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UID:
gbv_790164868
Format: Online Ressource (xii, 1323-2060 pages) , illustrations.
Edition: Online-Ausg.
ISBN: 0444821384 , 9780444821386
Series Statement: Handbooks in economics 0169-7218 7
Content: This volume is a follow-up to the earlier Urban Economics, Volume 2 of Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics, edited by Edwin Mills. The earlier volume, published in 1987, focussed on urban economic theory. This new handbook, in contrast, focuses on applied urban research. The difference is of course in emphasis. The earlier volume was by no means entirely concerned with theoretical research and this one is by no means entirely concerned with applied research. There have certainly been important theoretical developments during the last decade, and they are surveyed at appropriate places in this volume. However, there has been an outpouring of high quality applied research in urban economics, as in other specialties. The reasons for the rapid growth of applied research are not difficult to identify; improved theoretical frameworks within which to do applied research; improved econometric techniques and software; more and better data; and, probably most important, ever cheaper computing power, which is being ever more widely distributed within the research community, providing increasingly easy access to and analysis of, data. Selection and classification of topics to include in this handbook has inevitably depended on the editors' perceptions of subjects on which important research has been undertaken. It has also depended on the availability of authors who were able and willing to write critical surveys of large amounts of international research. An attempt was made to include authors and have them survey research from a variety of countries. However, there is still a US bias in applied urban research, partly related to the availability of data and computers but also to the sheer size of the US research community
Content: This volume is a follow-up to the earlier Urban Economics, Volume 2 of Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics, edited by Edwin Mills. The earlier volume, published in 1987, focussed on urban economic theory. This new handbook, in contrast, focuses on applied urban research. The difference is of course in emphasis. The earlier volume was by no means entirely concerned with theoretical research and this one is by no means entirely concerned with applied research. There have certainly been important theoretical developments during the last decade, and they are surveyed at appropriate places in this volume. However, there has been an outpouring of high quality applied research in urban economics, as in other specialties. The reasons for the rapid growth of applied research are not difficult to identify; improved theoretical frameworks within which to do applied research; improved econometric techniques and software; more and better data; and, probably most important, ever cheaper computing power, which is being ever more widely distributed within the research community, providing increasingly easy access to and analysis of, data. Selection and classification of topics to include in this handbook has inevitably depended on the editors' perceptions of subjects on which important research has been undertaken. It has also depended on the availability of authors who were able and willing to write critical surveys of large amounts of international research. An attempt was made to include authors and have them survey research from a variety of countries. However, there is still a US bias in applied urban research, partly related to the availability of data and computers but also to the sheer size of the US research community
Note: Includes bibliographical references and indexes , 34. Introduction (P. Cheshire, E.S. Mills)Part 1: Spatial and Related Topics. 35. Trends in sizes and structures of urban areas (P. Cheshire) ; 36. Urban areas with decentralized employment: theory and empirical work (M. White) ; 37. Quality of life and environmental comparisons (J. Gyourko, M. Kahn and J. Tracy) ; 38. Agglomeration economies and urban public infrastructure (R. Eberts, D. McMillen) -- Part 2: Urban Markets. 39. Urban labor markets (G. Crampton). ; 40. Urban housing markets: theory and policy (C. Whitehead) ; 41. Hedonic analysis of housing markets (S. Sheppard) ; 42. Land markets and government intervention (A.W. Evans) -- Part 3: Developing Countries. 43. Urbanization in transforming economies (C. Becker, A.R. Morrison) ; 44. Economic analysis of housing markets in developing and transition economies (S. Malpezzi) ; 45. Poverty in developing countries (E. Pernia, M.G. Quibria) -- Part 4: Specific Sectors and Problems. 46.Urban transportation (K. Small, J. Gomez-Ibanez) ; 47. Sorting and voting: A review of the literature on urban public finance (S. Ross, J. Yinger).
