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Folklore, folklorism, symbol, symbolism

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Literatur

  1. See e.g.: Inger M. Boberg,Folkemindeforskningens historie i Mellemog Nordeuropa (København, 1953) — Giuseppe Cocchiara,Storia del folklore in Europa (Torino, 1954) — V. E. Gusev,Problemy folklora v istorii estetiki (Moskva—Leningrad, 1963) — Some remarks by the author, Vilmos Voigt,A folklór esztétikájához (Budapest, 1972).

  2. For general orientation with bibliographical remarks: Norman, Kiell,Psychoanalysis, Psychology and Literature. A Bibliography (Wisconsin, 1963) — Alexander Grinstein,Index of Psychoanalytic Writings I–IX (New York, 1956–1966). Some special works: Géza Róheim,Psychoanalysis and Anthropology (New York, 1950) — Ernest, Jones,Essays in Applied Psycho-Analysis. II. Essays in Folklore, Anthropology, and Religion (London, 1951) — Arthur Ramos,Estudos de Folk-lore (Rio de Janeiro, 1952) — Talcott, Parsons,Psychoanalysis and the Social Science (New York, 1953) — Alfred Lorenzer,Kritik des psychoanalitischen Symbolbegriffs (Frankfurt, 1970) — Roger Bastide,Sociologie et psychoanalyse (Paris, 1972) — Paulo Carvalho-Neto,Folklore and Psychoanalysis (Coral Gables, 1972) — Maric-Louise von Franz,An Introduction to the Psychology of Fairy Tales (Zürich, 1973). On psychoanalytic tale intepretations see: Max Luthi,Märchen (Stuttgart, 1947) pp. 100–107.

  3. Cf.: Vilmos Voigt, Vom Neofolklorismus in der Kunst.Acta Ethnographica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 19 (1970) 401–423.

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  4. Hans Moser, Der Folklorismus als Forschungsproblem der Volkskunde.Hessische Blätter für Volkskunde 55 (1964) 9–57; Folklorismus in Europa. Eine Umfrage.Zeitschrift für Volkskunde 65 (1969) 1–55. —Hermann Bausinger,Volkskunde (Berlin—Darmstadt, 1971) 159–209.

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  5. See e.g.: R. Riemann,Die Entwicklung des politischen und exotischen Romans in Deutschland (Leipzig, 1911) — Gilbert Chinard,L'Amérique et le rêve exotique dans la littérature française I–II (Paris, 1911–1913) —C. B. Tinker,Nature's Simple Plan (New York, 1922) — William L. Schwartz,The Imaginative Interpretation of the Far East in Modern French Literature 1800–1925 (Paris, 1927) — H. N. Fairchild,The Noble Savage (New York, 1928) — Louis Whitney,Primitivism and the Idea of Progress (Baltimore, 1934) — Arthur O. Loveloy — Gilbert, Chinard — George, Boas—Ronald S. Crane,Primitivism and Related Ideas in Antiquity (Baltimore, 1935) — Yvor Winters,Primitivism and Decadence (New York, 1937) — Pierre Jourda,L'exotisme dans la littérature française depuis Chateaubriand: le romantisme (Paris, 1938) — R. R. Cawley,Unpathed Waters (Chicago, 1940) — A. E. Christy,The Asian Legacy (New York, 1942) — R. Gonnard,La légende du bon sauvage (Paris, 1946) — Edith A. Runge,Primitivism and Related Ideas in Sturm und Drang Literature (Baltimore, 1946) — George Boas,Essays on Primitivism and Related Ideas in the Middle Ages (Baltimore, 1948) — Fernand Baldensprenger, Aspects de l'exotisme.Dialogues, 1954, novembre — James Baird,Ishmael. A Study of the Symbolic Mode in Primitivism (Baltimore, 1956) — Pierre Jourda,L'exotisme dans la littérature française, du romantisme à 1939. (Paris, 1956) — Giuseppe Cocchiara,L'eterno selvaggio. Presenza e influsso del mondo primitivo nella cultura moderna (Milano, 1961) — Robert, Goldwater,Primitivism in Modern Art (New York, 1967) — Michael, Bell,Primitivism (London, 1972) — Roger Mathé,L'exotisme d'Homère à le Clézio (Paris-Montréal, 1972).

  6. Summary of literary symbolism: René Wellek, The Term and Concept of Symbolism in Literary History. In:Discriminations (New Haven, 1970) pp. 90–121. Originally panel paper at ICLA meeting, Belgrade, 1967.

