economics, Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier, 1997, (1997), Seite 799-850, 9780444826466
    In: 0444826467
    In: year:1997
    In: pages:799-850
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1016/S1574-003X(97)80006-2
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 5
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    Chapter 15 International migration and international trade (1997)
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_1831640317
    ISBN: 9780444826466
    Content: This chapter explains the ways in which different trade models account for either substitution or complementarity patterns between labor mobility and commodity trade, and the key elements in the models responsible for the contrasting predictions on the direction and magnitude of international trade. The chapter also analyzes some dissimilarities between capital mobility and labor mobility;presents a benchmark framework in which all people are treated alike; identifies welfare gains and losses to the major participants in the migration process; considers a two-skill model within which the role of wage rigidity in explaining resistance towards in-migration is examined; and considers the social burden brought by migration onto the modern welfare state, as another important anti-migration force. Persistent wage differentials are the major driving force behind international migration. These differentials may be either narrowed or (possibly) widened by international trade in goods depending on either international factor endowment differentials or technological gaps across countries. However, immigration can be more beneficial to the native-born population when the labor markets are better-functioning and the welfare programs are less comprehensive.
    In: Handbook of population and family economics, Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier, 1997, (1997), Seite 851-887, 9780444826466
    In: 0444826467
    In: year:1997
    In: pages:851-887
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1016/S1574-003X(97)80007-4
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  • 6
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    Chapter 16 The economics of individual aging (1997)
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_1831640309
    ISBN: 9780444826466
    Content: This chapter provides an overview of the economic models that explain the concept of retirement and consumption and saving. The chapter discusses the empirical evidence about the models. The discussion is in the context of data from the United States because US data are more extensive than data from other countries. On average, the economic status of the elderly has improved greatly over the past 25 years. The poverty rate of elderly widows is still high, although valuing noncash income would certainly reduce it substantially. Wealth and income comparision in the 1979 Rural Household Survey (RHS) and the 1984 Self-Invested Personal Pension (SIPP), and poverty rates of singles and couples are tabulated in the chapter. These results and examination of the rates of increase of Social Security and pension benefits indicate that the economic status of the elderly should improve slowly as the increases propagate through the system. Social Security benefits of the oldest should continue to increase and more of the elderly will have pension income. Many models have assumed that individuals are alike, yet observed behavior, particularly saving behavior, varies substantially across individuals.
    In: Handbook of population and family economics, Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier, 1997, (1997), Seite 891-966, 9780444826466
    In: 0444826467
    In: year:1997
    In: pages:891-966
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1016/S1574-003X(97)80008-6
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  • 7
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    Chapter 17 The economics of population aging (1997)
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_1831640295
    ISBN: 9780444826466
    Content: This chapter explores the ways in which changing the age structure of the population in the macroeconomic models affects variables, such as consumption, wages, government spending, and saving. The chapter also presents the basic data on the ways in which the age structure of the population is evolving over time, considers the effects of population aging on production and consumption in the economy as a whole, and discusses the effects of aging. One of the salient themes of this chapter is that the costs of population aging currently in prospect are to a large extent simply the passing of the transitory benefits of reduced fertility. A second theme of this chapter is that although aging will not appreciably change the overall burden of transfers that society makes to dependents, it will greatly change the channels through which these transfers flow. Population aging has a larger effect on individual transfer schemes considered in isolation than on the net flow of transfers taken together. In the case of government transfer schemes to dependents, which focus particularly on the elderly, the average age of providing is younger than the average age of receivingand thus population aging enlarges the burden of such transfer schemes.
    In: Handbook of population and family economics, Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier, 1997, (1997), Seite 967-1014, 9780444826466
    In: 0444826467
    In: year:1997
    In: pages:967-1014
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1016/S1574-003X(97)80009-8
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  • 8
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    Chapter 18 Demographic variables and income inequality (1997)
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    UID:
    gbv_1831640287
    ISBN: 9780444826466
    Content: This chapter explores a variety of areas in which demographic variables may play an important role in the distribution of income, introduces a host of demographic issues relating to marriage, fertility, and household living arrangementsusing the household as the unit of analysis. The chapter focuses on the large literature that analyzes the effects on the distribution of income among married couples of marital sorting and the joint labor supply behavior of husbands and wives, changing population composition because of differential fertility, migration, and mortality by income classes, and analyzes the effects of differential fertility across income classes on the distribution of income. Changes in fertility, mortality, migration, marriage, household composition, and age structure will plausibly have a variety of effects on income inequality. A change in the age structure of the population, for example, will in general change the measure of income inequality in the population, even if there is no change within each age group in mean income or age-specific income inequality. The chapter demonstrates that it is possible in many cases to derive instructive analytics about these compositional effects.
    In: Handbook of population and family economics, Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier, 1997, (1997), Seite 1015-1059, 9780444826466
    In: 0444826467
    In: year:1997
    In: pages:1015-1059
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1016/S1574-003X(97)80010-4
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  • 9
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    Chapter 19 Population dynamics: Equilibrium, disequilibrium, and consequences of fluctuations (1997)
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_1831640279
    ISBN: 9780444826466
    Content: This chapter discusses the possibility of long-run economic-demographic equilibrium, examines empirical evidence bearing on the key relationships hypothesized to establish equilibriumthe preventive check, the positive check, and a depressing effect of population growth on real wages reflecting diminishing returns to labor, considers the nature of shocks to the equilibrium system, both short-run and longer runincluding historical examples from Europe. The chapter also presents the economic consequences of demographic fluctuations for savings, consumer demand, labor supply, and related variables. The concept of equilibrium is important for understanding the broad sweep of history, and economicdemographic equilibration leads to statistical traps that are a danger even for the visual interpretation of simple plots of historical data series, because leadlag relations are often misleading across long cycles. Economicdemographic equilibrium requires that population growth encounters negative feedback of some kind. Fluctuations in the rate of population growth and in the population age distribution can potentially have large effects on the macroeconomy.
    In: Handbook of population and family economics, Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier, 1997, (1997), Seite 1063-1115, 9780444826466
    In: 0444826467
    In: year:1997
    In: pages:1063-1115
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1016/S1574-003X(97)80011-6
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  • 10
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    Chapter 20 Growth models with endogenous population: A general framework (1997)
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_1831640260
    ISBN: 9780444826466
    Content: This chapter describes the framework of the models of economic growth with endogenous population. The chapter discusses the microeconomics of endogenous population: fertility, mortality, and investment in children. In the chapter,the aim of developing growth models with endogenous population is principally to explain why, as income grows, both birth and death rates fall, and stocks of both human and physical capital per capita increase over time.Review of existing neoclassical growth models with endogenous, but unspecified, population growth, suggests a wide variety of possibilities: multiple equilibria, some of which may be stable and others unstable, characterized by large populations with low per capita incomes or by small populations with high per capita income. Without knowing the ways in which population change is related to the stocks of capital, the level of population and other state variables of the economy, however, there is little to distinguish, which path may be followed.
    In: Handbook of population and family economics, Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier, 1997, (1997), Seite 1117-1174, 9780444826466
    In: 0444826467
    In: year:1997
    In: pages:1117-1174
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1016/S1574-003X(97)80012-8
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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