Language: English
Subjects: Economics
RVK:
Keywords: Regionale Wirtschaftsstruktur ; Regionale Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Stadtökonomie ; Electronic books
URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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Associated Volumes
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    UID:
    gbv_1831636603
    ISBN: 0444821384
    In: Handbook of regional and urban economics, Amsterdam : North-Holland, 1999, (1999), Seite I-1-I-17, 0444821384
    In: 9780444821386
    In: year:1999
    In: pages:I-1-I-17
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 3
    UID:
    gbv_1831636743
    ISBN: 0444821384
    Content: There has been an outpouring of high quality applied research in urban economics as in other specialties in the past decade. The reasons for the rapid growth of applied research are not difficult to identify: better theoretical frameworks within which applied research is undertaken; better econometric techniques and software; more and better data; and, probably most important, ever cheaper and more widely distributed computing power within the research community that provides easier access to, and analysis of, data. Data and research output now move around the world at the speed of light, and thousands of scholars in dozens of countries can access the US census and many other data sources. Not only is more high quality applied research being done but also it is now being done in many more institutions than it was a decade or two ago. The computer has reduced the inequality among academic institutions in their capability to do applied research.
    In: Handbook of regional and urban economics, Amsterdam : North-Holland, 1999, (1999), Seite 1323-1335, 0444821384
    In: 9780444821386
    In: year:1999
    In: pages:1323-1335
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 4
    UID:
    gbv_1831636735
    ISBN: 0444821384
    Content: This chapter reviews the literature dealing with systems of cities and the patterns of development within such systems. It starts with the longstanding question of the distribution of city sizes, both in relation to how this distribution can be described and, given the form that it takes, how that form can be explained. Such explanations frequently invoke various sorts of agglomeration economies and so some of the literature relating to these is included here. The chapter then surveys the literature that examines patterns of development within urban systems, and then work at a more disaggregated level on suburbanisation. The chapter concludes with a summary of research into recent patterns of urbanisation, including relative recentralisation.
    In: Handbook of regional and urban economics, Amsterdam : North-Holland, 1999, (1999), Seite 1339-1373, 0444821384
    In: 9780444821386
    In: year:1999
    In: pages:1339-1373
    Language: English
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  • 5
    UID:
    gbv_1831636727
    ISBN: 0444821384
    Content: This chapter discusses theoretical and applied research in urban economics on decentralized cities, i.e., cities in which employment is not restricted to the central business district. The first section discusses informally the incentives that firms face to suburbanize. The next section summarizes the theoretical literature on decentralized cities, including both models which solve for the optimal spatial pattern of employment and models in which the spatial pattern of employment is exogenously determined. In other sections, I discuss rent and wage gradients in decentralized cities and review the empirical literature testing whether, or not, wage gradients exist in urban areas. A section covers the question of whether people follow jobs or jobs follow people to the suburbs and the last section discusses the “wasteful” commuting controversy.
    In: Handbook of regional and urban economics, Amsterdam : North-Holland, 1999, (1999), Seite 1375-1412, 0444821384
    In: 9780444821386
    In: year:1999
    In: pages:1375-1412
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 6
    UID:
    gbv_1831636719
    ISBN: 0444821384
    Content: Recent research into the urban quality of life (QOL) is reviewed and analyzed, with a special emphasis on the estimation of implicit prices of environmental attributes. New work has incorporated traditional concerns of urban theory into QOL analyses, as well as increased our understanding of specification bias problems in hedonic estimations. However, empirical research into the QOL finds itself at a crossroads, as the large city-specific error components in the underlying wage and housing expenditure hedonic specifications result in imprecise measurement of overall QOL values and rankings. Amassing higher quality databases to deal with this problem should be high on the agenda of those interested in this research program.
    In: Handbook of regional and urban economics, Amsterdam : North-Holland, 1999, (1999), Seite 1413-1454, 0444821384
    In: 9780444821386
    In: year:1999
    In: pages:1413-1454
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 7
    UID:
    gbv_1831636700
    ISBN: 0444821384
    Content: This chapter reviews the theoretical and empirical literature on agglomeration economies and urban public infrastructure. Theory links the two concepts by positing that agglomeration economies exist when firms in an urban area share a public good as an input to production. One type of shareable input is the close proximity of businesses and labor, that generates positive externalities which in turn lower the production cost of one business as the output of other businesses increases. The externalities result from businesses sharing nonexcludable inputs, such as a common labor pool, technical expertise, general knowledge and personal contacts. Another perhaps more tangible type of shareable input is urban public infrastructure. Public capital stock, such as highways, water treatment facilities, and communication systems, directly affect the efficient operation of cities by facilitating business activities and improving worker productivity. The literature has devoted considerable attention to both topics, but not together. Studies of agglomeration economies in several countries find that manufacturing firms are more productive in large cities than in smaller ones. Studies of the effect of infrastructure on productivity show positive, but in some cases statistically insignificant, effects of public capital stock on productivity. Most of these studies are at the national and state levels. Only a handful of studies have focused on the metropolitan level, and even fewer have estimated agglomeration economies and infrastructure effects simultaneously. Results from studies that include both types of shared inputs suggest that both spatial proximity and physical infrastructure contribute positively to the productivity of firms in urban areas. More research is needed to explore the interrelationships between urban size and urban public infrastructure and to open the “black box” of agglomeration economies and estimate how the various other factors associated with urban size affect productivity.