  7. Unfortunately there is no bibliographical summary of the topic, without which we can not survey the vast literature.

  8. See: H. Robert Lowie,The History of Ethnological Theory (New York, 1937) — T. K. Penniman,A Hundred Years of Anthropology (London, 1952) — Marvin Harris,The Rise of Anthropological Theory (London, 1968).

  9. Max Schlesinger,Geschichte des Symbols (Berlin, 1912) — H. Flanders Dunbar,Symbolism in Mediaeval Thought (New York, 1929) — Morton W. Bloomfield, Symbolism in Mediaeval Literature.Modern Philology 56 (1958) 73–81.

  10. Georg Friedrich Creuzer,Symbolik und Mythologie der alten Völker, besonders der Griechen. I–IV (Leipzig, 1810–1812. New edition: Leipzig, 1836–1844).

  11. On the subject: Ernst Howald,Der Kampf um Creuzers Symbolik. Eine Auswahl von Dokumenten (Tübingen, 1926). Summarizing the Symbolism of early mythology: Jan de Vries,The Study of Religion (New York, 1967) especially pp. 47–53 ff. — Burton Feldman-Robert D. Richardson,The Rise of Modern Mythology 1680–1860 (Bloomington-London, n.d.) pp. 387 ff.

  12. Jacob Grimm,Deutsche Mythologie (Göttingen, 1835, Enlarged edition Göttingen, 1844) It should be mentioned too:Kinder-und Hausmärchen I–II (Berlin, 1812–1822) —Deutsche Sagen I–II (Berlin, 1816–1818) — Wilhelm Grimm,Die deutsche Heldensage (Göttingen, 1829). — On the European influence of the Brothers Grimm see the two centenary issues: Brüder Grimm Gedenken 1963,Hessische Blätter für Volkskunde 54 (1963) — Jacob Grimm. Zur 100. Wiederkehr seines Todestages, 1963.Deutsches Jahrbuch für Volkskunde 9 (1963). See further: Ludwig Deneke,Jacob Grimm und sein Bruder Wilhelm (Stuttgart, 1971).

  13. Adalbert Kuhn,Die Herabkunft des Feuers und des Göttertrankes (Berlin, 1859) — Wilhelm, Schwartz,Die poetischen Naturanschauungen der Griechen, Römer und Deutschen inihrer Beziehung zur Mythologie der Urzeit, I–II (Berlin, 1864–1879) — Michel, Bréal,Le mythe d'Œdipe (Paris, 1864) — A. H. Afanasev,Poetičeskie vozzrenija slavjan na priporu I–III (Sanktpeterburg, 1866–1869) — O. F. Miller,Ilja Muromec i bogatirstvo kievskoe (Moskva, 1869) — G. W. Cox,Mythology of the Arian Nations (London, 1870) — Angelo de Gubernatis,Zoological Mythology or the Legends of Animals (London, 1876) — Max, Müller,Chips from a German Workshop, I–IV (London, 1867–1875).

  14. Collected work of Bachofen:Gesammelte Werke (since 1943 in Basel) was edited by Karl, Meuli. On reevaluation of Bachofen resp. on his symbolism see: C. A. Bernoulli,J. J. Bachofen und das Natursymbol (Basel, 1924) — A. Turel,Bachofen — Freud. Zur Emanzipation des Mannes vom Reich der Mütter (Bern, 1939) — A. Baeumler,Das mythische Weltalter (München, 1975) — Furio Jesi,Germania segreta. Miti nella cultura tedesca del' 900 (Milano, 1967) — G. Deleuze-M. Guattari,L'antiœdype (Paris, 1972).

  15. Main works: Edward B. Tylor,Primitive Culture (London, 1871), andAnthropology (London, 1881).

  16. Andrew Lang,Custom and Myth (London, 1884) — Andrew Lang,Myth, Ritual and Religion (London, 1887) — George Laurence Gomme,Ethnology in Folklore (London, 1892) — George Laurence Gomme,Folklore as an Historical Science (London, 1908).

  17. James G. Frazer,The Golden Bough. A Study in Comparative Religion. I–II (London, 1890).

  18. In his earlier works he was also a follower of the nature mythology school, later he developed his own method: Wilhelm Mannhardt,Waldund Feldkulte I–II (Berlin, 1875–1877).

  19. E.g.: Arnold van Gennep,Les rites des passages (Paris, 1908) — Paul Saintyves,Les contes de Perrault et les récits paralleles, leurs origines: coutumes primitives et liturgies populaires (Paris, 1923).

