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Soil organic matter molecular composition and state of decomposition in three locations of the European Arctic

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Abstract

Increased mineralization of the organic matter (OM) stored in permafrost is expected to constitute the largest additional global warming potential from terrestrial ecosystems exposed to a warmer climate. Chemical composition of permafrost OM is thought to be a key factor controlling the sensitivity of decomposition to warming. Our objective was to characterise OM from permafrost soils of the European Arctic: two mineral soils—Adventdalen, Svalbard, Norway and Vorkuta, northwest Russia—and a “palsa” (ice-cored peat mound patterning in heterogeneous permafrost landscapes) soil in Neiden, northern Norway, in terms of molecular composition and state of decomposition. At all sites, the OM stored in the permafrost was at an advanced stage of decomposition, although somewhat less so in the palsa peat. By comparing permafrost and active layers, we found no consistent effect of depth or permafrost on soil organic matter (SOM) chemistry across sites. The permafrost-affected palsa peat displayed better preservation of plant material in the deeper layer, as indicated by increasing contribution of lignin carbon to total carbon with depth, associated to decreasing acid (Ac) to aldehyde (Al) ratio of the syringyl (S) and vanillyl (V) units, and increasing S/V and contribution of plant-derived sugars. By contrast, in Adventdalen, the Ac/Al ratio of lignin and the Alkyl C to O-alkyl C ratio in the NMR spectra increased with depth, which suggests less oxidized SOM in the active layer compared to the permafrost layer. In Vorkuta, SOM characteristics in the permafrost profile did not change substantially with depth, probably due to mixing of soil layers by cryoturbation. The composition and state of decomposition of SOM appeared to be site-specific, in particular bound to the prevailing organic or mineral nature of soil when attempting to predict the SOM proneness to degradation. The occurrence of processes such as palsa formation in organic soils and cryoturbation should be considered when up-scaling and predicting the responses of OM to climate change in arctic soils.

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Acknowledgements

This study was conducted as a part of the research project “Organic matter in permafrost: molecular composition and associated response to increasing temperature (PERMASOM)” (Norwegian Research Council (NFR) project No. 184754/S30). Additional funding was also provided by the European Science Foundation (ESF) activity entitled “Natural molecular structures as drivers and tracers of terrestrial C fluxes” (MOLTER Network). Valerie Pouteau (Ecosys, France) is highly acknowledged for technical assistance with molecular analyses. We would also like to thank those who facilitated the soil sampling at the three different sites: Hanne H. Christiansen, Paul Eric Aspholm, Tore Sveistrup, Galina Mazhitova and Alexander Pastukhov. We wish to thank two anonymous reviewers for their useful comments, which helped improving the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (UMB), P.O. Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway

    Annelene Pengerud & Line Tau Strand

  2. INRA, UMR Ecosys, INRA, AgroParisTech, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France

    Marie-France Dignac

  3. Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Vegetali, del Suolo e dell’Ambiente Agroforestale (DiPSA), Università degli Studi di Firenze, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144, Florence, Italy

    Giacomo Certini

  4. ICCOM-CNR, Area della Ricerca, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy

    Claudia Forte

  5. Division for Environment and Natural Resources, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research – NIBIO, Høgskoleveien 7, 1430, Ås, Norway

    Daniel P. Rasse

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  1. Annelene Pengerud
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Correspondence to Marie-France Dignac.

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Pengerud, A., Dignac, MF., Certini, G. et al. Soil organic matter molecular composition and state of decomposition in three locations of the European Arctic. Biogeochemistry 135, 277–292 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-017-0373-2

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