    In: Handbook of regional and urban economics, Amsterdam : North-Holland, 1999, (1999), Seite 1455-1495, 0444821384
    In: 9780444821386
    In: year:1999
    In: pages:1455-1495
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 8
    UID:
    gbv_1831636697
    ISBN: 0444821384
    Content: The large research literature in urban labour market analysis is reviewed, with the emphasis ranging from attempts to model aggregate simultaneous interactions between residential and workplace location to more modern econometric work researching individual labour market behaviour. The job search process is central to the operation of the labour market, yet research is hampered by variable data availability and the limited observability of the search mechanism. Individual responses to major employer relocations have been recently studied, especially the substitutability of the move or quit decision, and relationships to race and gender. The variation of commuting patterns by income and professional status has also been analysed, and the functioning of the dispersed service-dominated modern urban labour market raises challenging research issues including willingness to search and commute over substantial areas, interacting with family circumstances and expected job security. The continued growth in all developed economies of female labour force participation and numbers of female-headed households have raised the importance of urban labour market research focusing on gender, including the economic understanding of patterns in the length of the female journey to work. Study of the influence of racial segregation on outcomes in the urban labour market has a longer history, with the “spatial mismatch hypothesis” having developed a large literature since the 1960s. With higher quality microdata and modern computational power and econometric techniques, statistical research has advanced considerably. Similar spatial relationships between race and labour market and commuting outcomes are also intrinsic to the European urban labour market, and have received particular attention from British, Dutch, Austrian and French researchers. The chapter concludes with an overview of contrasts between inter- and intraurban labour market adjustment processes.
    In: Handbook of regional and urban economics, Amsterdam : North-Holland, 1999, (1999), Seite 1499-1557, 0444821384
    In: 9780444821386
    In: year:1999
    In: pages:1499-1557
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 9
    UID:
    gbv_1831636689
    ISBN: 0444821384
    Content: This chapter examines certain of the developments in the application of economic theory and in empirical and policy analysis with respect to housing markets in general and urban housing markets in particular. The majority of the material refers to US and UK experience with some English language contributions related to other, mainly European, countries. The main thrust of the chapter is to clarify how the particular attributes of housing, especially those of durability and locational specificity, have been introduced into microeconomic models of housing. On the demand side analysis concentrates on estimates of price and income elasticities and the results that arise from different mode specifications. On the supply side there is emphasis on the importance of distinguishing the factors determining new supply from those which affect investment in the existing stock. Overall housing market analysis is also divided into that which applies to the market as a whole and the very different issues, particularly with respect to market segmentation, which dominate urban models. Turning to housing policy the chapter clarifies the different approaches taken to analysis, measurement and evaluation of policy in Europe and America and examines in detail developments with respect to particular examples of policy concern, including market versus administrative allocation, housing and labour markets, the impact of local taxation and rent control.
    In: Handbook of regional and urban economics, Amsterdam : North-Holland, 1999, (1999), Seite 1559-1594, 0444821384
    In: 9780444821386
    In: year:1999
    In: pages:1559-1594
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 10
    UID:
    gbv_1831636670
    ISBN: 0444821384
    Content: This chapter examines the hedonic analysis of housing markets. These techniques have been widely applied in studies of the demand for housing attributes and environmental amenities. The chapter discusses the theoretical foundation of hedonic analysis, the use of hedonic estimates of demand for welfare analysis, the empirical difficulties that arise in such studies, and some of the methods for overcoming these difficulties.
    In: Handbook of regional and urban economics, Amsterdam : North-Holland, 1999, (1999), Seite 1595-1635, 0444821384
    In: 9780444821386
    In: year:1999
    In: pages:1595-1635
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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