  20. Review works: Wolfgang Jacobeit,Bäuerliche Arbeit und Wirtschaft. Ein Beitrag zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte der deutschen Volkskunde (Berlin, 1965) — Ingeborg Weber-Kellermann,Erntebrauch in der ländlichen Arbeitswelt des 19. Jahrhunderts (Berlin, 1965) — Ingeborg Weber-Kellermann,Deutsche Volkskunde zwischen Germanistik und Sozialwissenschaften (Stuttgart, 1969).

  21. A detailed report: V. E. Gusev,Russkie revolucionnüe demokratü o narodnoj poezii (Moskva, 1955).

  22. See furthermore the works mentioned in note 2.

  23. A product of his Freudian period: Carl Gustav Jung, Wandlungen und Symbole der Libido.Jahrbuch für Psychoanalythische und psychopathologische Forschungen II–III (1911–1912) — A summary of his ideas concerning the literature: Psychoanalyse und Dichtung. In: Emil Ermatinger, Hrsg.Philosophie der Literaturwissenschaft (Berlin, 1930) pp. 315–330. — His work written in collaboration with Károly Kerényi and Paul Radin,Einführung in das Wesen der Mythologie (München-Zürich, 1941) —Das göttliche Kind (Zürich, 1940) —Das göttliche Mädchen (Zürich, 1941) —Der göttliche Schelm. (Zürich, 1954).

  24. Jolande Jacobi,Die Psychologie von C. G. Jung (Zürich, 1939) —Kerényi's mythological studies in a 12 volumes editionGesammelte Werke (since 1969 on).

  25. Wilhelm Wundt,Völkerpsychologie. V. Mythus und Religion. (Leipi zig), 1914).

  26. Ernst Cassirer,Philosophie der symbolischen Formen. II. Das myth)-sche Denken (Berlin, 1925) —Sprache und Mythos (Berlin-Leipzig, 1925.)

  27. Leo Frobenius,Kulturgeschichte Afrikas. Prolegomena zu einer historischen Gestaltlehre (Zürich, 1935).

  28. Ruth Benedict,Patterns of Culture (Boston-New York, 1934).

  29. Mircea Eliade,Le Mythe de l'éternel retour: archétypes et répétition (Paris, 1949).

  30. Kenneth Burke,The Philosophy of Literary Form. Studies in Symbolic Action (Baton Rouge, 1941).

  31. American literary studies connect directly poetic expression with symbolism: M. H. Abrams,The Mirror and the Lamp (London, 1953) —Charles Feidelson,Symbolism and American Literature (Chicago, 1953).

  32. Victor W. Turner,The Forest of Symbols: Aspects of Ndembu Ritual (Ithaca, 1967) — Victor W. Turner,The Ritual Process: Structure and Anti-Structure (Chicago, 1969) — Mary, Douglas,Natural Symbols (London, 1970) — Edmund Leach, The Structure of Symbolism. In: S. J. La Fontaine, ed.,The Interpretation of Ritual: Essays. In Honour of I. A. Richards (London, 1972) pp. 239–275. — Raymond Firth,Symbols Public and Private (London, 1973).

  33. See: Claude Lévi-Strauss,Mythologiques. I–IV (Paris, 1964–1971) — Pierre Maranda, ed.,Mythology (Harmondsworth, 1972).

  34. Summary of his previous works: E. M. Meletinskij,Poetika mifa (Moskva, 1976) especially 12–162 (“recent theories of myth”).

  35. Summaries of the trend: Albert Béguin,L'Ame romantique et le rêve (Paris, 1939) — Bengt A. Sørenson,Symbol und Symbolismus in den ästhetischen Theorien des 18. Jahrhunderts und der deutschen Romantik (Kopenhagen, 1963) — H. G. Schenk,The Mind of the European Romantics (New York, 1969).

  36. See: Albert Schneider,G.-C. Lichtenberg. Précurseur du romantisme (Nancy, 1954).

  37. Cf: August Langen K. Ph. Moritz, Weg zur symbolischen Dichtung.Zeitschrift für deutsche Philologie 81 (1962) 169–218, 402–403.

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  38. J. A. Delaure,Des Divinités génératrices ou du Culte du Phallus (Paris, 1805).

  39. Gotthilf Heinrich Schubert,Die Symbolik des Traumes (Bamberg, 1813).

  40. J. F. HerbartPsychologie als Wissenschaft (Königsberg, 1824).

  41. Carl Gustav Carus,Psyche. Zur Entwicklungsgeschichte der Seele (Pforzheim, 1846).

  42. Johannes Volkelt,Die Traum-Phantasie (Stuttgart, 1875).

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  1. Vilmos Voigt
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Voigt, V. Folklore, folklorism, symbol, symbolism. Neohelicon 10, 305–320 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02022080

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